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Atrium Kiri
Atrium Kanan
Arteri Koroner Kiri
Arteri Koroner Kanan dan cabangnya
Assess Initial
12 Lead ECG
NON
Unstable Angina Q-wave Q-wave
ACUTE
ACUTE CORONARY
CORONARY SYNDROMES
SYNDROMES
Sisi kiri
Menjalar ke rahang, bahu atau lengan kiri
Berhubungan dengan sesak napas, rasa berat
didada, diaphoresis,, mual &/ atau muntah, dan
kelemahan
Levine’s sign: remasan tangan di sternum yang
berhubungan dengan angina
Biasanya angina berkurang dengan istirahat,
pemberian oksigen dan nitrat; memberat dng
kerja jantung yang meningkat seperti exercise,
mencerna makanan, stress dll
Coronary Artery Disease
Atherosclerosis
Define: thickness and hardening of the arteries caused
by deposits of fat and fibrin which harden.
Leads to decreased lumen and decreased blood flow
and ischemia and death of the tissue
Arteriosclerosis
Define: loss of elasticity and abnormal thickening or
hardening of the walls of the arteries which can be due
to accumulation of lipids, cholesterol, calcium or
thrombus.
May also lead to occlusion of the lumen of the vessel,
usually at the bifurcation of the vessels
May develop collateral circulation if develops slowly
Signs and Symptoms
Cardiogenic shock
Arrhythmias
CHF
Ventricular rupture or aneurysm
Pericarditis
Pulmonary embolism
Post-myocardial infarction
Risk Factors
Smoking
Family history
Hypertension
Elevated triglycerides and cholesterol levels
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Aging
Stress
Men more than women (but women are increasing)
Diabetes mellitus
Causes
Atherosclerosis (90%)
Constriction or spasm of the coronary artery
Coronary artery embolus
Coronary artery thrombus
Assessment for Chest Pain
Subjection
Tightness, heaviness, squeezing, or crushing pain in
the substernal area, which can radiate to the jaw,
neck, left arm, or shoulder
Determine if pain is precipitated by an event (exercise,
stress or exertion)
Is the pain relieved by rest or drugs?
Is there any predisposing factors?
URI, PE, Hypoxemia, blood loss
Patient may experience anxiety and feeling of doom
Assessment for Chest Pain,
cont.
Objective
Dyspnea
Profuse diaphoresis
Adventurous breath sounds
Tachycardia, decreased B/P, ^ temp
Elevation of cardiac enzymes (CPK, CPK-MB, AST,
LDH, Troponin)
EKG changes
Results of any procedures completed
EKG Changes of an MI
Medical Treatment
Unconscious
Absence of pulse and respirations
Absence of heart sounds
Pupillary dilation
Cyanosis
Diagnostic Tests
History
Physical
EKG
Enzymes after emergency treatment
Implementation
CPR
ABC’s
IV for administration of drugs
ABG’s frequently
Give Lidocaine, etc.
Watch for hypoxia, arrythmias, acidosis, and hypokalemia
Monitor labs
Assess LOC, skin color, temp, pulses, seizures, pupil changes
Observe for complications (rib fractures, tamponade,
pneumothorax)
Give emotional support to the family
EKG
Atasi Nyeri : Nitrogliserin 0,4 mg (max 1,2 mg) SL bila TD > 90 mmHg
+ morfin (dapat di ulang) 3-6 mg sampai nyeri teratasi
STEMI NSTEMI-UAP
EKG 12 sadapan
ST Elevasi = STEMI
bersebelahan atau LBBB baru (yang dianggap baru) EKG Abnormal lainnya (Bukan ST elevasi)
atau
EKG normal