The
Guide to Biotechnology
is compiled by the Biotechnology IndustryOrganization (BIO)Debbie Strickland, BIO, Director of Marketing, Editor
Contributors
Deb Carstoiu, BIO, Director of State Media Relations and AdvocacyElinor Van Dyck, Blue House Publishing, Art DirectorBarbara Glenn, BIO, Managing Director of Animal BitoechnologyCrispin Littlehales, Writer/EditorAdrienne Massey, Ph.D., Writer/Editor
Guide to Biotechnology
n
Biotechnology Industry Organization
Contents
Biotechnology: A Collectionof Technologies 1
What Is Biotechnology? ......................................................1Cells and Biological Molecules ...........................................1
Biotechnology Industry Facts 2
Market Capitalization, 1994–2005 .....................................3U.S. Industry Statistics: 1994–2005 ...................................3New Biotech Drug and Vaccine Approvals/ New Indication Approvals by Year.................................4North American Biotech Companiesby State and Province ....................................................4Total Financing, 1998–2005 ...............................................5Biotech Industry Financing, 2005 .....................................5
Time Line 6
Biotechnology Policy Milestones .....................................16
The Technologiesand Their Applications 18
Bioprocessing Technology ................................................18Monoclonal Antibodies .....................................................18Cell Culture ......................................................................19Recombinant DNA Technology ........................................21Cloning .............................................................................21Protein Engineering ........................................................22Biosensors ........................................................................22Nanobiotechnology...........................................................23Microarrays .......................................................................23
Biotechnology Tools in Researchand Deelopment 25
Research Applications ......................................................25
Includes stem cell technology, cloning, microarraytechnology, antisense and RNA intererence, and gene knockouts
Putting the Pieces Together: ‘Omics’ ...............................29
Genomics, proteomics and bioinormatics
Product Development Applications .................................31
Health-Care Applications 34
Diagnostics .......................................................................34Therapeutics .....................................................................34Personalized Medicine ......................................................37Regenerative Medicine .....................................................39 Vaccines ............................................................................39Plant-Made Pharmaceuticals ............................................41
Therapeutic Deelopement Oeriew 42
Biotech Drug Development Process ................................44
Approed Biotechnology Drugs 45Agricultural Production Applications 65
Crop Biotechnology ..........................................................65
Includes production improvement, impact on develop-ing countries, environmental and economic benets, and regulations
Forest Biotechnology .......................................................69 Animal Biotechnology ......................................................70
Includes companion animals, applications or human medicine, and environmental and conservation eorts
Aquaculture ......................................................................76Global Area o Transgenic Crops,1995 to 2005: Industrial and Developing Countries ..78Global Area o Transgenic Crops in 2004 and 2005by Country ..................................................................78Global Area o Transgenic Crops in 2004 and2005 by Crop ...............................................................79Global Area o Transgenic Crops, 1996 to 2005,by Crop ........................................................................79Global Area o Transgenic Crops in 2004 and2005 by Trait ...............................................................80
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