Mobility Management Techniques To Improve QoSIn Mobile Networks Using Intelleigent AgentDecision Making Protocol
Selvan.C
Department of Computer Science and EngineeringGovernment College of Technology,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Indiaselvantrichy@yahoo.com
Dr. R.Shanmugalakshmi
Department of Computer Science and EngineeringGovernment College of Technology,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Indiashanmuga_lakshmi@yahoo.co.in
Abstract
—
Mobility Management (MM) is one of the major issues of Mobile networks that should be taken intoaccount for providing Quality of Service (QoS) and to meet thesubscribers demand (satisfaction). Mobility managementtechniques are divided into two types (i) Location Management(LM) and (ii) Handoff Management (HM). The LM is used fortracking where the subscribers are locate, and based on thatpermitting calls, Short Message Service (SMS) and other mobilephone services are delivered to them with the assistance of Intelligent Agent Decision Making Protocol (IADMP). TheRedundant Update Remove Algorithm (RURA) which is used forreducing the updation between BSC and MSC. EnhancedTemporal Updation (ETU) reduces the location updates betweenMobile Node (MN) and MSC using IADMP. To provideubiquitous communication for subscribers without any break inthe communication, HM protocols play main role in MobileNetworks. In HM process there are four protocols, (i) DoubleThreshold Protocol (DTP) (ii) Better Base Station SelectionProtocol (BBSSP) using Relative Signal Strength (RSS) (iii)IADMP and (iv) Hybrid Decision Making Protocol (HDMP) areused. The Performances of these protocols are analysed. TheHDMP and ETU provide QoS in Mobile Networks.
Keywords-component; Location Management;Handoff Mangement; Intelligent Agent; Enhanced Temporal Updation; RUR Algorithm; IADMP
I.
I
NTRODUCTION
Mobility Management (MM) [3] is one of the majorfunctions of a GSM or other Network. The aims of MM are totrack where the subscribers are so that calls can be sent tothem, and to record the subscriber services.Mobile networks to provide quality of service (QoS) ischallenging for the service providers. By introducing IntelligentAgent in MM it is possible to meet the QoS. The MM isdivided into two major divisions as Location Management(LM) and Handoff Management (HM). The various MMtechniques used in mobile networks are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Overview of Mobility Management Techniques
In Location Management [5], the ability to manageinformation about the current location of mobile nodes basedon their last update is a significant issue. That enables thenetwork to discover the current attachment point of the mobileuser for call delivery. Location Management is further dividedinto (1) Paging and (2) Call delivery and (3) Location updation.
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2011159http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
An important issue in the design of Mobile network is howto manage the locations of mobile nodes and giving continuousconnections to the subscribers wherever they go. The Mobilenetworks encompass the mobility management to provideubiquitous and continuous communication to the subscribers,billing for the usage and further use.An important issue in the design of Mobile network ishow to manage the locations of mobile nodes and givingcontinuous connections to the subscribers wherever they go.The Mobile networks encompass the mobility management toprovide ubiquitous and continuous communication to thesubscribers, billing for the usage and further use.II.
LOCATION
MANAGEMENTThe Location Management (LM) maintains the location of the Mobile Nodes to provide services. A micro cell [15]maximum coverage area is called location of a mobile node. Agroup of locations is called a location area. The LM is dividedinto three functions, updation follows paging and call delivery.The updating function makes the Mobile Node to update itsplace to the corresponding BSC. Paging operation is performedby the BSC to track all the locations of the mobile nodes at atime and periodically.
A.
Analysis of Location Area
A GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)network is a radio network of individual cells, called as basestations. Each base station covers a small geographical areawhich is division of a uniquely identified location area. Byintegrating the coverage of each of these base stations, acellular network provides radio coverage over a much widerarea. A group of base stations is named as location area.
Figure 2. Geographical location areaFigure 3. Geometrical location area
Figure 2, shows the geographical representation of locationarea and its divisions and the geometrical representation of location area were shown in Figure 3.
B.
Paging
Paging is one of the fundamental mobility managementprocedures of a GSM network and also other cellular networks.MSC will request the BSC to scan all the active nodes under itscoverage [1]. The BSC will send all the data to MSC afterscanning all the nodes.The Visitor Location Register (VLR) which normallyknows the current location of the subscriber to the level of alocation area. The VLR also knows which BSC controls cellsin that location area. The VLR sends a paging request messageto each of the relevant BSC. The BSC then send a pagingrequest to every single cell within the location area. Thispaging request is broadcast on the cell broadcast channel towhich the mobile is listening.
