Professional Documents
Culture Documents
“UNDERSTANDING
INFERTILITY”
What is infertility?
Infertility is failure to conceive
within one or more years of
regular unprotected coitus
TYPES OF INFERTILITY
Primary Infertility
Secondary Infertility
INCIDENCE OF INFERTILITY
Worldwide 8-15% of
couples suffer some
form of infertility
problems
Male factor(30%)
Female factor(30%)
Both factors (30%)
Unexplained
factors(10%)
PRIMARY INFERTILITY
It denotes those
patients who
have never
conceived.
SECONDARY INFERTILITY
It indicates previous
pregnancy ,but
failure to conceive
subsequently.
CAUSES OF INFERTILITY
?
CAUSES IN MALES
Defective
spermatogenesis
Obstruction of the
efferent duct system
Failure to deposit
sperms high in the
vagina
Errors in the seminal
fluid
DEFECTIVE
SPERMATOGENESIS
It is caused due to
Congenital causes ,namely,
Undescended testes
Hypospadias
Thermal factors
Infection
Genetic factors
Endocrine factors
Iatrogenic
Immunological factors
CAUSES IN FEMALES
OVARIAN FACTORS:-
Anovulation or oligo –
ovulation
Luteal phase defect
Lutetinised unruptured
follicle
TUBAL FACTORS
PERITONEAL FACTORS
UTERINE FACTORS
CERVICAL FACTORS
VAGINAL FACTORS
COMBINED FACTORS
STRESS
COITAL PROBLEMS
INVESTIGATIONS OF
INFERTILITY
WHEN TO INVESTIGATE ?
Infertile couple should be investigated after 1
year of regular unprotected exposure with
adequate frequency.
Myomectomy
Metroplasty
Tubal recanulization
Operative laparoscopy
ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE
TECHNOLOGY( females)
Intra uterine Zygote intrafallopian
insemination (IUI) transfer (ZIFT)
In vitro fertilization & Intracytoplasmic sperm
embryo transfer injection
(IVF-ET)
Gamete intra fallopian
transfer (GIFT)
OVUM RETRIEVAL
OVUM & SPERM
FERTILIZATION
CELL DIVISION AFTER
FERTILIZATION