PETITION TO THE STATE OF CALIFORNIAFISH AND GAME COMMISSIONTO LIST THE BLACK-BACKED WOODPECKER(
PICOIDES ARCTICUS
) AS THREATENED ORENDANGERED UNDER THE CALIFORNIA ENDANGEREDSPECIES ACT
The Black-backed Woodpecker (
Picoides arcticus
)Photo by Doug Bevington
2
Notice of Petition
The John Muir Project of Earth Island Institute and the Center for BiologicalDiversity submit this petition to the California Fish and Game Commission to list theblack-backed woodpecker (
Picoides arcticus
) as “endangered”, or alternatively,“threatened,” in California, under the California Endangered Species Act (California Fishand Game Code §§ 2050
et seq.
, “CESA”). This petition demonstrates that the black-backed woodpecker clearly warrants listing under CESA based on the factors specified inthe statute. We look forward to the Commission’s response to this petition andprocessing of it pursuant to the procedures and timelines established at California Fishand Game Code §§ 2073
et seq.
Petitioners
Chad Hanson, Ph.D.John Muir Project of Earth Island InstituteP.O. Box 697Cedar Ridge, CA 95924(530) 273-9290Brendan CummingsCenter for Biological DiversityPO Box 549Joshua Tree, CA 92252(760) 366-2232
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................5THE CESA LISTING PROCESS AND STANDARDS FOR THE ACCEPTANCE OF APETITION...........................................................................................................................8LIFE HISTORY OF THE BLACK-BACKED WOODPECKER....................................10I. DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................10II. TAXONOMY...................................................................................................12III. REPRODUCTION............................................................................................13IV. DIET
AND
FEEDING......................................................................................15V. MIGRATION....................................................................................................16RANGE AND DISTRIBUTION......................................................................................17I. RANGE-WIDE
DISTRIBUTION....................................................................17II. CALIFORNIA
DISTRIBUTION......................................................................18HABITAT REQUIREMENTS.........................................................................................20I. NESTING
HABITAT.......................................................................................21II. FORAGING
HABITAT....................................................................................24III. HOME-RANGE
SIZE......................................................................................27ABUNDANCE AND POPULATION TREND...............................................................29FACTORS AFFECTING ABILITY OF THE POPULATION TO SURVIVE ANDREPRODUCE...................................................................................................................42I. PREDATION....................................................................................................42II. COMPETITION
AND
DISEASE.....................................................................42III. EPHEMERAL
NATURE
OF
HABITAT.........................................................42NATURE, DEGREE, AND IMMEDIACY OF THREATS............................................46I. POST-FIRE
SALVAGE
LOGGING................................................................46II. FIRE
SUPPRESSION.......................................................................................49III. THINNING:
PRE-SUPPRESSION..................................................................53IV. PAST
LOSS
OF
OLD
FOREST
DUE
TO
LOGGING.....................................54V. CLIMATE
CHANGE.......................................................................................57IMPACT OF EXISTING MANAGEMENT....................................................................59I. SIERRA
NEVADA
FOREST
PLAN
AMENDMENT:
NATIONAL
FOREST
LANDS.............................................................................................................59II. CALIFORNIA
FOREST
PRACTICES
RULES:
PRIVATE
LANDS..............62III.
POST-FIRE
SALVAGE
(PUBLIC
AND
PRIVATE
LANDS)
LOGGING
OVER
THE
PAST
SEVEN
YEARS.................................................................64SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE MANAGEMENT........................................................70CONCLUSIONS...............................................................................................................71AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION..............................................72
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II. CALIFORNIA FOREST PRACTICES RULES: PRIVATE LANDS for BBWO-CESA-petition
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