C.
Call Delivery
When a mobile node tries to communicate with othermobile node, the call reaches MSC first through BSC, after thatonly the connection will be established to concern mobile nodethrough BSC. Whenever the call comes from same or othernetwork, the connection is established based on the TemporaryMobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI). TMSI is the identity mostcommonly sent between the mobile node and the network. Animportant use of the TMSI is in paging of the mobile.
D.
Updation
The Location update procedure allows a mobile node toinform its active state to MSC through BSC. The updation isdivided into three (1) Spatial updation (2) Temporal updationand (3) Enhanced Temporal Updation. This updation will bestored into the MSC through BSC. This updation process willtake place periodically. The mobile node sends a message(location update request) to the network about its currentlocation.
1)
Spatial Updation:
The Spatial updation allows a Mobile Node (MN) to informto the cellular network whenever it moves from one locationarea to the next. The mobile nodes should send updation tobase station for receiving calls if any comes. When the mobilenode does not send the updation it might be considered as a notreachable MN or switched off MN.
2)
Temporal Updation:
The Temporal updation is performed based on the periodictime. The setting of interval time will be controlled by MSC. Inthe existing system the MN will inform the location of its exactplace periodically. The location of the mobile node will becarried out to MSC through BSC.Figure 4 gives the detailed operation of the existing updateof the temporal updation. In this Figure 4, MN sends LU(Location Update) signal to BSC, the BSC forwards signal toMSC for updation. At the same time BSC sendsAcknowledgement (ACK) to MN. After receiving signal fromBSC, the MSC sends Location Acknowledgement (LA) toBSC. At last the BSC forwards the LA signal to MN.istime taken for single updation between MN and MSC. Theoperations are performed regularly by the mobile network. Inthis method, the update function takes place whenever the MN
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2011160http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
sends update signal. Even though the mobile node is in thesame location cell, the BSC forwards the update signal to MSCwhen it uses temporal updation. To solve this issue, the RURA(Redundant Update Remove Algorithm) is used. Thisalgorithm removes the unnecessary updation between BSC andMSC.
Figure 4. Existing System - Location Update
a)
RURA (Redundant Update Remove Algorithm)
RURA removes the redundant update when the mobilenode updates the same location. Figure 5, describes thefunctions of the mobile network using RURA. The BSCencompasses the RURA which never allow the same update toMSC. The Location Updation (LU) signal from MN and BSC,ACK signal from MSC and BSC are shown in figure 5.
Figure 5. Functions of Updating Location using RURA
Whenever the location update takes place, the BSC willcheck the location symbol with existing buffer value, supposethe transmitted symbol not equal to existing symbol, it willupdate into the MSC otherwise it will not inform to the MSC.
Figure 6. Timing diagram for RURA
In figure 6 t
0
– Starting time for updation in Mobile node, t
1
– Time taken to reach BSC, t2 – Time taken to reach MSC, Tt= t
0
+ t
1
+ t
2
, T
t
- Total time for reaching MSC, - Timetaken for location updation with ACK, The update signal issent to BSC from MN in t1 time. The update signal is sent fromBSC to MSC in t2 time. When the redundant signal comesfrom the Mobile node, the BSC will not respond to MSC andMobile node. But it will update its buffer with time stamp.The
TABLE I.
shows the movement records [7] of a singlemobile node, for three hours using the temporal updation. Theupdation takes place every 10 minutes once. It updated 21times for three hours. The Table II shows the movementrecords of a single mobile node using RURA; it needs only sixupdates for three hours. The updation takes place every 10minutes once.
TABLE I. U
PDATING RECORDS USING
T
EMPORAL
U
PDATION
TABLE II. U
PDATING RECORDS USING
RURA
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2011161http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
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Mobility Management Techniques To Improve QoS In Mobile Networks Using Intelleigent Agent Decision Making Protocol
Mobility Management (MM) is one of the major issues of Mobile networks that should be taken into account for providing Quality of Service (QoS) and to meet the subscribers demand (satisfaction). Mobility management techniques are divided…
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