Professional Documents
Culture Documents
An alias summon can only be served if there is: In PHILAM life case, the question was the effect of improper service
a. failure of the original service of summon of summons: the court will not have jurisdiction over the person of the
b. or it has been lost defendant. File motion to dismiss. What can the court do? Grant,
denying, or order an amendment.Can the court issue an alias
Can SEC 6 and 7 of Rule 14 apply simultaneously? summons? SC said, there was no grave abuse of discretion, it is only
Personal and Substituted? to expiadite.
No, there must be a showing first of impossibility of personal service.
Not alternative modes. Must go first through personal, to go to Is the effective service of summons waivable? Yes, if you don’t
substituted. Service of the summons of the person of the defendant object it in an answer or MTD, it is waived. WAIVABLE only if you
is preferred. know though. SHOULD have knowledge. Case: defendant was a
Substituted is an Extraordinary Method. corporation, a clerk received it.
Sancho case A corp should be made upon the President, General Manager,
Lazaro vs Rural Bank of Francisco Balagtas. :the service of the managing Partner, Treasurer, In house counsel(employed by the
summons to be done personally must it be in his actual residence? corp). The enumeration cannot be expanded. Exclusive list. The clerk
No. did not pass on to the officers, she just kept it. There was an order
and judgment by default against the corporation. The case was
In the last two years, there was a question on Sec 15 elevated to the CA. Columbus raised the improper service of
Extraterritorial Service summons for the first time, but considering that there was improper
2008: there was an OFW in Hongkong and she wasn’t aware of the service and the officers was not aware, there was no waiver. From
case against her. She was just informed by someone in the the time of effective of summons to judgment, the proceedings are
Philippines. null and void.
The following are the minimum requirements for SEC15: True: WITHIN ONE day: The court shall issue summons within one
a. Defendant is a non-resident OR is not found in the Philippines (di day from filing of the complaint: Guidelines.
pwede foreignor) Instead of filing a MTD the defendant is suggested to file an answer
b. Nature of the action with an affirmative defense.
1. personal status of the plaintiff MTD is not a prohibitive pleading. The court just persuades the party
2. involves real property of the defendant who does not to file an answer with an affirmative defense. Why? Because issues
reside in the Phil are joined, the next step would be pre trial and the parties can
3. or any interest, actual or contingent, of the real property Compromise.
They inserted as an incentive RULE 16 last section. Affirmative
How do you serve summons? hearing is subject however to the discretion of the court.
1. Pesonally, outside of the Philippines
2. Publication AND service of summons and complaint in the last Service by summon personal with substituted or publication:
known address by REGISTERED MAIL of the defendant Know if it is in personam, quasi in rem
3. Other mode as may be determined by the court (subject to the In personam: could arise from obligation: judgement only affects the
discretion of the court; power within the trial court to determine party: primary mode is personal service, if impossible, then do
means) Rodriguez case 2003 case..San Francisco, USA substituted.
Sa order: summons should be served through the DFA and answer In rem/quasi in rem: these are the only actions where summons can
should be filed in 60 days with publication in a newspaper of general be served by publication: in rem: no named defendant: subject matter
circulation of the property is real property.affects the whole world. Quasi in rem:
there is a named defendatnt:affects the rest of us: it involves real
Service by publication in Sec 15 and Sec 16 property of a non resident defendant also personal status of the
The defendant is Temporarily absent but he remains to be a resident defendant.
of the Philippines. By jurisprudence, if he is temporarily absent, can
you serve by substituted service? YES, may residence siya eh. If you Can service of summons be served by mail?
cant do it by personally, substituted service. Generally no but it can with extraterritorial service.
Sec14 also by publication: take note of: that the defendant is NOT Lis pendens.
KNOWN or his whereabouts NOT known Rule 13. Not same with litis pendentia.
Lis pendens: real property subject of the action has a pending
Can you do service of summons by substituted service if a defendant litigation involving title or possession.
is NOT a resident of the Philippines? Case: substituted service does How do you cause the annotation?
not apply if a defendant is a non resident. E di tyempohan mo Should name the case and parties object of the action and
nalang. description of the property. Notice has no form just written.
EXCEPTION: Mahirap magpatagal kc you need a court order to cancel a notice of
If the resident spouse of the non resident spouse has previously lis pendens and you have to show that the notification was only to
been appointed as an attorney in fact in a previous case involving the molest and no reason anymore to protect the rights.
same non resident spouse: you can have substituted service.
