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1. CONDUCTION
T
Q= k.A. x (W)
x o
Rcond = k.A
( C/W)
HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISM
2. CONVECTION
Q = As T s
4
(W)
CONDUCTION
CONDUCTION
CONDUCTION (SOLUTION)
The roof of an electrically
heated home is 6 m long, 8
m wide, and 0.25 m thick,
and is made of a flat layer of
concrete whose thermal
conductivity is k = 0.8
W/m.°C. The temperatures
of the inner and the outer
surfaces of the roof one
night are measured to be
15°C and 4°C, respectively.
Determine the rate of heat
loss through the roof that
night.
CONVECTION, Q = h A (Ts – T)
CONVECTION (EXAMPLE)
A 2-m-long, 0.3-cm-diameter electrical wire extends across
a room at 15°C, as shown in Fig. 1–33. Heat is generated in
the wire as a result of resistance heating, and the surface
temperature of the wire is measured to be 152°C in steady
operation. Also, the voltage drop and electric current
through the wire are measured to be 60 V and 1.5 A,
respectively. Disregarding any heat transfer by radiation,
determine the convection heat transfer coefficient for heat
transfer between the outer surface of the wire and the air
in the room.
CONVECTION (SOLUTION)
• P = VI = (60 V)(1.5 A) = 90 W
• As = DL = (0.003 m)(2 m) = 0.01885
• Q = h A (Ts – T)
RADIATION
Q . . As .T
s
4
Q (Ts Tsurr )
4 4
RADIATION (EXAMPLE)
Consider a person standing in a
room maintained at 22°C at all
times. The inner surfaces of the
walls, floors, and the ceiling of
the house are at an average
temperature of 10°C in winter
and 25°C in summer.
Determine the rate of radiation
heat transfer between this
person and the surrounding
surfaces if the exposed surface
area and the average outer
surface temperature of the
person are 1.4 m2 and 30°C.
RADIATION (SOLUTION)
SIMULTANS MODE
Q = Ttot/Rth,tot
Rth,tot = Jabarkan (tugas)
COMPOSITE WALL + CONVEKSI
COMPOSITE WALL + CONVEKSI
SILINDER dan BOLA
SILINDER dan BOLA
Silinder :
Bola :
SILINDER dan BOLA Komposit
SILINDER Komposit
= (T1 – T2)/Rtotal
SOAL LATIHAN
• Q = Q konduksi = Q konveksi
• Q konduksi = k.delta T/ x = 15344 W/m2
• h = (Q/A)/T = 5115 W/m2 OC.
SOAL LATIHAN
• Salah satu sisi dinding mempunyai suhu
100 oC, sedang sisi lainnya berada dalam
lingkungan konveksi dengan T = 10 oC
dan h = 10 W/m2.oC. Dinding memiliki
nilai k = 1.6 W/m.oC dan tebalnya 40 cm.
Hitunglah laju perpindahan kalor melalui
dinding.
JAWAB
• Kriteria Bi 0,1
PRINSIP
• T sebagai
fungsi t
Prosedur
• Hitung panjang karakteristik, Lc
• Hitung Angka Biot, Bi
• dan
• CONTOH:
Bola Tembaga
A 7.5 cm diameter orange is subjected to a
cold environment. Assuming that the orange
has properties similar to those of water at 20
°C and that h = 11 W/m2 oC, determine the
suitability of a lumped analysis for predicting
the temperature of the orange during cooling.