Hidrogén

o
, Ni − kat .
C3H8 + 3 H2O 900
C → 3 CO + 7H2
o

C + H2O → CO + H2
1000 C

CO + H2O  → CO2 + H2

400 C , kat .

2Na + 2H2O = 2Na+ + 2OH– + H2

Ca + 2H2O = Ca(OH)2 + H2
Al + H2O ≠ (csak ha a védıréteget tartósan megbontjuk, pl HgCl2-dal)
Zn + H2O ≠
Zn + 2H+ = Zn2+ + H2
2Al + 6H+ = 2Al3+ + 3H2
Fe + 2H+ = Fe2+ + H2
Zn + 2OH– + 2H2O = [Zn(OH)4]2– + H2
2Al + 2OH– + 6H2O = 2[Al(OH)4]– + 3H2
Fe + OH– ≠
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
MnO4– + 5’H’ + 3H+ = Mn2+ + 4H2O
CuO + H2 = Cu + H2O
NaCl + ccH2SO4 = HCl↑ + NaHSO4
HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl–
NaBH4 + 4H2O = Na+ + OH– + H3BO3 + 4H2
CaH2 + 2H2O = Ca(OH)2 + 2H2
NaH + H2O = Na+ + OH– + H2

Halogének

MnO2 + 4HCl = MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O

Cl2 + 2Br– = 2Cl– + Br2
Cl2 + 2I– = 2Cl– + I2
2KBr + 3H2SO4 + MnO2 = Br2 + MnSO4 + 2KHSO4 + 2H2O
Br2 + 2I– = 2Br– + I2
2KI + 3H2SO4 + MnO2 = I2 + MnSO4 + 2KHSO4 + 2H2O

1
H2 + Cl2 = 2HCl
Cl2 + H2O H+ + Cl– + HOCl
Cl2 + 2OH– ClO– + Cl– + H2O
I2 + I– I3–
C10H16 + 8Cl2 = 10C + 16HCl
2Fe + 3Cl2 = 2FeCl3
2Sb + 3Cl2 = 2SbCl3
2Na + Cl2 = 2NaCl
Mg + Cl2 = MgCl2
2Fe + 3Br2 = 2FeBr3
2Al + 3Br2 = 2AlBr3
2Al + 3I2 = 2AlI3
H3AsO3 + I3– + H2O HAsO42– + 3I– + 4H+
I2 + Br2 2IBr
CaF2 + H2SO4 = H2F2↑ + CaSO4
2H2F2 + SiO2 = SiF4↑ + 2H2O
3I2 + 2P = 2PI3
PI3 + 3H2O = 3HI↑ + H3PO3
Ag+ + HI = AgI + H+
2HI H2 + I2
2 MnO4– + 10X– + 16H+ = 2 Mn2+ + 5X2 + 8H2O (X– = Cl–, Br–, I– )
cc. H2SO4 + 2X– + 2H+ = X2 + SO2↑ + 2H2O (X– = Br–, I– )
2Fe3+ + 2X– = X2 + 2Fe2+ (X– = I– )
Ag+ + X– AgX (X– = Cl–, Br–, I– )
Ba2+ + 2F– BaF2
2AgX (+ fény) = 2Ag + X2
AgX + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + X– (X– = Cl– )
AgX + 2S2O32– [Ag(S2O3)2]3– + X– (X– = Cl– , Br– )
AgX + 2CN– [Ag(CN)2]– + X– (X– = Cl– , Br– , I– )
Fe3+ + xSCN– [Fe(SCN)x](3–x)+
[Fe(SCN)x](3–x)+ + 5F– [FeF5]2– + xSCN–
[Co(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl– [CoCl4]2– + 6H2O
SnCl4 + 2Cl– [SnCl6]2–

2
Hg2+ + 2I– = HgI2
HgI2 + 2I– [HgI4]2–
BrO3– + 5Br– + 6H+ = 3Br2 + 3H2O
BrO3– + 6I– + 6H+ = 3I2 + Br– + 3H2O
Br2 + CH3COCH3 = CH3COCH2Br + H+ + Br–
I2 + CH3COCH3 = CH3COCH2I + H+ + I–
HgO + 2Cl2 = Cl2O↑ + HgCl2
3KClO3 + 3H2SO4 = 2 ClO2↑ + HClO4 + 3KHSO4 + H2O
3HIO3 = I2O5 + H2O
2I2O5 hevítés
→ 2I2 + 5O2
Ag2O + 2X– + 2H+ = 2AgX + H2O
HgO + 4X– + 2H+ = [HgX4]2– + H2O
Cl2O + H2O = 2HOCl
X2 + 2OH– OX– + X– + H2O
3OX– XO3– + 2X–
2OX– = O2 + 2X–
2Mn2+ + 5OCl– + 6OH– = 2MnO4– + 5Cl– + 3H2O
IO3– + OCl– = IO4– + Cl–
H2C2O4 + HOCl = 2CO2 + Cl– + H2O + H+
NH3 + 3HOCl = NCl3 + 3H2O
2NH3 + 3OBr– = N2 + 3Br– + 3H2O
2I– + HOCl = I2 + Cl– + OH–
I2 + 5HOCl + H2O = 2IO3– + 5Cl– + 7H+
H2S + HOCl = S + Cl– + H+ + H2O
S + 3HOCl + H2O = SO42– + 3Cl– + 5H+
3HClO3 = HClO4 + Cl2 + 2O2 + H2O
3HClO3 = HClO4 + 2ClO2↑ + H2O
4HBrO3 = 2Br2 + 5O2 + 2H2O
XO3– + 5e– + 6H+ → X2 + 3H2O
XO3– + 5X– + 6H+ = 3X2 + 3H2O
ClO3– + 6I– + 6H+ = 3I2 + Cl– + 3H2O
XO3– + 3HSO3– = X– + 3SO42– + 3H+ (XO3– = BrO3– , IO3– )
2XO3– + 5H2S + 2H+ = X2 + 5S + 6H2O (X = Br, I)

