Physics Module Form 4Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
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CHAPTER 1 :
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS1.1 Understanding Physics
By the end of this subtopic, you will be able to
Explain what physics is,
Recognise the physics in everyday objects and in natural phenomena.
What is physics ?
The word “Physics” is originated from the Greek word “
physikos
”.
In
physics
, we study natural phenomena and the properties of matter. The aim of physics is toexplain the fundamental nature of the universe by using the concept of physics.
Physics involves the conduct of studies and experiments to find anwers to the question ‘Why?’and ‘How?’ in relation to the mysteries of the universe.
The majority of natural phenomena can be explained using the principles of physics, for example;i) We cannot see an object behind a wall because light travels in a straight line.ii) The image of the pencil formed by the mirror is due to the reflection of light.
Fields of study in physics
The scope of physics very wide. Knowledge of physics is grouped into different fields of study asshown in figure 1.1.
1Mechanical Energy
Fields of study inphysics
Heat
- Studies theinfluence of heat ondifferent types of matter.
Electronics
- studies the use of electronic devices in
Force and motion
- investigates theaction of force andmotion
Forces and pressure
- pressure, pressure in liquids, gaspressure, atmospheric pressure,Pascal’s principle, Archimedes’principle, Bernoulli’s principle.
Light
- explains thedifferentphenomenon dueto light.
Waves
- understands the propertiesof different types of wavesand their uses.
Electricity and electromagnetism
- investigates theinteractions of electricand magnetic fields.
Electricity and electromagnetism
- investigates theinteractions of electricand magnetic fields
Physics Module Form 4Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
1.2 PHYSICAL QUANTITIESBase quantity
1 A physical quantity is ……………………………………………………………………..2. List examples of physical quantities in the box.3.The value of the measurements consists of a numerical magnitude and a unit.example : the length of a metre rule is 250 cm4. Physical quantities are categorized into
base quantities
and
derived quantities
.
5. Base quantities are physical quantities that cannot be
defined in terms of other physicalquantities.6. There are five base quantities ;
length, mass, time, current
and
temperature
Base quantity Symbol S.I. Unit Symbol for S.I. UnitLengthMassTimeCurrentTemperature
Derived quantities
2
The list of physical quantities :1. ……………………………………….2. ……………………………………….3. ……………………………………….4. ……………………………………….5. ……………………………………….6. ……………………………………….7. ……………………………………….8. ……………………………………….
battery
battery
physicalnumerical
unit
Physics Module Form 4Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
1 A derived quantity is …….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 Determine the derived unit for the following derived quantities.
DerivedquantityFormula Derived unitName of derived unit
area area = length x width m x m = m
2
– volume volume = length x width x heightm x m x m =m
3
– density
volumemassensityd
=
– velocity
timent displaceme elocityv
=
– momentum momentum = mass x velocity kg m s
-1
– Acceleration
timevelocityinchangeonaccelerati
=
– Force force = mass x acceleration kg m s
-2
Newton (N)pressure
areaforce pressure
=
weightweight = mass x gravitationalaccelerationwork work = force x displacementpower
timework power
=
kineticenergy
2
velocitymassK.E
××=
21potentialenergyP.E = mass x gravitational accelerationx height
Kg ms
-2
Joule (J)
charge charge = current x time
Ampere second (As)Coulomb (C)
Standard Form
3
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