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Pending litigation includes quasi judicial proceedings? Bureau of Case: luim vs Tabua 2005 case. An order denying motion to dismiss
Lands, SC said NO. Pending litigation should be a judicial action. is an interlocutory order. It does not dispose of the case.if it is denied,
continue with the case, file an answer. Don’t agree file MR, if grave
Voluntary appearance. Could be in different ways. Sought affirmative abuse of discretion file petition for certiorari.
relief also included. Under the rule, you can incorporate other If granted: the effect is a FINAL DISPOSITION OF THE case. It
grounds other than jurisdiction over the person of the defendant doesn’t mean you cannot refile. You can refile as a general rule
without in any way submitting to the jurisdiction of the court. JOIN except res judicata, statute of limitation, prescription, payment,
THE available GROUNDS together. waiver, abandonment, unenforceable statute of frauds
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UNENFORCEABLE under the Statute of Frauds. Art 1403 of the civil of court for stipulation, admission and naming of witness. It would
code. Certain agreements should be made in writing. There is no have minutes and would form part of the pretrial records.
memorandum that there is consent, then the agreement would be First day: would there be pretrial proper? No. the case would be
unenforceable. referred to a mediator in mediation unit of the locality.explore
possibility of compromise. If no compromise, it would go back to
Pleading asserting the claim states no cause of action. All you need court. The court then would convice the parties to compromise. If
to look at is the complaint. No need to determine whether it is true or compromise unsuccessful, you have the pretrial proper.
false. The truth or falsity is a matter to decided by the court. When Lawyers were concerned that judge would be mediator, conciliator,
you look at the complaint, is there a right, duty? And whether there is independent evaluator and judge.
a breach thereof. Pretrial order therafter. It will contain all matters discussed in a
pretrial conference. And it will dictate the conduct of trial. Who is JDR
Lack or absence of cause of action. It can be raised at anytime. if judge? The concept of it was in JDR RULE in 2006. From the time
mtd, it can only be raised before answer, or answer with affirmative the case is raffled before pretrial proper, he’s called the JDR he
defense; NO OTHER EVIDENCE required; complaint itself would would be working as a mediator. The case then would be reraffled
suffice. Unlike absence or lack of cause of presentation ,there could again to a trial judge, someone who has no initial assessment of the
be presentation of evidence ,after presentation of evidence that there case. The JDR gives the parties the option to continue the case with
is lack or absence of cause of action, it would be in the nature of the JDR judge.
demurrer to evidence. be careful in setting the ground of the pleading
asserting the claim states no cause of action because you have If the plaintiff is absent during pretrial,, case dismissed.unless the
deemed to have hypothetically admit the facts as stated in the plaintiff has SPA in favor of the lawyer.
complaint. If defendant, no dismissal. The plaintiff would be allowed to present
evidence ex parte. “As in default.” Remedy in a default scenario: file
Case: Republic vs Carmel Development 2002 case motion for reconsideration or motionto set aside on ground on FAME.
If there is hearing of a motion to dismiss, the evidence therein would (jurisprudence Saguid vs CA)
form part of the case in case the motion is not granted. “Should the Do we follow the same rule for criminal cases? The offended party in
case go to trial the evidence presented during the hearing shall the criminal case, it would not be dismissed.NO!
automatically be part of the evidence of the party presenting the
same. The court shall not defer the resolution of the motion because Macasaet vs Macasaet. Application of Rule 18sec4 to Rule 70 sec8.
the ground relied upon is indivisible.Today the court can deny, grant, Ejectment. Unless inconsistent with sec70 the rule 18 applies in
or order an amendment. The ocurt cannot defer. If it decides to preliminary conference. The non appearance may be excused. It
resolve, it should clearly state the reasons thereof.Luyin vs Mapua would supplement Sec 8 of rule 70. The spirit behind the exception is
2005 case. The court can deny,grant or order amendment. But the applicable in preliminary conference in summary procedure.
court should clearly state the facts supporting th e action.
If denied by trial, Tainted with grave abuse of discretion: certiorari. If no submission of pretrial brief, same effect as absence.
If appellate entertains the petition, the appellate grants the denial.
Yes, the CA can dismiss the case, if there is grave abuse of Rule 19
discretion.the dismissal would be final disposition.But the appellate
can remand the case if the facts are not clear to Intervention.
Case of looyoko vs Ca. it answers when intervention should be filed.
PRETRIAL Even if no case, there is in the rule. At anytime before rendering of
-mandatory in civil judgment in the trial court. Also be before a judgment is rendered and
-Rule118 in criminal cases, yes, it is mandatory before final and executor. It is merely a collateral,, accessory,
ancillary action. NOT an independent proceeding.
Guidelines in the Modes of Discovery: 2004 guidelines When an action ceases to exist, there is no more proceeding wherein
Process: the intervention can be heard. You can intervene if you have a legal
Once there is an answer, issues are joined. A reply is not a interest in the action.. (…)
mandatory pleading. Can the court allow intervention even after rendition of judgment? In
Before the pretrial proper: exceptional cases, the court has allowed it. Dir of land vs CA.
You’ll receive a pretrial notice setting the date and time for pretrial intervention was allowed even if the pettion for review was submitted
conference and request you to prepare a pretrial pleading. Memorize before the SC. Second, recently Mago vs CA the court granted
the pleading contents. intervention.the petition was final and executor, SC said: it must be
A document not premarked during pretrial cannot be presented in noted however in both cases, the intervenors were indispensible
trial except in the interest of justice in court’s discretion. In the pretrial parties.
brief, have to name your witnesses. Effect if failure to name, cannot
be presented during trial unless in the interest of justice. Dismissal of principal complaint covers complaint in intervention.