3
H2S + Br2 = 2Br– + S + 2H+
6BrO3– + 5S + 2H2O = 3Br2 + 5SO42– + 4H+
IO3– + 2H2O2 + HOOC–CH2–COOH + H+ = HOOC–CHI–COOH + 2O2 + 3H2O
IO3– + 2H2O2 + H+ = HOI + 2O2 + 2H2O
HOI + HOOC–CH2–COOH = HOOC–CHI–COOH + H2O
HOI + H2O2 = O2 + I– + H2O + H+
2OI– = O2 + 2I–
2I– + H2O2 + 2 H+ = I2 + 2H2O
IO3– + 5I– + 6H+ = 3I2 + 3H2O
4KClO3 = KCl + 3KClO4
KClO4 = KCl + 2O2
2KClO3 = 2KCl + 3O2
Ag+ + IO3– = AgIO3
Ba2+ + 2IO3– = Ba(IO3)2
ClO4– + 2I– + 2H+ = ClO3– + I2 + H2O
K+ + ClO4– = KClO4 (csak tömény oldatból)
2NH4ClO4 = N2 + Cl2 + 2O2 + 4H2O
5IO4– + 2Mn2+ + 3H2O = 2MnO4– + 5IO3– + 6H+

Oxigén

2KMnO4 = K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

vagy. 6KMnO4 = K2MnO4 + 5MnO2 + 2K2O + 4O2
vagy. 10KMnO4 = K2MnO4 + 9MnO2 + 4K2O + 7O2
2HgO = 2Hg + O2
Ag2O + H2O2 = Ag + O2 + H2O
2Na + O2 = Na2O2
S + O2 = SO2
2KMnO4 = K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
C + O2 = CO2
4Fe + 3O2 = 2Fe2O3
O3 + 2I– + 2H+ = O2 + I2 + H2O
H2S + 4O3 = H2SO4 + 4O2

4
Pb(OH)2 + O3 = PbO2 + O2 + H2O
4KOH + 4O3 = 4KO3 + O2 + 2H2O
2KO3 = 2KO2 + O2
2H2O2 = 2H2O + O2
2Ag+ + 2OH– = Ag2O + H2O
Ag2O + H2O2 = 2Ag + O2 + H2O
2 Fe3+ + H2O2 = 2Fe2+ + O2 + 2H+
2 Fe2+ + H2O2 + 2H+ = 2Fe3+ + 2H2O
•
Fe2+ + H2O2 = Fe3+ + OH + OH– (Fenton-reakció)
Fe3+ + H2O2 = Fe2+ + HO2 + H+
Fe3+ + HO2 = Fe2+ + O2 + H+
3H2O2 + 2Cr3+ + 10OH– = 2CrO42– + 8H2O
3H2O2 + Cr2O72– + 8H+ = 2Cr3+ + 3O2 + 7H2O
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2I– I2 + 2H2O
– –
I + H2O2 = IO + H2O
IO– + H2O2 = I– + H2O + O2
5H2O2 + 2MnO4– + 6H+ = 5O2 + 2Mn2+ + 8H2O
O22– + 2H2O 2OH– + H2O2
[TiO(H2O)5]2+ + H2O2 [Ti(O2)OH(H2O)3]+ + H2O + H+
2H2O H3O+ + OH–
I2O5 + H2O 2{HIO3} 2H+ + 2IO3–
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH–
CrO3 + H2O {H2CrO4} 2H+ + CrO42–
[Fe(H2O)4(µ-OH)2Fe(H2O)4]4+ + 4OH– 2Fe(OH)3 + 8H2O
[Zn(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH– Zn(OH)2 + 6H2O
Zn(OH)2 + 2OH– [Zn(OH)4]2–

