Selection of material and process.

07010042 R.Jyoti Swaroop

07010044 Prudhvi Teja
07010045 Pramod J
Design requirements
Function: contain pressure, p
Objective: maximum safety
Constraints: (a) Must yield before break
(b) Must leak before break
(c) t small: Reduces mass and cost
(d) Shape : Cylindrical
(e) Inner Radius and Height of cylinder is constant
Free Variables : Material

 = pR/t

R 2a
p

t
t
 pR
Condition for Thickness t
 ys
K
 Ic
the stress required to active crack propagation Y ac

K Ic
Leak-before-fail criterion (leaks can be detected over lifetime)  
Y t

Yield-before-break M1 = KIc/ys
Leak-before-break M2 = (KIc)2/ys

Thin wall, strong M3 = ys

Pressure vessel for HOT ISOSTATIC PRESSING
 Material and shape constraints
Pressure - 100 MPa
Yield strength > 100 MPa
Inner Radius = 0.5 m
Height of Cylinder = 1 m

The leak-before-break criteria M2 = (KIc)2/ys

Minimum Thickness and strong M3 = ys

Yield-before-break (Less preference) M1 = KIc/ys

From charts Steels would be best option and ys = 500 MPa
Calculation of parameters
Taking safe factor = 2

Ro = Ri + t = 0.7m

Surface area, A = 2πRoh = 3.8 m2

Volume = π (Ro2-Ri2)h = 0.8 m3
Slender thickness = t/√A = 0.1
Weight = ρV = 6400 kg
Design Constraints for
manufacturing process
Constraint Value
Material Steel
Sectional thickness, t 200 mm
Density, ρ 8000 kg/m3
Melting Temperature, Tm 1600 K
Surface area, A 3.8 m2
Volume 0.8 m3
Weight 6400 kg
Slender thickness (=t/√A) 0.108
Mean precision ± 1.0 mm
Batch Size, N 10
Shortlisted process

What about the mass constraint???

Processes and comments
Process Comments

Machining Machine from solid (rolled or forged) billet.

Much material discarded, but a reliable product. Hence, not
economical.
Hot working Steel forged to thick-walled tube, and finished by machining
end faces, ports, etc. Preferred route for economy of material
use.
Casting Cast cylindrical tube, finished by machining end-faces and
ports. Casting – defects a major problem.
Fabrication Weld previously-shaped plates. Not suitable for HIP. (Useful
for larger vessels like nuclear pressure vessels).