When? Must have received by the other party and court At least
three days before the pretrial conference similar to motion., Pinlac vs CA. Reiteration of the exceptional case; 1. SC has allowed
Can there be a preliminary conference? Under guidelines, the court after rendition of judgment. The intervenor in case was REPUBLIC.
or clerk of court can require a preliminary conference before the clerk SC; the consititutional mandate that no person shall not be deprived
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be life liberty or property applies to REPUBLIC who is an Rule 23 longest. Kailangan kabisado nyo to.
indispensible party. It Refers to deposition pending action.
Buhay na ung caso. You would want to apply for deposition.
Whether or not the rights of the original parites would be prejudiced Can you apply deposition before action? YES. That is what you call
because of the intervention. perpetuation.
Could you apply deposition pending appeal?
Can you intervene in CA or SC? No provision. So abide by juris, at
anytime before judgment in the trial court. Only exception if When or how can you institute an application for the taking of
indispensible party. deposition?or to initiate?
The answer is in section one. Hyatt Industrial vs Ley construction
Rule 21 2006 case. Sec 1 after the court acquires jurisdiction and before
answer, you can apply or file motion to take deposition. After an
Subpoena answer you can file A NOTICE to take deposition. Baliktad ng
Two kinds: amendment.
Subpoena ad specificandum – to appear and testify
Subpoena duces tecum – to appear and bring the papers, Let us now discuss the general purpose of deposition? To be able to
documents. elicit facts through the various modes that you have. Once summons
How to quash it? ( subpoena, search warrant, information, writ of has been issued the court is duty bound to issue an order for the
execution) parties to avail of Rule 24, 25, 26 and 27.
Grounds: (ad testificandum) Is a delay a reason to cancel a deposition? NO. a delay is not a
1.Not bound thereby; no reason for you to testify. ground to cancel a scheduled deposition.
Able to perceive, make known to make another. Privilege. Not bound. How bout undue duplicity? The SC said that this argument is without
Husband and wife.doctor and patient. Atty and client. Public officer. merit. Still can present him as witness during trial. Because
Excutive privlige. Non disclosure of who you voted for. Trade secrets. deposition taking is only a mode of discovery. It doesn’t mean that if
Secrecy of bank desposits. you take his deposition, you make him your witness.
2. Failure to tendter kilometrage. Distance of witness from the court For what grounds can an application be disallowed or opposed?
should not exceed 100km. cannot be contempt. Bench warrant – 1. That the application was made in bad faith
warrant from court to compel appearance in court. No need to have a 2. it is privileged
case. Only to ignore the court and may have bench warrant. 3. It is not a material or relevant fact
3. witness fees – transpo of witnesses 4. it is to annoy embarrass or oppress the deponent
Only final judgment could be subject of execution. Motion for new trial grounds:
Can an interlocutory order be a basis of an appeal? NO. 1. fraud accident mistake excusable negligence
2. newly discovered evidence
Why is a judgment so important? Because it would be basis of
execution. A judgment once becomes final and executor is subject of File this during the reglementary period
execution. Can a final judgment not attaining finality be subject of Requisites for NDE:
execution? Yes, on execution pending appeal. The judgment would 1. material and relevant
be reproduced on entry of judgment, only the dispositive portion. It 2. not available during trial despite exercise of diligence
would be recorded only when the period to appeal has already 3. change outcome of the case
lapsed.this is entry of judgment. Rules on entry of judgment is the
same with mtc and higher. Same requisite for crim:
Rule 121 grounds for a motion for new trial
Several judgment vs separate judgment. Several judgment refers to No fame!
parties, separate judgment is on CLAIMS. 1. errors of fact or irregularities in the proceeding which would
Rule on the dispositive portion of the decision. Execution must prejudice rights of the accused
conform with the dispositive portion of the decision. That is the rule, 2. newly discovered evidence
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Is a motion for reconsideration inconsistent with motion for new trial?
Such that if you file one you cannot file the other. NO! For as long as How many kinds for petition for relief?
the grounds are present, and within the reglementary period, you can 1. Petition for relief from judgment
file mnt. 2. Petition for relief from denial of appeal – if you were PREVENTED
from filing of an appeal because of an accident, or extrinsic fraud
Do you have a mnt in the CA? YES! Only on the ground of newly (wag ka na magappeal), mistake, and excusable neglect.
discovered evidence. It is the sole ground. When? You can file it
anytime once appeal is perfected and for as long as the appellate Your modes of appeal are limited only to 3 basic kinds:
court has jurisdiction. 3 years? Oo for as long as the CA has 1. ordinary appeal
jurisdiction. 2. petition for review
3. petition for review on certiorari (SC)
Do you have a mnt in the SC? NO! But in its exercise of its equity,
subject to the discretion of the SC, but there is nothing in the rules Petition for certiorari is not an appeal.
which grants this.
