Using Microsoft Excel with

Business Research Methods

By
William G. Zikmund
 TITLE BAR
MENU BAR
STANDARD TOOLBAR

FORMATTING TOOLBAR

FORMULA BAR

ACTIVE CELL
 PASTE FUNCTION
TOOLS MENU
 The Paste Function Provides
Numerous Statistical Operations
The Statistical Function Category
 Data Analysis
Dialog Box
• Click on “Tools”
• Select “Data Analysis”
• Select statistical operation
– such as Histogram
 Functions
• Functions are predefined formulas for
mathematical operations
• They perform calculations by using specific
values, called arguments
• Arguments indicate data or a range of cells
• Arguments are performed, in a particular
order, called the syntax.
 Functions
• Functions are predefined formulas for
mathematical operations
• They perform calculations by using specific
values, called arguments
• Arguments are performed, in a particular
order, called the syntax.
• For example, the SUM function adds values or
ranges of cells
 Easy to Use Paste Functions
• AVERAGE (MEAN)
• MEDIAN
• MODE
• SUM
• STANDARD DEVIATION
 Functions
• The syntax of a function begins with the
function name
• followed by an opening parenthesis
• the arguments for the function
• separated by commas
• a closing parenthesis.
• If the function starts a formula, an equal sign (=)
is typed before the function name.
 The Equal Sign Then The
Function Name And Arguments
• =FUNCTION (Argument1)
• =FUNCTION (Argument1,Argument2)
 Arguments
• Typical arguments are numbers, text,
arrays, and cell references.
• Arguments can also be constants, formulas,
or other functions.
 The AVERAGE Function
Located in the Statistical Category
 Data Array
• The data appear in cells A2 through 14
• A2:A14
• Sometimes written with dollars signs
• $A$2:$A$14
 Sum, Average, and Standard
Deviation
• =FUNCTION (Argument1)
• =SUM(A2:A9)
• =AVERAGE(A2:A9)
• =STDEVA(A2:A9)
 SUM Function
Sales Call Example

X  SUM ( A2 : A9)
 AVERAGE (Mean) Function
Sales Call Example

Xi
X  AVERAGE ( A2 : A9)
n
Standard Deviation Function
Sales Call Example

2
sx    x x 
n 1
 STDEVA ( A 2 : A 9 )
 Proportion
• =COUNT
• =COUNTIF
• DIVIDE COUNTIF BY COUNT
• =D3/D2
 Frequency Distributions
• There are alternative ways of constructing
frequency distributions
• COUNTIF function
• HISTOGRAM function
=COUNTIF(A6:A134,1)
=D4/D9*100
 Histogram Function
• Tools -Data Analysis-Histogram
• Bins
The bins are the
frequency categories
Insert Input and Bin Ranges
Text Labels Can Be Included or
Excluded From Input Range
The Chart Wizard
The Descriptive Statistics
Function
SEVERAL ROWS OF DATA ARE HIDDEN
SEVERAL ROWS OF DATA ARE HIDDEN
Correlation
 Correlation Coefficient, r = .75
Correlation: Player Salary and Ticket
Price

30
20 Change in Ticket
10 Price
0 Change in
-10 Player Salary
-20
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Regression Analysis