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Handbook of BiomassDowndraft GasifierEngine Systems
~,y~mp-271-3022
@uR
ENERGY
RESEARCH
IN
DE88001135
TECHNICAL
LIBRARY
March
1988
UC
Category:
245
OCT
7
1988
This handbook has been prepared by the Solar Energy Research Institute under the U.S.Department of Energy
Solar Technical Information Program.
It is intended as a guideto the design, testing, operation, and manufacture of small-scale [less than200 kW(270 hp)]gasifiers. A great deal of the information will be useful for all levels of biomassgasification.The handbook is meant to be
a
practical guide to gasifier systems, and a minimumamount of space is devoted to questions of more theoretical interest.We apologize in advance for mixing English and Scientifique Internationale (SI) units.Whenever possible, we have used SI units, with the corresponding English units fol-lowing in parentheses. Unfortunately, many of the figures use English units, and itwould have been too difficult to convert all of these figures to both units. We have sup-plied
a
conversion chart in the Appendix to make these conversions easier for thereader.Mr. Bill Nostrand, one of our very helpful reviewers, died in May
1985.
Bill was num-ber one in the ranks of those who became interested in gasification because of its poten-tial for supplying clean, renewable energy. We all will miss him. The improvement ofgasification systems will be noticeably slowed by his death.We dedicate this book to the Bill Nostrands of this world who will bring gasifier systemsto the level of safety, cleanliness, and reliability required to realize their full potential.Thanks, Bill.
T.
B. Reed and
A.
DasGolden, Colorado
A
Product of the
0276
Solar Technical Information ProgramSolar Energy Research lnstitute
1
61
7
Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado
80401
-3393
A
DivisionofMidwest Research Institute
Operated for the
U.S. Department of Energy
 
Acknowledgments
Since it is impossible for one or two authors to realistically comprehend a subject from all viewpoints, we havesolicited input from leading workers in the field. Early versions were sent to a number of investigators, and eachwas invited to comment on and supplement our effort. We therefore express our heartfelt thanks to the followingreviewers for greatly enhancing the quality of the final product:Dr. Thomas Milne, Solar Energy Research InstituteDr. Bjorn Kjellstrom, The Beijer Institute, SwedenDr. Thomas McGowan, Georgia Institute of TechnologyDr. Hubert Stassen, Twente University, The NetherlandsMr. Matthew Mendis, World BankProf. Ibarra Cruz, University of Manila, The PhilippinesMr. Bill Nostrand, New England Gasification AssociatesWe take final responsibility for the contents and omissions, and extend our apologies to those workers whose workwe may have unknowingly omitted.
Organization and Use
A gasifier converts solid fuel to gaseous fuel.
A
gasifier system includes the gasification reactor itself, along withthe auxiliary equipment necessary to handle the solids, gases, and effluents going into or coming from the gasifier.The figure below shows the major components of a gasifier system and the chapters in which they are discussed.
t
Whole system
+
Ch.
9,
10
Notice
FlareCh.
9,
12
I
I
I
I
GasGasifiermeasurement
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by
an
agency of the United States government. Neither the United States govern-ment nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranties, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or respon-sibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its usewould not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark,manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States govern-ment or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United Statesgovernment or any agency thereof.
Engine(or combustor)Ch. 11Ch.
4,
5,
6
Printed in the United States of AmericaAvailable from:Superintendent of Documents
U.S.
Government Printing OfficeWashington, DC 20402
andcleaningCh.
7, 8
National Technical Information ServiceU.S. Department of Commerce
5285
Port Royal RoadSpringfield, VA
22161
Price: Microfiche A01Printed Copy A07Codes are used for pricing all publications. The code is determined by the number of pages in the publication. Information pertaining to thepricing codes can be found in the current issue of the following publications which are generally available in most libraries:
Energy ResearchAbstracts (ERA);Government Reports Announcements
and Index
(GRA
and I);
Scientific and Technical Abstract Reports (STAR);
nd puhlica-tion NTIS-PR-360 available from NTIS at the above address.
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