The only way to go up to the SC is a petition for review on certiorari
Can you file a motion to extend time in a motion for reconsideration? except in crim pro in case of death, life, reclusion perpetua.
NO! ang appeal baka pwede. In mr, you have a fixed period.
122-125 40-45
However take note of the latest ruling. It is the Fresh period rule.
Meaning that if you file an mr and it is denied you have a fresh period Ordinary appeal it could be a notice of appeal or record of appeal.
of 15 days. However, this applies only to rule 40 and 41.
(ORDINARY APPEAL) Losing of jurisdiction and perfecting appeal.
Within how many days can a tc resolve a motion for reconsideration REMEDIES AFTER THE JDUGMENT becomes Final and Executory
in a civil case? A period of 30 days.
In SC and CA, 90 days. 1. Petition for relief from judgment
Grounds: FAME
Can you have a partial motion for reconsideration? YES. What is the Period: within 6 months from entry of judgment and within 60 days
effect of a grant of mr? The old one is set aside and a new one is from knowledge
entered. Only a PARTY to a case can file a petition for relief from judgment. A
stranger cannot file this.
For MNT, the evidence so far admitted which is not tainted will stand
and will remain on record and but the new evidence will be accepted. Who is a party?
Case: mr x died with an estate. Mr y requested that the entire estate
If fame, there would be reception of new evidence. be adjudicated in his favor. TC favored Y. Two months from entry,
rest of the heirs learned, they filed a motion to set aside the
Can you file a second motion for new trial? YES if the ground was judgment, do they have personality? Technically, no. so TC denied
not available at the time of the filing of the first but if it was available it the motion. The problem of the others is to what remedy? Petition for
would be deemed as waived. annulment of judgment or relief from judgment. They filed an
annulment because they were not parties. SC: You have learned of it
Can you file a second MR? no! prohibited. within two months,and you are a party. Because this is an ACTION
IN REM, notice made by publication, though you were not named
Neypes rule apply in criminal cases? Nothing in jurisprudence. party, you were effectively made party. Using the annulment was not
the proper remedy. Remedy is petition for relief from judgment.
APPEAL
Background 2. Annulment of Judgment
An appeal is a remedy for final judgment that has not yet attained Grounds:
finality. Not yet final and executory. Because lapse of reglementary 1.Extrinsic fraud
period, d na pwede appeal. 2.Lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter or person of the
defendant
You received decision on April 1 you have until april 16. But you Filed
an appeal on april 18,Remedy if appeal is denied Period: fraud: within 4 years
Remedy is a motion for reconsideration. : lack of jurisdiction : until barred by laches
Does the law require that for you to file an annulment that you be a
However if you were not able to file an appeal you received a party in the original case? NO
decision, you were not able to file an appeal because your office was Can you avail this on a criminal case? NO
burnt, what can you file? Not a mr because nothing to reconsider, Annulment of judgment applies only in civil cases.
therefore the judgment became final and executory. What is remedy?
Petition for relief from denial of appeal.
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Pinlac vs CA. 9/10/2003. Effect of annulment of judgment. Record on appeal: upon approval of the court
It shall set aside the questioned judgment and render it null and void So until approved, appeal by record on appeal is not perfected.
without prejudice to the original action being refiled in the proper
court. Losing of jurisdiction
Where can you file annulment of judgment? When will the court lose jurisdiction?
Petition for relief from judgment on denial of appeal – in the court that Notice of appeal:
rendered the judgment Plaintiff A receives the decision on march 1 Plaintiff B on March 3. A
has until march 16 to file notice of appeal. B has until March 18 to
Petition for relief from judgment-in the court that rendered the file.
judgment If A is the losing party, he files on March 5, as to him appeal is
perfected assuming he paid docket fees. On March 5, does the court
Petition for annulment of judgment of an RTC decision – file in CA as still have jurisdiction? Yes. The court will only lose juris after the
an original action. It is to be originally filed with the CA. expiration of the other period to appeal. So lose it on March 19.
What if B likewise filed notice of appeal? March 7 a notice of appeal,
Petition for annulment of an MTC decision – file it with the RTC as to B appeal is perfected. On March 8 court loses jurisdiction
because he’s the last one. When will the court lose jurisdiction? Rule
Can you file a petition for annulment of judgment in SC of a decision 41 Sec 9 the court will continue to have jurisdiction until it has
of CA?later possession of the record Rule 39 Sec 2 Discretionary Execution. The
court can issue orders during the time the court has jurisdiction and
Appeal in terms of groupings in possession of the records of the case.
Ordinary Appeal Otherwise even if theoreticially it has juris but doesn’t have records, it
When? can no longer act.
