Science Project Summary (6)

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The scientific staff expressed
concern over how to handle the overwhelming amount of
agricultural produce in Taiwan.
Originally an agricultural based economy that has shifted
to an industrial based one, Taiwan now overproduces
agricultural produce that can be found in rice as well as in
traditional vegetable and fruit markets. However, even with
these traditional markets, effectively dealing with agricultural
overproduce is problematic. For agricultural overproduce in the
international community, the cellulose microbe can not curtail
food processing effectively, largely owing to the natural boundary
of enzyme production for a thermostable enzyme.
The cellulase in cultural heritage is subjected to hot stability,
which is insufficiently high; the enzyme yield is low as well.
Additionally, the natural boundary only has a small amount of
mold and actinomyceses for the cellulase. Therefore, owing to
that the natural boundary is not fast enough, agricultural
overproduce can not be processed efficiently.
(cont)
For instance, according to the Environmental Protection
Administration of the Republic of China, Taiwan has 6,000,000
tons of agricultural overproduce that must be processed annually.
However, this overproduce can not be processed entirely.
Taiwan has 2,300,000 tons of agricultural overproduce in rice,
while traditional vegetable and fruit markets generate 600,000
tons. Such overproduce can not be processed efficiently. The
inability to produce a thermostable enzyme would make it
impossible to handle the overwhelming amount of agricultural
produce in Taiwan, resulting in serious environmental pollution.
Therefore, we achieved the growth of
thermostable cellulases to understand whether streptomyces
inside the mutation stub are active for purposes of manufacturing
glucose in the food processing sector.
(cont)
Aleatoric mutation was achieved
using the prone error PCR method. Streptomyces were then
sieved by using a culture medium. Next, whether streptomyces
can be expressed in vitro was determined to identify the enzyme
activity of thermostable ecllulases by using the DNS method.
Analysis results indicated that the active
mutation stub can be sieved, subsequently increasing the
enzyme activity by 50%. This mutation stub is highly promising
for industrial applications in wastewater treatment and
manufacturing glucose for enzyme production.
Results of this study demonstrate that,
by using the prone error PCR method, mutation stub can be
used to eliminate agricultural waste byproducts. (NOTE : Add
2-4 more sentences that describe more thoroughly how the
proposed method contributes to a particular field or sector)

Our recent clinical effort
addressed how to more thoroughly understand the function
of CTAR2. Latent
membrane protein (LMPI) expressed in EBV-infected cells
is a major transforming protein. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is
a herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of the human
population, despite the fact that most carriers remain
asymptomatic. EBV, the causative agent of infectious
monucleosis, is associated with several human lymphoid
and epithelial malignancies, including Burkits lymphoma,
nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), T cell lymphoma and
Hodgkins disease. LMPI, an integral membrane protein
comprising 386 amino acids, consists of the N-terminus
cytoplasmic domain of twenty four amino acids, six
membrane-spanning domains of 162 amino acids, and a
long cytoplasmic C-terminus of 200 amino acids.
(cont)
The phosphorylation of LMPI plays a significant role in
regulating the function of LMPI. The C-terminus of LMPI, i.e. the main
domain engaging the intracellular signal transductions, can be
phosphorylated. The C-terminus contains several activating regions, i.e.
CTAR1, CTAR2, and CTAR3, that determine the biological functions of
the molecule. Although the function of CTAR2 has been extensively
studied, certain aspects require further consideration. For instance, LMPI
is known to activate at least seven signaling pathways. According to
previous studies, CTAR2 domains of LMPI activate around 75% of NT-
KB activity compared with full-length LMPI. Whether CTAR1 accounts
for the remaining 25% of NF-KB activity is unknown. The inability to
identify and characterize the remaining 25% function of CTAR1 prevents
us from thoroughly understanding how this versatile molecule
implements its function in EBV-induced transformation and, possibly,
preventing the development of potential therapeutic targets for EBV-
associated cancers.
(cont)
Therefore, we developed a model based on
analysis of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein in which C
terminus 204 and 206 are mutated. Based on those results, the
phosphorylation and ubiquitination of the mutated C terminus 204 and
206 can also be found on the NF-KB signal pathway.
The LMPI DNA was selected based on a colony technique.
The DNA was then analyzed in terms of protein expression by cell culture
and Western blotting. According to our results,
the proposed model can reduce phosphorylation on the NF-KB signal
pathway by 25%. By identifying
and characterizing LMPI-associated proteins, LMPI mediated signal
pathway and LMPI target genes provide further insight into how this
versatile molecule executes its function in EBV-induced transformation,
making it possible to develop potential therapeutic targets for EBV-
associated cancers. (NOTE : Add 2 sentences that describe more
thoroughly how the proposed method contributes to a particular field or
sector)
Further details can be found at
http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw