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8
G×BO HVBFCZHY LH GHLKJHJ JF LH PYOJVGGK×C FWGYKZH FC LHGLHWF JF F/LF1 KCZYOJVGGK×C H LH YFZ×YKGH GOCZYHWZK]HBFJKHCZF LHW JKMFYFCGKHW OYZKPONYÈMKGHW FCZYF KJKOBHW
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8#
 
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Lh Yfz÷ykgh Goczyhwzk}h $YG+ fw vc èyfh jf fwzvjko xvf wf fcmyfczh hl pyogfwo jf fwgykzvyh fczfcjkëcjologobo vch gocwzyvggk÷c wogkhl {, poy lo zhczo, goc kcmlvfcgkh jf ghjh gvlzvyh $Zyvakllo, 9007+# Wf wkzñh hbfjko ghbkco jf jkwgkplkchw gobo lh lkcnüâwzkgh, lh wogkolonâh, lh hczyopolonâh, low fwzvjkow gvlzvyhlfw {lhw lfcnvhw hplkghjhw, wkfcjo fc fwzh ñlzkbh èyfh, fc gocgyfzo jfczyo jf low fwzvjkow jf hjxvkwkgk÷c {hpyfcjkqhaf jf lfcnvhw ftzyhcafyhw jocjf dh ftpfykbfczhjo fc low ñlzkbow høow ihwzhczf hvnf# Fc fwzfzyhihao, fczfcjfbow poy
‖
Yfz÷ykgh Goczyhwzk}h
”
lh jfmkckgk÷c jf Goccoy $8;;=1 6+1
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‚ 
bèw hllèjfl goyyfgzo vwo jf lh nyhbèzkgh { fl }oghivlhyko
‚ 
xvf wf hwfbfahyhc h low pyojvgkjow poy low chzk}owkczfyfw÷ ghjh }fq bèw h low fwpfgkhlkwzhw fc lfcnvhw hplkghjhw { pyomfwoyfw jf lhw glhwfw jf
‖gobpowkgk÷c”, ‖yfjhggk÷c”, ‖fwgykzvyh” o ‖ftpyfwk÷c fwgykzh”
#Gobo jfgâhbow, fw fc 8;== gvhcjo lh YG zobh ghyzh jf hwkfczo goc vc gëlfiyf hyzâgvlo jfl pyomfwoyfwzhjovckjfcwf Yoifyz I# Ehplhc fc fl cñbfyo 8= jf lh yf}kwzh
Lhcnvhnf Lfhyckcn
 
zkzvlhjo ‖
Gvlzvyhl
 
9
Zdovndz Phzz
fycw kc Kczfygvlzvyhl Fjvghzkoc”
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dkp÷zfwkw Whpky"^doym 
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8
# Lh ghczkjhj jf gyâzkghw {lh wfcwhzfq jf lhw hynvbfczhgkocfw, pyo}og÷ xvf Ehplhc bhzkqhyè fc fl 9008 wv hyzâgvlo oyknkchl,jfwplhqhcjo fl mogo jfwjf lh kbpoyzhcgkh jf low pyogfwow bfczhlfw h lh kcmlvfcgkh jfgkwk}h jf lh gvlzvyh#Fc nfcfyhl, lh YG phyfgf owgklhy fczyf xvkfcfw, ihwhjow fc wv pyègzkgh pyomfwkochl gozkjkhch, gocmâhc fc lh}hlkjfq hiwolvzh jf wvw pyfwvpvfwzow zf÷ykgow { low xvf, phyhpfzhjow fc vch kczfypyfzhgk÷c yknvyowh jflbëzojo gkfczâmkgo, jfwgocmâhc pyomvcjhbfczf jf wvw gocglvwkocfw { co hjbkzfc wv }hlkjfq# Wkc fbihyno,woc bvgdow low pyomfwkochl jf lh fcwføhcqh jf kjkobhw xvf zkfcfc fc lh YG vc ivfc pvczo jf phyzkjh gocfl xvf oynhckqhy lhw glhwfw { ftplkghy fl fwzhjo jf lh kczfylfcnvh jf low zftzow# Gobo gocwfgvfcgkh jf fwzhphyhjoah, jfwjf dhgf vcow høow, wf dh hikfyzo phwo vch yfjfmkckgk÷c { yf}kwk÷c jf lh YG xvf zkfcf fcgvfczh lh fwgykzvyh gobo vc pyogfwo { xvf, poy zhczo, co zkfcf fc gvfczh w÷lo fl zftzo pyojvgkjo $Qhbfl,8;44+#Fc fwzh wfnvcjh ëpogh
jf ‖yfjkmkckgk÷c” $wfnñc Phcfzzh, 9008+
jf low fwzvjkow woiyf YG, fl phpfl jf lhgvlzvyh oyknkchl jf low fwzvjkhczfw fw bèw pyfgkwo { hihyghilf jhjo xvf pojfbow gocwzhzhy g÷bo kcgkjf fclhw mhwfw jfl pyogfwo jf fwgykzvyh fl oyknfc wogkhl, lh yflhgk÷c goc fl pojfy, lhw jkmfyfcgkhw wogkhlfw, lhpfyzfcfcgkh h kcwzkzvgkocfw, lh yflknk÷c { ozyow mhgzoyfw# Fc fwzf bobfczo, pojfbow pyf}fy hlnvchw
8
Ftkwzf vch yf}kwk÷c fc low ñlzkbow høow jf lh dkp÷zfwkw fc wv hwpfgzo bèw lhto xvf wf gfczyh fc fl mvcgkochbkfczo jfllfcnvhaf { co fc lh gvlzvyh# Fl zyhihao jf Dvcz { Hncolk $8;;8+ fw vc ivfc fafbplo jf fwzh hgzvhlkqhgk÷c jf lhdkp÷zfwkw Whpky"^doym#
 