Court that rendered the judgment is the court of original jurisdiction
except RTC if question of law because you have then to go to SC Rule 41
directly on a petition for review on certiorari. Discussion in 40 applies to 41. Record on appeal:
Your 30 would be until April 1. April 3. If you file a record on appeal
Rule 40 is civil appeals. on March 15 is the appeal perfected? Not yet. The court has to
Which is the court of original jurisdiction? MTC, go back to RA 7691 approve the record on appeal, and when would the court lose
ejectment cases, real property assessed value does not exceed 50 in jurisdicitoin? After the other parties’ period expire. PossibleThe
MM, 20 outside of MM. if your claim does not exceed 400 in MM, or record has been filed and the court has not yet acted but the parties
300 outside of MM. period expired, will the court continue to have jurisdiction, of course,
Even if it is a question of law from MTC you can never go directly to how would it approve the record on appeal if it loses juris.
SC. How about MTC to CA, No!
MTC go to RTC! Can be question of fact or law or mixed. Mode of Rule 41 has already been amended. Look at sec 1 if you still have
appeal: NOTICE OF APPEAL subsection a. luma yan code. You have to delete that line. Dec
Where will you file? In MTC! 2007, deleted the line, they only harmonize with the Neypes ruling.
Can the period to file notice of appeal be extended? NO! Denied mr could be appealed gave it the impression. There was the
By Neypes, if you filed an MR you have a fresh period of 15 days but discussion that lead to this conclusion. RULE IS DO NOT APPEAL
cannot file an extension even for compelling reason. THE MR but the original decision.
What does a notice of appeal contain? Procedure on Appeal in the RTC as appellate jurisdiction.
Receives the decision to show timeliness , paid the required docket Will there be hearings trial of an appeal of an MTC decision? NO!
fees within the proper reglementary period. Rule40 sec 5 Filing of memorandum, court will issue notice for them to give memo!
Record on Appeal It will not hear the case, it will review the case after both parties filed
If notice of appeal is given 15 days to file, in record on appeal, the their memo.
losing party is given 30days
Record on appeal is a compilation of all the pleadings submitted by Next rule: for civil cases ordinary appeal is Rule 41 The RTC in the
parties and orders made by the court in a sequential manner. exercise of its original jurisdiction. Where do you go from its
Can you ask for extension of time to file record on appeal? NO, the decision? In THE CA in the appellate juris.
period can only be extended if the court allows an authorized
alteration. Court of Appeals in its original jurisdiction:
When is record on appeal required? In special proceedings and 1. prohibition
multiple appeals like expropriation. 2. mandamus
3. quo warranto
4. habeas corpus
Perfection 5. ceritiorari
When is an appeal perfected? 6. writ of amparo
Notice of appeal: upon filing as to the appellant 7. habeas data
Both parties may file an appeal 8. annulment of judgment
Perfected as to him on the date of his filing
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What can you file in the RTC? May cases SAINT MARTIN FUNERAL HOMES.
File notice of appeal, same procedure as to perfection, and losing of By law, after labor code, decisions of the NLRC would become final
jurisdiction. and execuory. So there is no speedy remedy, so Rule 65.
As to record of appeal also same procedure. Also SMALL CLAIMS, because decisions are final and executory,
What to file and when to file the same. you cannot appeal. Rule 65.
The difference is the RTC as an appellate court and CA as an
appellate court. IN rtc, memorandum. In the CA in its appellate When law says final and executory, you cannot appeal. Rule 65.
jurisdiction, file appellant’s brief in the CA within 45 days. rule 44
what to file and when to file.(RTC to CA) Appellee’s brief 45 days. Decision of the SSS? GSIS? CAAT, DAR? COURT OF APPEALS
Can you extend? Yes, if there is compelling reason to give you
longer period. CTA? Same level as the court of appeals. So go to CTA en banc.
Appellant’s reply in 20 days. From there go to petition for review on certiorari.
You didn’t file an appellant’s brief what is the effect? Appeal
dismissed. Contents of petition for review. Same plus all the attachments,
Did not file notice within the reglementary period? Dismissed EVERYTHING MUST BE OF CERTIFIED TRUE COPY. There is no
Filed appellants brief without assignment of error? Dismissed way kasi for the court to determine if it is authentic. The quasi judicial
Did not pay docket fees? Dismissed. agencies are not part of the judicial department.
Citations? Without it dismissed.
Rule 50. Dismissal of appeal in the court of appeals. The date, could it be extended? Yes. Second extension allowed?No,
READ RULE 50 noncompliance will dismiss case in CA. unless for most compelling reason.
Can an appeal be withdrawn? YES. Cicular of SC : From decision of RTC in its orginial jurisdiction of
intracorpoarate dispute, where can you go? No more notice of
PETITION FOR REVIEW appeal. A decision of RTC in its orginial jurisdiction as a commercial
court must be by petition for review in CA. because the RTC is
Rule 42 Originate from the court. MTC in its original jurisdiction treated like a quasi judicial agency because it handled ung dating
elevated to RTC. This portion is still ordinary. Petition for review is hinhandle ng SEC.
from RTC to CA in tis appellate jurisdiction. Where do you file the
petition for review? In THE Court of Appeals. Petition For review on CERTIORARI
Notice of appeal is always on the court that rendered the judgment. Go to Supreme Court.
Petition for review is on the next level court.
