(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 9, No. 2, February 2011
Brain Computer Interaction Of Indian Facial Expressions Recognition ThroughDigital Electroencephalography
Mr.Dinesh Chandra Jain
Univ. of RGPV, Dept. Of Computer-Sc & EngineeringShri Vaishnav Inst. of TechnologyIndore, Indiadineshwebsys@gmail.com
Dr. V.P Pawar
Univ. of Pune, Dept. of Computer App.Director of Siddhant Inst. of Comp-AppPune, Indiavrushvijay@yahoo.co.in
Abstract
The brain computer interaction could be the interfacemedium of the future, instead of using peripheral input output devices.So The brain computer interaction is a path way in which throughdigital EEG technique the brain signals of human subject have beenrecorded under different poses by using DigitalElectroencephalograph (EEG) 2400NP instrument. Under experimental setup The subjects have given different expressionscorresponding brain signals that have been recorded through apopular technique Digital EEG. An attempt has been done tocorrelate these results to the facial action coding System (FACS).
Keywords- Bci, Eeg, Expression, Facial coding System.
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I.
I
NTRODUCTION
The most important challenging application of braincomputer interaction is to enables direct interaction betweenhuman and computer by directly receiving and transmittingsignals to and from the brain of human subject. In theComputer system the Recognition of Facial expression of human subject is a great challenging task[1][2][3].During expression recognition of human face there are somany complex issue arises like: neuromedical ,anatomicaland psychological[4]. This is dependent on the social behavior of human.. Basically, one human being may have differentexpression under different -2 conditions. The human subjectmay have seven type of universal facial expressions like:happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, disgust, and neutralso expression may consider as a vector in the sevendimensional field[5]. In anatomical FACS , the subject havebeen made to express expressions which will have anatomicalaspects of the face. The facial expression are controlled by thebrain so it is useful to correlate the expression with thebrain[6]. Today’s there are so many techniques available for direct contact with neural as Electroencephalography(EEG),Magneto encephalography (MEG) and FMRI[7].
II.
BCI
THROUGH
EEG
In
brain computer interaction
electroencephalographytechnique
is an approximation of the cumulativeelectrical activity of neurons and is a measure of thebrain's voltage fluctuations as detected from scalpelectrodes. This technology is to augment humancapabilities by enabling human subject to interact with acomputer through a conscious and spontaneousmodulation of their brain waves after a short trainingperiod. A brain computer interaction has been developedcerebral electric activity is recorded via theElectroencephalography: electrodes , attached on the scalpand measure the electric signal of the brain[8] . Thesignals are amplified and transmitted to the computer which transform them into device control command. Thecrucial requirement for the successful functioning of thebrain computer interaction is that the electric activity inthe scalp surface.Fig1. Brain computer Interaction
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(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 9, No. 2, February 2011
EEG frequency band
There are Five rhythms as:1) Gamma
ϒ
: 30-50 Hz 2) Beta
β
: 13-30 Hz 3) Alpha
α
: 8-13 Hz 4) Theta
θ
: 4-8 Hz 5) Delta
δ
: 0.5-4 Hz.
EEG Characteristics
• It measures directly brain function.• It has a high temporal resolution, in the range of milliseconds.• The spatial resolution is in the range of centimeters for scalp electrodes, while implanted electrodes can measurethe activity of single neurons.• Scalp electrodes are non-invasive while implantedelectrodes are invasive.• The required equipment is portable.
Experimental method and procedure
During eeg test the subject should be prepared to givedifferent type of facial expressions[9]. To conduct test , thescalp must be free from oil now tie The electrode cap over head with the use of electrode cream and finally check all theelectrodes are connected with subject head, now said tosubject to give six universal face expression[10] and onbehalf of expression see the signal fluctuation and record itwith the four different regions of the brain[11].
Fig2: Electrode connected on head. Fig 3 . Four region of brain
In our experimental setup we have to selected fifteen malepersons in the age group of 6 to 30 year with non-psychiatrichistory have been selected for our experiment. The electrodecap was placed on the different regions of each person EEGwas recorded at sites of brain region for all frontal lobe andparietal lobe are put together FP2-F4(R), FP1-F3 (L) andOccipital lobe (C4-P4(R), C3-P3 (L)/Temporal lobe are keptseparate. FP1, FP2, F3, F4, F7, F8, FTC1, FTC2, C3, C4, T3,T4, TCP1, TCP2, T5, T6, P3, P4, PZ, O1, O2,A1,A2. The fig4 contains details of connection for left and right portion of thebrain in 10-20 international system[12].Fig 4:The international 10-20 systemThe test was conducted for ten minutes and each participantwas asked to give the different expressions while imaging theparticular situations portraying different emotionssimultaneously. The lower filter of the Neuro portable EEGwas set at 1Hz, High filter at 70Hz; sensitivity at 7
μ
V,channels 20, sweep speed 30mm/sec, Montage set 1 for allexperiment[13]. The resultant facial expressions of theparticipants were also captured photographically with the helpof a digital camera. At the same time, the signals of thedifferent regions of the brain were mapped. The differentposition of connection for signal monitoring is shown in fig4[14]. An example of mapped signal is shown in fig 5. Theexperiment was conducted in the sound proof environment.Fig5 : signal of different -different brain area.Fig 6: Eeg signal window during test
213 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 9, No. 2, February 2011
The signals corresponding to different expressions wererecorded and stored in the computer[15] .The four regions of the brain with left, right, front and back positions are identifiedcorresponding to these positions, the average frequency andthe average peak voltage are determined through commercialsoftware available with the system The signals were recordedthree times for each expression corresponding to all differentseven subjects. The average values are mentioned in the Table1.The EEG 24/NP channel unit used was from DigitalNeurocompact Medicaid System[16].The description of the apparatus used as Electrode cable, GNDplug wire, Phonetic wire, EEG conducting paste, Absorbentcotton wool I.P., Sony digital camera HD 5X.
III. Result and Conclusion
The goal of the present research work is to represent theexperimental work towards bci direction. In our experimentalsetup, A portable Electroencephalograph system has been usedfor brain. It has been found that in the human subject there aretwenty six muscles are responsible for the overall movementof the face. The photographic expressions for each experimentare shown in fig (7).Happy Sad Angry Fear Disgust SurpriseFig 7. Six Facial Expression
BrainRegions Position 1 Position 2All FourPositionsResultExpressions
FL PL OL TLFL+PL+OL+TLLeft Right Left Right Left & RightF PV F PV F PV F PVAvg.of FAvg.of PV
1.Neutral
24.5 38.6 22.5 34.0 21.5 34.5 20.5 37 23.0 35.15
2.Happy
24 44.5 21.9 42.1 24.5 36.2 23.1 32.9 23.37 42.75
3.Sad
22.5 34.3 26.3 39.6 20.2 33.0 22.1 36.8 25.35 35.92
4.Anger
19.6 35 26.1 35.6 23.4 31.1 20.4 33.4 22.37 33.77
5.Fear
19.7 36.8 18.9 34.9 16.6 27.0 16.9 36.1 19.11 35.37
6.Disgust
19.5 40.2 20.1 35.2 18.5 30.2 19.6 38.2 19.42 35.95
7.Surprise
13.1 32.4 17.9 34.7 13.9 32.8 13.8 34.7 14.67 33.65
Table 1. Results for different facial expression
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Brain Computer Interaction of Indian Facial Expressions Recognition Through Digital Electroencephalography
The brain computer interaction could be the interface medium of the future, instead of using peripheral input output devices .So The brain computer interaction is a path way in which through digital EEG technique the brain…
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