Klvwzyhgk÷c 81 Ehplhc $8;==+, “Gvlzvyhl Zdovdnz Phzzfycw kc Kczfygvlzvyhl Fjvghzkoc‒#
 
 
7
ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jf low zftzow jf low hlvbcow wk wf jhc gkfyzow mhgzoyfw, pfyo fl ghbkco, fc yfhlkjhj, co dhdfgdo bèw xvf fbpfqhy { fl ghbpo jf fwzvjko wf dh hbplkhjo h low zftzow hghjëbkgow, pfykojâwzkgow jfopkck÷c o bfcwhafw gobfygkhlfw, poy fafbplo#
9#
 
Goczftzvhlkqhgk÷c jfl fwzvjko
Fc fl ghwo jf lh goc}fywhgk÷c oyhl, fwzè glhyo xvf jfwgocogfy ftpyfwkocfw, nfwzow, fczochgkocfw,}oghivlhyko, kcmoybhgk÷c wkzvhgkochl { jfbèw hwpfgzow goczftzvhlfw hghyyfhyè bv{ pyoihilfbfczf lhkbpowkiklkjhj jf zyhw}hwhy fl bfcwhaf, bèw hllè jf lh ghphgkjhj jfl fbkwoy phyh vwhy ikfc jfzfybkchjhpyfpowkgk÷c o zkfbpo }fyihl# Wk lh bh{oyâh jf low pyomfwoyfw fwzhbow jf hgvfyjo fc lh kbpoyzhcgkh jfzojow fwow mhgzoyfw phyh zfcfy ëtkzo fc lh goc}fywhgk÷c, ¿poy xvë co low wolfbow llf}hy h lo fwgykzo?Hlnvcow pyomfwoyfw hynvbfczhc xvf fw vc zfbh phyh fwpfgkhlkwzhw, jkmâgkl { gobplkghjo phyh low xvfghyfgfc jf moybhgk÷c fc wogkolkcnüâwzkgh o hczyopolonâh { hpfchw pvfjfc gobvckghywf fc lh L9# Ozyow,poy fl goczyhyko, hpflhc h lh cfgfwkjhj jf goczfbplhy fl pyogfwo jf fcwføhcqh jf kjkobhw co gobo vc mkc,wkco gobo vc bfjko xvf pfybkzf lh gobvckghgk÷c goc ozyhw gvlzvyhw# Jfwjf fwf pvczo jf }kwzh, yfwvlzhkcflvjkilf xvf fl hlvbco wfh ghphq jf kczfypyfzhy lh lfcnvh fc yflhgk÷c goc low dfgdow gvlzvyhlfw, wfhcgvhlfw wfhc# Fl pyfwfczf zyhihao wf bvf}f, oi}khbfczf, jfczyo jf fwzhw ñlzkbhw gooyjfchjhw phyh pyfwfczhyvch hgzk}kjhj xvf pfybkzf hvbfczhy lh wfcwkiklkjhj { lh yfmlftk÷c jfl fwzvjkhczf dhgkh lhw jkmfyfcgkhwgvlzvyhlfw fczyf wv L8 { fl fwphøol#Low fwzvjkhczfw jf LF wvflfc fwzhy hjkfwzyhjow fc lh hzfcgk÷c h lh phyzf bfcoy jfl zftzo, fw jfgky, h lhfwgykzvyh jf lh phlhiyh { lh oynhckqhgk÷c jf lh oyhgk÷c, woiyf zojo fc low hwpfgzow jf gocgoyjhcgkhzfbpoyhl { hwpfgzvhl pvfw fwzf fl oyjfc wkczègzkgo jf lh oyhgk÷c dh wkjo fl mogo jf kczfyëw jf lh lkcnüâwzkghglèwkgh# Fc pogow bhcvhlfw jf F/LF $poy co jfgky ckcnvco+ wf fcgvfczyhc jkyfgzykgfw woiyf lh bhgyooynhckqhgk÷c jfl jkwgvywo fwgykzo#Fwzh wkzvhgk÷c wf gobpfcwh goc low bhcvhlfw fwpfgâmkghbfczf jfwhyyollhjow phyh lh glhwfw jf
‖gobpowkgk÷c” o ‖
ftpyfwk÷c fwgykzh
”
fc low wâ wf kczfczh hjkfwzyhy fc fl pyogfwo gobplfzo5 hdoyh ikfc, lhbh{oyâh wf oynhckqhc ihao fl fwxvfbh glèwkgo jf lh jk}kwk÷c zftzvhl $ftpowkzk}ow, jfwgykpzk}ow, chyyhzk}ow{ hynvbfczhzk}ow+ wkc zfcfy fc gvfczh lh kczfcgk÷c jfl fbkwoy, fl goczftzo o lh gvlzvyh jfl yfgfpzoy# Fwjfgky, lh bh{oyâh jf low zftzow wvflfc mkahywf fc lh fbkwk÷c, vch jf lhw phyzfw jfl fwxvfbh glèwkgo jf lhgobvckghgk÷c, pfyo
‚ 
hl co zfcfy yfhlbfczf fc gvfczh fl pyogfwo gobvckghzk}o
‚ 
co fc lh yfgfpgk÷c, flozyo flfbfczo kbpyfwgkcjkilf# H cvfwzyo avkgko, fwzf fw fl dfgdo pykcgkphl xvf ftplkgh lh hvwfcgkh jf lhwzfoyâhw jf YG fc lh bh{oyâh jf low bhcvhlfw#
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