Period to file a petition for review is 15. This can be extended upon A decision from RTC on a pure question of law, go to SC.
filing a motion to extension of time within the reglementary period From decision of CA go to SC on pure question of law
and payment of fees. For as long as you filed and paid, you can From sandiganbayan, pfr on certiorari
extend. Can you ask for a second extension? NO! the general rule is From CTA en banc, go to SC.
no further extension except for the most compelling reason. CA never render decision en banc.
Contents of a petition How many days to file? 15 days. Can you ask for extension? Yes, for
1. it should be verified maximum period of 30 days for most compelling reason and payment
2. contain certificate against forum shopping of fees. Cannot chopchop the 30 days.
3. material dates: timeliness;
a. date decision was received; On all of these appeals from 40 to 45, do you need to implead the
b. date when MR was filed court that rendered the judgment? NO! only implead the court in a
c.. date of denial for MR rule 65. However, despite the fact that they are not impleaded, they
should be served copies of the petitions for appeal.
4.Certified copy or duplicate orginial of the questioned order.
Duplicate orginial? It means it bearsthe signature of the officer. Do we apply hierarchy of courts when we talk of appeals? No!
Certified true copy: signature plus the polsition. because the law provides the mode. Only apply hierarchy on
5.Attach pleadings concurrent jurisdiction: prohibition,mandamus.
6.Explanation if service is to be made by registered mail
7.Affidavit of service SupremeCourt Rule,. The only way to go up to the SC is through
8.Service of a copy to adverse party and court that rendered the peititon for review on certiorari except death, life, reclusion perpetua.
judgment. In civil cases, no other way.
Failure to comply with any of these; dismissal
The community tax certificate is no longer accepted. EXECUTION
Should be notarized. Accepted are government id. Compelling circumstances so that judgment will not be rendered
illusory: Discretionary Execution/ Execution pending appeal
Another petition for review RULE 43. Go to Court of appeals from a
decision of a quasi-judicial agency.
NLRC to CA? NO! NLRC Rule 65
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The fact that the case is pending on appeal doesn’t mean your Philippine airlines case. In cases of money judgment, there should
entitled to it. You have to show compelling reason for the court to first be a demand for payment. Unless there is a demand, you cannot
grant. levy.
Do you need a bond? Corpuz case. Judge issued writ without motion. SC: Court cannot
You don’t need a bond to apply for discretionary execution. A bond is issue the writ of execution motu propio. There should be a motion.
required in sec 3 to stay execution.
5/4/2006 case. When is execution a matter of right? On motion after
Nothing in the law that requires bond only reasons. expiration of right of appeal.
Can you apply discreitionary execution in the trial court? Yes as long In cases of a final and exectory judgment, where would you file?
as it has juris and records. What if it was elevated? You can apply in Should file it in the court that rendered the orginial judgment. In case
the appellate court if it has already juris. of appeal, you can file it in the court that rendered the original
judgment, attaching the copy of decision of the appellatecourt.
Execution pending appeal: Does not require full blown trial type
hearing. For good just cause and interest of justice, canmotion for execution
be filed in the appellate court? Yes. However, the writ shall be
Mina vs Bianzon March 23, 2004. Writ of execution in connection issued by the original court.
with ejectment cases?where? In the court that rendered the original
juris – eh di sa mtc. EXCEPTIOn: when the RTC grants execution If the court of appeals has original jurisdiction who will issue the writ?
pending appeal in ejectment case. E di Court of appeals. They can issue the writ.
Do you apply res judicata in execution? YES rule 39 Sec 47 abc. Will it be possible Napocor case. Losing party filed a mr the other
Sec 47 refers to effect of judgment. party filed a motion for execution pending appeal. Which will the
court entertain? MR first! Motin for execution pending appeal must be
Barrette vs CA: doctrine of res jduicta has 2 aspects: held in abeyance until mr is resolved. If no MR was filed and there
1. bar to a further prosecutin of same claim was a motion execution pending appeal already, that discretionary
2. precludes a relitigation of a particular fact or issue in another execution will become mooted and execution will become a matter of
action: PRECLUSION OF ISSUE right because no mr was filed.
Sec 1 of Rule 39 Solidbank vs Court of Appeals. No mention of
Contract between A and B to build NAIA 3. B instiuted action to decision of interest, sheriff imposed 12%. This is void. The execution
nullify the contract. TC said contract valid. This is res judicata. is void. Sheriff has an administrative function only.
Any contract as to the constructionof Naia is res judicata. Clerk of court is the ex officio sheriff. The sheriff cannot go beyond
How bout if the subcontractors sued A? can they sue A? yes. But can the dispositive portion.
the court pass upon the validity of contract with Naia? No more Maceda case. Issuance of the writ vs the awarding. At the outset it is
because of resjudicata. well to distinguish the issuance of the writ from the awarding thereof.
Function ordering the execution of judgment is judiciary. The order is
Case: 2/2007 Nepumoceno. Making reports after execution. execution and it devolves upon the judge to order. The issuance of
Who has duty? Sheriff the writ, the act, is merely ministerial. It could be delegated to the
Period to make report? Sec 14 rule 39 clerk of court may issue. The grant is judicial.
Period of 30 days. Intervals of 30 days,make report and inventory. Bajet vs Bakiling 2000case. Sec 14 Rule 35. The lifetime of the writ.
Every 30 unitl full satisfaction of the writ. 30 days is not the life of the The life of the writ. 5 years.druing the period which the judgment may
writ. be enforced by motion.
Cagayan de OroVs CA 1999 case. A lawful levy on an execution is Collado vs Heirs of Cleofante Nov 23, 2007. Can you have an
an indispensible to a valid sale. independent action for damages based on the implementation of a
Levy should be made on the register of deeds wehre the property is writ of execution. Is this correct? NO! it cannot be subject of an
located if real property. independent action. Any claim for damages brought about by the
Since it was not filed prior to the execution sale, then levy was not implementation of the execution shall be raised only in the same
effected. action.
Levy would depend on the nature of property. Sec6 Revival of judgment to an independent action. The lifetime of
Real property: REGISTER OF DEEDS the writ is five years and you can enforce a judgment by motion
Personal: tao mismo within a period of 5 years from entry of judgment. File MOTION FOR
Shares of stock: corporation Execution. After the lapse, you cannot file a motion. But you can file
an independent action within ten years from the entry of judgment.
A lawful levy is indispensible to a valid sale. Unless preceded, sale is
void and purchaser acquires no title over the property. Ten years is from the Civil Code. Prescriptive period of a judgment.
After you were able to revive the judgment by independent action,
you can file again motion for execution within 5 years from the entry
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of judgment of the revived judgment. If again unable to file motion, 3. for money judgment, GARNISHMENT. When you garnish it is not
can file independent action within 10 years from entry of revived limited to bank deposits it extends to royalties, annuities commission.
judgment. But most common is bank deposit. First act of the court is to issue an
order of garnishment requiring the recipient to inform the court if he
Sec 34 how bout this section? Also captions revival of judgment. This has sufficient funds if not, the court will be informed also. Thereafter
is not the same. Sec 6 covers revival of judgment upon an if there is sufficient funds, the court will order the release of the funds
independent action. Sec34 will apply in case of auction sale and the in which case the payment will be sent to judgment obligee.
purchaser was unable to take possession of the thing. Someone
claimed to have a better interest. What can you do? Sec 10 Specific acts
1. file recovery in same action by motion Before I discuss section 10 let me touch on the question of contempt.
2. or in separate action
3. that which gave you the title. Have judgment revived in your own If the judgment obligor refuses to pay money but you know that he
name. The purchaser who is not the judgment obligee will file motion has, he cannot be held in contempt because there are other options
for revival of judgment in his own name. He will take place the made available by the law. You can still levy or garnish.
judgment obligee. Therefore he can execute, levy on personal
property. Sec 10 special or specific acts; this covers an instance where
judgment obligor requires to perform an act like you execute a sale.
Co case: Effect of execution pending appeal. Once an appeal is Refuse to execute deed of sale,Can he be placed in contempt?No, if
perfected you can’t anymore file an execution pending appeal in the he refuses to act, the court can ask someone else to perform if
trial court because juris has been lost. Can you file a motion for none,court can consider it as performed.
discretionary execution in the appellate court? YES.
Recover possession/transfer of property.
Are there judgments which are executory? Yes.
Injunction,accounting,receivership and support. Can you still Is a writ of execution sufficient to demolish improvement over the
appeal? Yes, however it will not stay execution. premises? No! a demolition order should always be based on
special order of the court after notice and hearing.
In case of death during the time judgment was final and executor,
sec 7 will apply HUWAG MO isubstitute. Only substitute if case is The third one is sec 11. Remember this, special judgments.
pending or on appeal. Once judgment oblige dies: execution can take Only you can perform. It is purely personal, such that the court
place requires you, if there is a motion, a certified true copy of the judgment
obligor dies: can take place, interest or lien on real or personal should be attached. This time you can be cited for contempt.
property. can execute against executor and administrator if there is
right or interest over real and personal property. Rule 86. Basta pera, An attachment cannot be erased by an auction sale. A lien can
estate. IF MONEY, proceed against estate not to executor or always be subject to a preference in time.
administrator.
Properties exempt from execution. MEMORIZE. Remember that in all
You could pursue an action against executor or administrator if it those exempted mortgaged, it is not exempted, it can be subject to a
involves property of the deceased, acts of negligence of the foreclosure.
deceased that resulted to damages and all other actions that
survived. PUNITIVE DAMAGES
Only found in Sec17. It covers defacing and removal of notice of
What if there is already a levy? Can execution proceed even if sale. In amount not exceeding 5000 php.
judgment obligor dies? Yes, sale shall proceed.
