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THEME: MANAGEMENT AND CONTINUITY OF LIFE
LEARNING AREA: 1. RESPIRATIONLearningObjectivesSuggested Learning Activities Learning Outcomes Notes Vocabulary
1.1Analysing thehumanbreathingmechanism.Observe models or computersoftware to identify the structure ofthe human respiratory systemwhich consists of the nasal cavity,trachea, bronchus, lungs, ribs,diaphragm and the intercostalmuscles.Examine a model of a lung toidentify the bronchus, bronchioleand alveolus.Build a functional model of thehuman respiratory system to showthe relationship between the airpressure in the thoracic cavity andthe process of inhalation andexhalation.Discuss the breathing mechanism.A student is able to:
identify the structure of thehuman respiratory system,
identify the structure of thelung,
describe the process ofinhalation and exhalation,
relate the changes of airpressure in the thoracic cavityto inhalation and exhalation,
describe the breathingmechanism.The contractionand relaxation ofthe internal andexternal intercostalmuscles
are notrequired.
breathing mechanism – 
mekanisme pernafasan 
 exhalation – 
hembusan nafas 
inhalation – 
tarikan nafas 
 intercostal muscle – 
otot interkosta 
nasal cavity
– rongga nasal 
rib – 
tulang rusuk 
 thoracic cavity – 
rongga toraks 
 
 
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LearningObjectivesSuggested Learning Activities Learning Outcomes Notes Vocabulary
1.2Understandingthe transportof oxygen inthe humanbody.View a video or computer softwarethen gather and interpret data onthe following:a) diffusion of oxygen from thealveoli into the blood capillariesand from the blood capillariesinto the cells,b) transport of oxygen by the redblood cells in the form ofoxyhaemoglobin.A student is able to:
describe the diffusion of oxygenfrom the alveoli into the bloodcapillaries,
describe the transport of oxygenby blood,
describe the diffusion of oxygenfrom the blood capillaries intothe cells.diffusion – 
peresapan 
 1.3Realising theimportance ofa healthyrespiratorysystem.Collect and interpret data on thefollowing:a) substances that are harmful tothe respiratory system, i.e.nicotine and tar (from thesmoke of cigarettes), sulphurdioxide (from factories), andcarbon monoxide (from thesmoke of vehicles) and haze,b) effects of harmful substancessuch as toxin and carcinogenon the respiratory system,c) diseases of the respiratorysystem.A student is able to:
list the substances which areharmful to the respiratorysystem,
explain the effects of pollutantson the respiratory system,
list the diseases that affect therespiratory system,
practise good habits to improvethe quality of air.carcinogen – 
karsinogen 
toxin – 
bahan beracun 
 
 
 
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LearningObjectivesSuggested Learning Activities Learning Outcomes Notes Vocabulary
Carry out an activity to show theeffects of smoking on the lungs.Hold or visit an exhibition on theeffects of smoking and diseases ofthe lungs.Brainstorm ideas on how toimprove air quality and put theseideas into practice.
 
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Suhaida Mt Salleh

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reply03 / 31 / 2012
Loghendran Kokilan

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