Kén, szelén

S2O32– + 2 H+ ↔ {H2S2O3} ↔ SO2 + S + H2O

Fe + S ↔ FeS
FeS + 2 H+ ↔ Fe2+ + H2S
2 S + Cl2 = S2Cl2

5
2 H2S + 3 O2 = 2 H2O + 2 SO2
Pb2+ + H2S ↔ PbS + 2 H+
Cd2+ + H2S ↔ CdS + 2 H+
2 Fe3+ + H2S = 2 Fe2+ + S + 2 H+
Mn2+ + S2– ↔ MnS
2 Fe3+ + 3 S2– = 2 FeS + S
2 Fe3+ + 3 OH– ↔ Fe(OH)3
H2S + I2 = S + 2 I– + 2 H+
5 H2S + 2 MnO4– + 6 H+ = 2 Mn2+ + 5 S + 8 H2O
3 H2S + 2 HNO3 = 3 S + 2 NO↑ + 4 H2O
S + 2 HNO3 = SO42– + 2 NO↑ + 2 H+
2 H2S + HSO3– + H+ = 3 S + 3 H2O
(NH4)2S + (x–1) S = (NH4)2Sx
(NH4)2Sx + 2 HCl = (x–1) S + H2S + 2 NH4Cl
2 Mg + SO2 = 2 MgO + S
4 P + 5 SO2 = P4O10 + 5 S
PbO2 + SO2 = PbSO4
2 SO2 + O2 ↔ 2 SO3
SO52– + H2O = H2O2 + SO42–
S2O82– + H2O = SO52– + SO42– + 2 H+
SO42– + 8 ’H’ + 2 H+ = H2S + H2O
2 S2O32– + I3– = S4O62– + 3 I–
HSO3– + I3– + H2O = SO42– + 3 I– + 3 H+
H2SO4 + 2 I– + 2 H+ = SO2 + I2 + 2 H2O
HSO5– + 2 I– + 3 H+ = H2SO4 + I2 + H2O
S2O32– + 4 Br2 + 5 H2O = 2 SO42– + 8 Br– + 10 H+
5 HSO5– + 2 MnO4– + H+ = 5 SO42– + 5 O2 + 2 Mn2+ + 3 H2O
5 HSO3– + 2 MnO4– + H+ = 5 SO42– + 2 Mn2+ + 3 H2O
S2O82– + Mn2+ + 3 H2O = MnO(OH)2 + 2 SO42– + 4 H+
5 S2O82– + 2 Mn2+ + 8 H2O (+ Ag+) = 2 MnO4– + 10 SO42– + 16 H+ (+ Ag+)
3 HSO3– + IO3– = I– + 3 SO42– + 3 H+
IO3– + 5 I– + 6 H+= 3 I2 + 3 H2O
I2 + HSO3– + H2O = 2 I– + SO42– + 3 H+

6
C12H22O11 = 12 C + 11 H2O
2 H2SO4 + C = CO2 + 2 SO2 + 2 H2O
Cu + H2SO4 + 2 H+ = Cu2+ + SO2 + 2 H2O
2 [Ag(SO3)2]3– + H2O = 2 Ag + SO42– + 3 SO32– + 2 H+
Ag2S2O3 + H2O = AgS + SO42– + 2 H+
2 Fe3+ + 2 S2O32– ↔ 2 [Fe(S2O3)]+ = 2 Fe2+ + S4O62–
HSeO3– + 2 H2S + H+ = Se + 2 S + 3 H2O
H2SeO4 + 2 HCl = H2SeO3 + Cl2 + H2O
H2SeO3 + 2 SO2 + H2O = Se + 2 SO42– + 4 H+
S2– + x Se = SSex2–

Nitrogén, foszfor

NH4+ + NO2– = N2 + 2 H2O

NH4+ + (Cl–) + (Na+) + OH– ↔ NH3 + (Cl–) + (Na+) + H2O
HCl + NH3 = NH4Cl
Ba(OH)2 + NH4NO3 = Ba(NO3)2 + NH3 + H2O
Mg2+ + 2 NH3 + 2 H2O ↔ Mg(OH)2 + 2 NH4+
OH– + NH4+ ↔ H2O + NH3
Zn2+ + 2 NH3 + 2 H2O ↔ Zn(OH)2 + 2 NH4+
Cu2+ + SO42– + 2 NH3 + 2 H2O ↔ [Cu(OH)2Cu]SO4 + 2 NH4+
Zn(OH)2 + 4 NH3 ↔ [Zn(NH3)4]2+ + 2 OH–
[Cu(OH)2Cu]SO4 + 8 NH3 ↔ 2 [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2 OH– + 2 SO42–
NH4NO3 = N2O↑ + 2 H2O
C + 2 N2O = 2 N2 + CO2
S + 2 N2O = 2 N2 + SO2
3 Cu + 2 HNO3 + 6 H+ = 2 NO + 4 H2O + 3 Cu2+
2 NO + O2 = 2 NO2
4 P + 10 NO = 5 N2 + P4O10
2 HNO3 + As2O3 + 2 H2O = N2O3 + 2 H3AsO4
N2O3 + H2O = 2 HNO2
2 Pb(NO3)2 = 2 PbO + 4 NO2 + O2
4 NO2 + H2O = HNO2 + H+ + NO3–

7
2 HNO2 + 2 I– + 2 H+ = 2 NO + I2 + 2 H2O
2 HNO2 ↔ NO + NO2 + H2O
2 NO2– + 2 I– + 4 H+ = 2 NO + I2 + H2O
Fe2+ + NO2– + 2 H+ = Fe3+ + NO + H2O
3 Fe2+ + NO3– + 4 H+ = 3 Fe3+ + NO + 2 H2O
NO2– + 3 Zn + 5 OH– + 5 H2O = NH3 + 3 [Zn(OH)4]2–
NO3– + 4 Zn + 7 OH– + 6 H2O = NH3 + 4 [Zn(OH)4]2–
NO3– + Zn + 2 H+ = NO2– + Zn2+ + H2O
2 MnO4– + 5 HNO2 + H+ = 2 Mn2+ + 5 NO3– + 3 H2O
5 HNO2 + H2S = S + 2 NO + 2 H2O
S + 6 HNO2 = SO42– + 6 NO + 2 H2O + 2 H+
4 P + 5 O2 = P4O10
P4O10 + 6 H2O = 4 H3PO4
P4 + 3 OH– + 3 H2O = 3 H2PO2– + PH3↑
4 H3PO3 = 3 H3PO4 + PH3↑
H2PO3– + 2 Ag+ + H2O ↔ H2PO4– + 2 Ag + 2 H+
H2PO3– + I3– + H2O ↔ H2PO4– + 3 I– + 2 H+
Mg2+ + NH3 + HPO42– ↔ Mg(NH4)PO4
3 Ag+ + PO43– ↔ Ag3PO4
3 Ag+ + HPO42– ↔ Ag3PO4 + H+
3 Ag+ + H2PO4– ↔ Ag3PO4 + 2 H+
Fe3+ + 3 H2PO4– ↔ [Fe(HPO4)3]3– + 3 H+
12 MoO42– + 3 NH4+ + H3PO4 + 21 H+ ↔ (NH4)3[P(Mo3O10)4] + 12 H2O

Arzén, antimon és bizmut

2 As2O3 + 3 C = 4 As + 3 CO2
As + HNO3 + H2O = H3AsO3 + NO
As2O3 + 3 H2O ↔ 2 H3AsO3
As2O3 + 2 H+ + H2O ↔ 2 [As(OH)2]+
As2O3 + 2 OH– + H2O ↔ 2 H2AsO3–
[SbCl4] – + H2O ↔ SbOCl + 2H+ + 3 Cl–
[SbCl6] – + 2 H2O ↔ SbO2Cl + 4 H+ + 5 Cl–

8
Bi3+ + H2O + 3 Cl– ↔ BiOCl + 2HCl
[SbCl6] – + 4 OH – ↔ SbO(OH)3 + H+ + 6 Cl–
SbO(OH)3 + H2O + OH– ↔ [Sb(OH)6]–
[Sb(OH)6]– + Na+ ↔ Na[Sb(OH)6]
[SbCl4] – + 3 OH – ↔ Sb(OH)3 + 4 Cl–
Sb(OH)3 + OH– ↔ [Sb(OH)4]–
Bi3+ + 3 OH – ↔ Bi(OH)3
Bi(OH)3 + OH – ≠
2 H3AsO3 + 3 H2S ↔ As2S3 + 6 H2O
As2S3 + 3 S2– ↔ 2 AsS33–
As2S3 + 4 OH – ↔ H2AsO3– + AsS33– + H2O
H3AsO4 + H2S = H3AsO3 + S + H2O
2 [SbCl4] – + 3 H2S ↔ Sb2S3 + 6 H+ + 8 Cl–
Sb2S3 + 6 H+ + 8 Cl– ↔ 2 [SbCl4] – + 3 H2S
Sb2S3 + 3 S2– ↔ 2 SbS33–
Sb2S3 + 4 OH – ↔ SbS33– + [Sb(OH)4]–
2 [SbCl6] – + 5 H2S = Sb2S3 + 2 S + 10 HCl
2 [SbCl6] – + 5 H2S ↔ Sb2S5 + 10 H+ + 12 Cl–
2 Bi3+ + 3 H2S ↔ Bi2S3 + 6 H+
2 H3AsO3 + 3 Zn + 6 H+ = 2 As + 3 Zn2+ + 6 H2O
H3AsO3 + 6 ‘H’ = 3H2O + AsH3
2 [SbCl4] – + 3 Zn = 2 Sb + 3 Zn2+ + 8 Cl–
[SbCl4] – + ‘H’ = SbH3 + 3H+ + 4 Cl–
AsH3 + 6 AgNO3 + 3 H2O = 6 Ag + H3AsO3 + 6 HNO3
2 [AsCl4]– + 3 [SnCl4]2– = 2 As + 3 [SnCl6]2– + 2 Cl–
2 Bi(OH)3 + 3 [Sn(OH)3]– + OH– ↔ 2 Bi + 3 [Sn(OH)6]2–
H3AsO3 + I3– + H2O ↔ HAsO42– + 3 I– + 4 H+
[SbCl6] – + 3 I– = [SbCl4] – + I3– + 2 Cl–
5 [SbCl4] – + 2 MnO4– + 16 H+ + 10 Cl– = 5 [SbCl6] – + 2 Mn2+ + 8 H2O
5 H3AsO3 + 2 MnO4– + 3 H+ = 5 H2AsO4– + 2 Mn2+ + 3 H2O
Bi(OH)3 + OCl– ↔ BiO2(OH) + Cl– + H2O
5 BiO2(OH) + 2 Mn2+ + 9 H+ ↔ 5 Bi3+ + 2 MnO4– + 7 H2O
H3AsO3 + 3 Ag+ ↔ Ag3AsO3 + 3 H+

9
Bi3+ + 3 I– ↔ BiI3
BiI3 + I– ↔ [BiI4] –
HAsO42– + Mg2+ + NH4+ ↔ Mg(NH4)AsO4 + H+
H3AsO3 + 12 MoO42– + 21 H+ + 3 NH4+ ↔ (NH4)3[As(Mo3O10)4] + 12 H2O

Szén és szilícium

SnO2 + C = Sn + CO2
2PbO + C = 2Pb + CO2
CaC2 + 2H2O = H2C2 + Ca(OH)2
2C + O2 2CO
C + O2 CO2
2CO C + CO2
2HCOONa + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + 2CO + 2H2O
HCOOH → CO + H2O
Fe2O3 + CO = 2FeO + CO2
FeO + CO = Fe + CO2
CuCl + CO Cu(CO)Cl
H2CO3 CO2 + H2O
H2CO3 HCO3– + H+
HCO3– CO32– + H+
2Mg + CO2 = 2MgO + C
Pb(NO3)2 + H2S PbS + 2H+ + 2NO3–
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O
Ba(OH)2 + CO2 BaCO3 + H2O
CO2 + H2O + S2– H2S + CO32–
MCO3 + CO2 + H2O M2+ + 2HCO3–
2Cu2+ + 4CN– (CN)2 + 2CuCN
Cu2+ + 2SCN– Cu(SCN)2
Cu(SCN)2 + 2SCN– [Cu(SCN)4]2–
2[Cu(SCN)4]2– = (SCN)2↑ + 2CuSCN + 4SCN–
KCN + H+ HCN↑ + K+
Fe(OH)2 + 6CN– [Fe(CN)6]4– + 2OH–