THIRD PARTY CLAIM
Sec 9 10 and 11. How to execute? It is a judgment oblige who wants to execute but it is not he who will
execute it is the sheriff. It is the duty of the sheriff to execute.Subject
Money judgment: provision section 9 will apply of the execution is claimed by someoneelse. The third partyclaimant
Outline of section 9 will serve an affidavit to the sheriff likewise copy to obligee. What is
If the judgment is for sums of money, the judgment obligor will have the effect of the serive of affidavit of the third party claimant?
to pay money or certified bank checks. PDC? Di pwede. Promissory Execution will be suspended. Can the sheriff continue? Yes only if
note? No. to whom payment made? Oblige or in his absence, obligee will post a bond in favor of third party claimant.
representatives. Absent both, payment delivered to sheriff who will Who is a third party claimant? A third party claimant is a stranger to
deliver it to the clerk of court and deposit it to the account of the the action. A third party could vindicate his right in a separate action.
court.. Judgment obligee can vindicate his right in same action or separate
action. Deal with spouses. He is an officer of the corporation and he
Second option: levy on personal or real property. Take note that made a personal surety over the loan of his company. Unfortunately
obligor is given a choice to choose what property he wants to be corp was not able to pay. The creditor ran after him. His property was
executed on. If he doesn’t make a choice, personal first. Does it executed on. Galit si misis. She filed a separate action and believed
mean that if there is a levy, the oblige can appropriate to himself? she is a third party claimant. Is she a stranger? If it’s a conjugal or
NO! there should always be an auction sale.
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community property, she is not a stranger, so must be in the same If you discovered that obligor and interest over property asmortagaor,
action. If exclusive property, must pursue it in an independent action. you can ask court to sell the property on public auction.
Notices. You discovered that some properties are In name of third parties who
Walang sale kung walang notice. There are two kinds of notice: denies that obligor owns it, obligee seek court for it to be sold within
Notice to the public and notice to the judgment obligor. 120 days from order.refusal of oblige to sell, Obligee will expose him
to contempt, because he has to sell it within 120 days.
Notice to the public:
Perishable goods- 3 places ok na un.
Personal property – not more than 5 days Satisfaction of judgment 44 and 45.
Real property – 20 days and if the assessed value exceeds 50,000 If the writ of execution is returned to the court, it is satisfied.
there should be publication of a newspaper of general circulation If the writ ofexeuction is returned for whatever reason, it is satisfied.
Notice to judgment obligor: 2. written acknowledgment by party or counsel that it has been
3 days before sale except with perishable goods satisfied
3.endorsement that it ahs been satisfied on the face of the records of
Certificate of sale the case. There is a notationon the face duly signed by lawyer or
Do you need a certificate of sale of personal property capable of party that judgment has been fully satisfied.
manual delivery? No, but yes if requested.
If not capable of manual delivery,, required! With or without consent.satisfactionwith consent : endorsement and
Real properties? Yes! written acknowledgment
A description, land area, owner thereof specified in certificate of sale.
Without consent: there are times that the oblige refuses to admit that
If a purchaser is the oblige and his bid is less than award, no need to it has been satisfied. If the court is convinced even without consent
pay. But he should participate in the sale; cannot appropriate. that the judgment has been satisfied. It will enter satisfaction of
judgment.the court has the power even if without consent if it is
What is the redemption period? convinced.
Sec 28
Who can redeem? Judgment obligor and redemptioneers those who EFFECTS OF JUDGMENT
have an interest, lien or even creditors A judgment is conclusive if it involves titile to the things, relationship,
status, but only prima faciie as to death if probate or letters of
What is the period? One year.. administration. Because it can be filed during his lifetime.
Section 1 very categorical. Section 28 is very clear that one year is
for obligor and redemptioneers. If obligor redeems, no more Effect of foreign judgment: conclusive as to tiltle of the thing prima
redemptions allowed. facieasto parites and successors in interest. contest it?yes also in
Iba ang execution sa foreclosure sale. What im discussing right now arbitral awardsl on ground of faud,collusion, notice,mistake of fact . a
applies only to execution. foreing arbitral award is not a judgment.
Who will be in possession during the redemption period? Th
ejudgment obligor will keep in possession. Do not enforce arbitral award.apply recongintion in rtc. Because not
capable of pecuniary estimation. But for puposes of filing fees,it is not
Can the judgment obligor during the redemption period change the so. Mijares case.filing is fixed amount.
nature of the property? No. who will be entitled to profits and rents?
Judgment obligor. An ordinary action vs action for enforcement of foregin judgment.
Oa: there should be cause of action
Foreign: no need.
After lapse of redemption period, there would be a consolidation in
name of purchaser. Oa: need to litigate and hear
Foreign: no need to relitigate because foreing court already litigated
What are remedies in cases of difficulty of satisfying your judgment?
Sec35 to 43
1. the court can examine the judgment obligor
Can he be sobpena? Yes.
Can it examine obligor’s debtor? Yes
The debt will be charged. Meaning payment will be directed to
obligee or court or directly to sheriff.
They can require attendance of them through subpoena.
Pwede ba installment? Yes, if after investigation the court is
convinced.
Court can appoint a receiver for the preservation of property.
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