10
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3
4Fe3+ + 3[Fe(CN)6]4– Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
3Fe2+ + 2[Fe(CN)6]3– Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2
Fe2+ + [Fe(CN)6]3– Fe3+ + [Fe(CN)6]4–
CN– + (NH4)2Sx SCN– + (NH4)2Sx–1
Fe3+ + xSCN– [Fe(SCN)x](x–3)–
2MnO4– + 3CN– + 3H2O = 2MnO(OH)2 + 3OCN– + 2OH–
SCN– + 4Br2 + 4H2O = BrCN + 7Br– + SO42– + 8H+
CN– + Br2 = BrCN + Br–
BrCN + 2I– Br– + CN– + I2
BrCN + 2OH– Br– + OCN– + H2O
Ag+ + SCN– AgSCN
AgSCN + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + SCN–
Ag+ + 2CN– [Ag(CN)2]–
[Ag(CN)2]– + AgNO3 2AgCN + NO3–
SiO2 + 2Mg = Si + 2MgO
2Mg + Si = Mg2Si
3Mg + N2 = Mg3N2
Mg2Si + 4HCl = SiH4↑ + 2MgCl2
SiH4 + 2O2 = SiO2 + 2H2O
Mg3N2 + 8HCl = 2NH4Cl + 3MgCl2
Si + 2OH– + H2O = SiO32– + 2H2
SiO2 + 2NaOH = Na2SiO3 + H2O
SiO32– + 2H+ H2SiO3
H2SiO3 + 12HMoO4– + 8H+ [Si(Mo3O10)4]4– + 11H2O

Ón és ólom

Pb(CH3COO)2 + Zn = Pb + Zn(CH3COO)2
Sn + dil HCl = –
Sn + 3 HCl (forró, tömény) = [SnCl3]– + H2 + H+
Pb + 2 HCl = –
Pb + H2SO4 = –

11
4 Sn + 10 HNO3 = NH4NO3 + 4 Sn2+ + 8 NO3– + 3 H2O
Pb + 4 HNO3 = 2 NO2 + Pb2+ + 2 NO3– + 2 H2O (sav töménységétıl függıen)
3 Pb + 8 HNO3 = 3 Pb(NO3)2 + 2 NO + 4 H2O (sav töménységétıl függıen)
Sn + 2NaOH + 4H2O = [Sn(OH)6] 2– + 2H2 + 2 Na+
Pb + 2 NaOH + 2 H2O = [Pb(OH)4] 2– + H2 + 2 Na+
SnCl2 + H2O Sn(OH)Cl + HCl
SnCl2 + 2 OH– Sn(OH)2 + 2 Cl–
Sn(OH)2 + OH– [Sn(OH)] –
[SnCl6] 2– + 4 OH– + (n–2) H2O SnO2×nH2O + 6 Cl–
SnO2×nH2O + 2 OH– [Sn(OH)6] 2– + (n–2) H2O
Pb2+ + 2 OH– Pb(OH)2
Pb(OH)2 + 2 OH– [Pb(OH)4] 2–
SnCl2 + H2S SnS + 2HCl
[SnCl6] 2– + 2H2S SnS2 + 4 H+ + 6 Cl–
Pb2+ + H2S PbS + 2 H+
SnS + (NH4)2S = –
SnS + S22– SnS32–
SnS + Sx2– SnS32– + (x–2) S
SnS32– + 2HCl SnS2 + H2S + 2 Cl–
SnS2 + (NH4)2S SnS32– + 2 NH4+
SnS2 + (NH4)2Sx SnS32– + 2 NH4+ + (NH4)2 Sx–1
3PbS + 2NO3– + 8H+ = 3Pb2+ + 2NO + 3S + 4H2O
Pb2+ + 2I– = PbI2
PbI2 + 2I– [PbI4] 2–
Pb2+ + 2Cl– = PbCl2
PbCl2 + 2 Cl– [PbCl4] 2–
Pb2+ + H2SO4 PbSO4 + 2H+
PbSO4 + 4 OH– [Pb(OH)4]2– + SO42–
Pb2+ + CrO42– = PbCrO4
PbCrO4 + 4 OH– [Pb(OH)4]2– + CrO42–
SnCl2 + Zn + (H+) = Sn + ZnCl2 + (H+)
SnCl2 + 6 ‘H’ = SnH4 + 2 HCl
Pb2+ + MnO4– = –

12
5 SnCl2 + 2 MnO4– + 16 H+ + 20 Cl– = 5 [SnCl6] 2– + 2 Mn2+ + 8 H2O
Pb2+ + 2 I3– = PbI2 + 2 I2
SnCl2 + I3– + 4 Cl– = [SnCl6] 2– + 3 I–
SnCl2 + HgCl2 + 2 Cl– [SnCl6] 2– + Hg2Cl2
Hg2Cl2 + SnCl2 + 2 Cl– [SnCl6] 2– + 2 Hg

Pb(OH)2 + OCl– = PbO2 + Cl– + H2O

5 PbO2 + 2 Mn2+ + 4 H+ = 2 MnO4– + 5 Pb2+ + 2 H2O

Bór, alumínium

4 B + 3 O2 = 2 B2O3
2 Al + Fe2O3 = Al2O3 + 2 Fe
2 Al + 3 O2 = Al2O3
2Al + 6 H2O = 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2 (csak ha a védıréteget tartósan megbontjuk, pl HgCl2–dal)
2 B + 3 Cl2 = 2 BCl3
2 BCl3 + 3 H2O = H3BO3 + 3 HCl
AlCl3 + 3 H2O = Al(OH)3 + 3 HCl
2Al + 6H+ = 2Al3+ + 3H2 (dil HCl és dil HNO3 )
Al + cc. HNO3 ≠ (passziválja)
2Al + 2OH– + 6 H2O = 2[Al(OH)4]– + 3H2
2 NaBH4 + I3– = B2H6 + 2 Na+ + 3 I– + H2
B2H6 + 6 H2O = 2 H3BO3 + 6 H2
H3BO3 + H2O [B(OH)4]– + H+
4 H3BO3 + 2 NaCl = Na2B4O7 + 2 HCl + 5 H2O
Ag+ + [B(OH)4]– = Ag[B(OH)4]
Ba2+ + 2 [B(OH)4]– = Ba[B(OH)4]2
Al3+ + 3 OH– Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3 + OH– [Al(OH)4]–
Al(OH)3 + 6 NaF Na3[AlF6] + 3 NaOH
Na2[B4O5(OH)4]×8H2O + 2 HCl = 4 H3BO3 + 2 NaCl + H2O

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Alkálifémek, alkáliföldfémek

2Na + 2H2O = 2NaOH + H2

2Na + Cl2 = 2 NaCl
Mg + CuO = MgO + Cu
MgO + 2 HCl = MgCl2 + H2O
Cu + dilHCl = –
2Na + O2 = Na2O2
Na2O2 + 2H2O = 2NaOH + H2O2
2H2O2 = 2H2O + O2
4Li + O2 = 2Li2O
K + O2 = KO2
2 Ca + O2 = 2 CaO
CaO + H2O = Ca(OH)2
3 Ca + N2 = Ca3N2
Ca3N2 + 6 H2O = 3 Ca(OH)2 + 2 NH3
NaCl + NH3 + H2O + CO2 NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
2 NaHCO3 + (hı) = Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 = CaCO3 + H2O
CaCO3 (+ hı) = CaO + CO2
MgCO3 (+ hı) = MgO + CO2
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 = Ca(OCl)Cl + H2O
Ca(OCl)Cl + CO2 = CaCO3 + Cl2
Ca(OCl)Cl + 2HCl = CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
Ca(OCl)Cl + H2O2 = CaCl2 + O2 + H2O
Cl2 + 2 I– = 2 Cl– + I2
LiCl + K2Fe(IO)6 = LiKFe(IO)6 + KCl
Li+ + K[Sb(OH)6] = Li[Sb(OH)6] + K+
2Na+ + 3Zn(CH3COO)2 + 6UO2(CH3COO)2 = 2NaZn(UO2)3(CH3COO)9 + Zn2+
K+ + (COOH)(CHOH)2(COONa) = (COOH)(CHOH)2(COOK) + Na+
3K+ + Na3[Co(NO2)6] = K3[Co(NO2)6] + 3Na+
K+ + Na[B(C6H5)4] = K[B(C6H5)4] + Na+

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K+ + HClO4 = KClO4 + H+
3LiCl + Na2HPO4 + NaOH = Li3PO4 + 3NaCl + H2O
LiCl + (NH4)2CO3 = Li2CO3 + 2NH4Cl
Mg2+ + 2OH– = Mg(OH)2
Mg(OH)2 + 2OH– = –
Mg2+ + 2NH4OH = Mg(OH)2 + 2NH4+
Mg2+ + NH4OH + NH4Cl + Na2HPO4 = MgNH4PO4 + 2NH4Cl + H2O + 2Na+
4Mg2+ + 3Na2CO3 + 5H2O = Mg(OH)2x3MgCO3x3H2O + 6Na+ + 2H+
Ca2+ + CO32– = CaCO3
CaCO3 + H2CO3 = Ca(HCO3)2
Ca2+ + SO42– = CaSO4
CaSO4 + SO42– = Ca(SO4)22–
Ca2+ + (COO)22– = Ca(COO)2
Ca2+ + CrO42– = –
Sr2+ + CO32– = SrCO3
Sr2+ + H2SO4 = SrSO4 + 2H+
Sr2+ + CaSO4 = SrSO4 + Ca2+
Sr2+ + (NH4)2(COO)2 = Sr(COO)2 + 2NH4+
Sr(COO)2 + 2HCl = SrCl2 + (COOH)2
Sr2+ + CrO42– = SrCrO4
2SrCrO4 + 2H+ + 2CH3COO– = 2Sr2+ + Cr2O72– + 2CH3COO–
Ba2+ + CO32– = BaCO3
Ba2+ + SO42– = BaSO4
Ba2+ + (COO)22– = Ba(COO)2
Ba2+ + CrO42– = BaCrO4

Átmeneti fémek – jegyzet

2CuO + C = 2Cu + CO2

Fe(COO)2 + H2 = Fe + CO + CO2 + H2O
Cu2+ + Fe = Cu + Fe2+
Cu + cc 2 H2SO4 = CuSO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O
2 Zn + O2 = 2 ZnO

15
2 Fe + 6 H+ = 2 Fe3+ + 3 H2
Zn + 2 H+ = 2 Zn2+ + H2
Zn + 2OH– + 2H2O = [Zn(OH)4]2– + H2
2 Cr(OH)4– + 3 OCl– + 2 OH– = 2 CrO42– + 3 Cl– + 5 H2O
4 Mn2+ + MnO4– + 8 H+ = 5 Mn3+ + 4 H2O
2 Mn3+ + 4 H2O = Mn2+ + MnO2 + 4 H+
Mn(OH)2 + OCl– = MnO(OH)2 + Cl–
MnO(OH)2 + 6 Cl– + 4 H+ = [MnCl6]2– + 3 H2O
2 MnO4– + 4 OH– = 2 MnO43– + O2 + 5 H2O
2 MnO43– + 2 H2O = MnO2 + MnO42– + 4 OH–
2 Fe3+ + 3 OBr– + 10 OH– = 2 FeO42– + 3 Br– + 5 H2O
TiO2+ + OH– + n–1 H2O ↔ TiO2×nH2O
TiO2×nH2O + 2 OH– ↔ [Ti(OH)6]2– + n–2 H2O
Mn+ + n OH– ↔ M(OH)n
M(OH)n + OH– ↔ [M(OH)4](4–n)–
Co(OH)2 + 2 OH– ↔ [Co(OH)4]2–
Cu(OH)2 + 2 OH– ↔ [Cu(OH)4]2–
Mn(OH)2 + OCl– = MnO(OH)2 + Cl–
2 Fe(OH)2 + OCl– + H2O = 2 Fe(OH)3 + Cl–
2 Co(OH)2 + OCl– + H2O = 2 Co(OH)3 + Cl–
2 Ni(OH)2 + OCl– + H2O = 2 Ni(OH)3 + Cl–
HgCl2 + 2 OH– ↔ HgO + 2 Cl– + H2O
Hg22+ + OH– ↔ HgO + Hg + H2O
HgCl2 + NH3 ↔ Hg(NH2)Cl + NH4+ + Cl–
Mn+ + 4 NH3×H2O ↔ M(OH)n + 4 NH4+
M(OH)n + x NH3×H2O ↔ [M(NH3)x]n+ + 4 OH– + x H2O
Co2+ + NH3×H2O + 2 Cl– ↔ Co(OH)Cl + NH4Cl
Co(OH)Cl + 6 NH3×H2O ↔ [Co(NH3)6]2+ + OH– + Cl– + 6 H2O
2 Cu2+ + SO42– + NH3×H2O ↔ [Cu2(OH)2]SO4 + 2 NH4+
[Cu2(OH)2]SO4 + 8 NH3×H2O ↔ 2 [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2 OH– + SO42– + 8 H2O
Ag+ + 2 NH3×H2O ↔ [Ag(NH3)2]+ + 2 H2O
3 CuS + 2 NO3– + 8 H+ ↔ 3 Cu2+ + 3 S + 2 NO↑ +4 H2O
3 Ag2S + 2 NO3– + 8 H+ ↔ 6 Ag+ + 3 S + 2 NO↑ + 4 H2O

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CdS + 2 H+ ↔ Cd2+ + H2S
HgS + S2– ↔ [HgS2]2–
TiO2+ + 2 (NH4)2S + n–1 H2O ↔ TiO2×n H2O + 4 NH4+ + 2 HS–
Cr3+ + 3 (NH4)2S + 3 H2O ↔ Cr(OH)3 + 6 NH4+ + 3 HS–
2 Fe3+ + 3 (NH4)2S = S + 2 FeS + 6 NH4+
2 Fe3+ + H2S = S + 2 Fe2+ + 2 H+
2 MnO4– + 5 H2S + 6 H+ = 2 Mn2+ + 5 S + 8 H2O
Cr2O72– + 3 H2S + 8 H+ = 2 Cr3+ + 3 S + 7 H2O
MoO42– + 4 (NH4)2S + 4 H2O ↔ MoS42– + 8 OH– + 8 NH4+
VO3– + 3 (NH4)2S + 3 H2O ↔ VS3– + 6 OH– + 6 NH4+
MoS42– + 2 H+ ↔ MoS3 + H2S
2 VS3– + 2 H+ ↔ V2S5 + H2S
Cr2O72– + 4 H2O2 + 2 H+ ↔ 2 CrO(O2)2 + 5 H2O
Cr2O72– + 3 H2O2 + 8 H+ = 2 Cr3+ + 3 O2 + 5 H2O
2 K2CrO4 + 9 H2O2 + 2 KOH = 2 K3[Cr(O2)4] + 10 H2O + O2
2 NaCl + 2 H2SO4 + K2CrO4 = CrO2Cl2 + Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + 2 H2O
2 CrO2Cl2 + 3 H2O = Cr2O72– + 4 Cl– + 6 H+
[Ti(O2)(OH)]+ + 6 F– ↔ [TiF6]2– + O22– + OH–
[Fe(SCN)n](3–n)+ + 6 F– ↔ [FeF6]3– + n SCN–
Fe3+ + 6 Cl– ↔ [FeCl6]3–
Co2+ + 4 Cl– ↔ [CoCl4]2–
Cu2+ + 4 Cl– ↔ [CuCl4]2–
Cu + [CuCl4]2– = 2 [CuCl2]–
[CuCl2]– ↔ CuCl + Cl–
Hg2+ + 2 I– ↔ HgI2
HgI2 + 2I– ↔ [HgI4]2–
Ag+ + I– ↔ AgI
AgI + I– ↔ [AgI2]–
Ni(OH)2 + 4 CN– ↔ [Ni(CN)4]2– + 2 OH–
CoCl(OH) + 6 CN– ↔ [Co(CN)6]4– + OH– + Cl–
[Ni(CN)4]2– + S2– = NiS + 4 CN–
[Co(CN)6]4–– + S2– = CoS + 6 CN–
[Fe(CN)6]4–– + S2– = FeS + 6 CN–

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Fe3+ + n SCN– ↔ [Fe(SCN)n](3–n)+
Co2+ + n SCN– ↔ [Co(SCN)n](2–n)+
[Fe(SCN)n](3–n)+ + 5 F– = [FeF5]2– + n SCN–
[Co(SCN)n](2–n)+ + n F– = –
[SnCl4]2– + 2MoO42– + 10NCS– + 2Cl– + 14H+ = 2[Mo(NCS)5] + [SnCl6]2– + 8H2O
[SnCl4]2– + 2MoO42– + 10NCS– + 2Cl– + 12H+ = 2[MoO(NCS)5]2– + [SnCl6]2– + 6H2O
[SnCl4]2– + MoO42– + 4NCS– + 2Cl– + 8H+ = [Mo(NCS)4] + [SnCl6]2– + 4H2O
3 SnCl2 + 2 MoO42– + 5NCS– = [MoO(NCS)5]2– +
Hg22+ + 2 I– = Hg2I2
Hg2I2 +2 I– = [HgI4]2– + Hg
2 Cu2+ + 4 I– = CuI + I2
2 Fe3+ + 2 I– = 2 Fe2+ + I2
2 Cu2+ + 4 CN– ↔ 2Cu(CN)2 = 2 CuCN + (CN)2
CuCN + 3 CN– ↔ [Cu(CN)4]3–
(NH4)2Cr2O7 (+ hı) = N2 + Cr2O3 + 4 H2O
NH4VO3 (+ hı) = V2O5 + 2 NH3 + H2O
(NH4)2MoO4 (+ hı) = MoO3 + 2 NH3 + H2O
2 KMnO4 + H2SO4 = 2 HMnO4 + K2SO4
2 HMnO4 = Mn2O7 + H2O
2 KMnO4 + H2SO4 = Mn2O7 + H2O + K2SO4
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 = 2 CrO3 + K2SO4 + H2O
CrO3 + H2O {H2CrO4} 2 H+ + CrO42–
MoO3 + H2O H2MoO4
V2O5 + 3 H2O 2 H3VO4
CrO3 + 2 OH– = CrO42– + H2O
MoO3 + 2 OH– = MoO42– + H2O
V2O5 + 2 OH– = 2 VO43– + 3 H2O
2 Fe3+ 3 OBr– + 10 OH– = 2 FeO42– + 3 Br– + 5 H2O
2Mn2+ + 5OCl– + 6OH– = 2MnO4– + 5Cl– + 3H2O
5 MnSO4 + KOH + 4 KNO3 = 5 K2MnO4 + K2SO4 + N2 + H2O
MnSO4 + 4KOH + 2KNO3 = K2MnO4 + 2KNO2 + K2SO4 + 2H2O
2 CrO42– + 2 H+ Cr2O72– + H2O
3 VO43– + 6 H+ V3O93– + 3 H2O

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10 VO43– + 24 H+ V10O286– + 12 H2O
12 WO3×2H2O + H3PO4 [P(W3O10)4]3– + 3 H+ + 24 H2O
5 H2O2 + 2 MnO4– + 6 H+ = 5 O2 + 2 Mn2+ + 8 H2O
2 MnO4– + 5 SO32– + 6 H+ = 2 Mn2+ + 5 SO42– + 3 H2O
2 MnO4– + 3 SO32– + 2 H+ = 2 MnO2 + 3 SO42– + H2O
2 MnO4– + SO32– + 2 OH– = 2 MnO42– + SO42– + H2O
2 MnO4– + 10 KI + 16 H+ = 2 Mn2+ + 5 I2 + 8 H2O + 10 K+
Cr2O72– + 6 KI + 14 H+ = 2 Cr3+ + 3 I2 + 7 H2O + 6 K+
V10O286– + 20 KI + 56 H+ = 10 V3+ + 10 I2 + 28 H2O + 20 K+
Mo12O4110– + 6 KI + 16 H+ + H2O = 6 MoO3×MoO(OH)3 + 3 I2 + 6 K+
MnO42– + SO32– + H2O = MnO2 + SO42– + 2 OH–
3 MnO42– + 4 H+ = MnO2 + 2 MnO4– + H2O
MoO42– + 2 Ag+ = Ag2MoO4
VO43– + 3 Ag+ = Ag3VO4
WO42– + 2 Ag+ = Ag2WO4
3 Fe3+ + 6 CH3COO– + H2O [Fe3O(CH3COO)6]+ + 2 H+
7 Fe3+ + 6 CH3COO– + 9 H2O [Fe7(OH)9(CH3COO)6]6+ + 9 H+
[Fe3O(CH3COO)6]+ + 5 H2O Fe(OH)2(CH3COO) + 4 H+ + 3 CH3COO–
[Cu2(LH–2)2]4– + HO–CH2–(CHOH)4–CHO + 5 OH– =
= Cu2O + HO–CH2–(CHOH)4–COO– + 2 [LH–2]4– + H2O
[Ag(NH3)2]+ + HO–CH2–(CHOH)4–CHO + 3 OH– =
= 2 Ag + HO–CH2–(CHOH)4–COO– + NH3 + 2 H2O
Cr2O72– + 3 CH3CH2OH + 8 H+ = 2 Cr3+ + 3 CH3CHO + 7 H2O
2 MnO4– + 3 CH3CH2OH + 2 H+ = 2 MnO(OH)2 + 3 CH3CHO + 2 H2O
2 MnO4– + 3 CH3CHO + H2O = 2 MnO(OH)2 + 3 CH3COO– + H+
2 MnO4– + 5 (COOH)2 + 6 H+ = 2 Mn2+ + 5 CO2 + 8 H2O

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