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Example 1 ) 259
9*2= 18.
25-18 = 7 which is divisible by 7 so 259 is also divisible by 7.
Example 2 ) 2793
3*2= 6
279-6= 273
now 3*2=6
27-6= 21 which is divisible by 7 so 2793 is also divisible by 7 .
1) 2841
2) 3873
3) 1393
4) 2877
EXAMPLE 1 : 44
50-44=6
Sq of 6 =36
25-6 = 19
So answer 1936
EXAMPLE 2 : 47
50-47=3
Sq 0f 3 = 09
25-3= 22
So answer = 2209
EXAMPLE :
SQ (431)
If the option provided to you are such that the last two digits are
different, then you need to carry out first two steps only , thus
saving time. You may save up to 30 seconds on each
calculations and if there are 4 such questions you save 2
minutes which may really affect UR Percentile score.
PYTHAGORAS THEROEM :
In any given exam there are about 2 to 3 questions based on pythagoras theorem.
Wouldn't it be nice that you remember some of the pythagoras triplets thus
saving up to 30 seconds in each question. This saved time may be used to attempt
other questions. Remember one more right question may make a lot of difference
in UR PERCENTILE score.
The unique set of pythagoras triplets with the Hypotenuse less than 100 or one of
the side less than 20 are as follows :
(3,4,5), (5, 12, 13), (8, 15, 17), (7, 24, 25), (20, 21, 29), (12, 35, 37), (9, 40, 41), (28,
45, 53), (11, 60, 61), (33, 56, 65), (16, 63, 65), (48, 55, 73), (36, 77, 85), (13, 84,
85), (39, 80, 89), and (65, 72, 97).
(15,112,113), (17,144,145), (19,180,181), (20,99,101)
If you multiply the digits of the above mentioned sets by any constant you will
again get a pythagoras triplet .
You will notice that in any case, whether it is a unique triplet or it is a derived
triplet (derived by multiplying a constant to a unique triplet), all the three
numbers cannot be odd.
In case of unique triplet , the hypotenuse is always odd and one of the remaining
side is odd the other one is even.
Below are the first few unique triplets with first number as Odd.
345
5 12 13
7 24 25
9 40 41
11 60 61
You will notice following trend for unique triplets with first side as odd.
Please note that the above is not true for a derived triplet for example 9,12 and 15,
which has been obtained from multiplying 3 to the triplet of 3,4,5. You may check
for other derived triplets.
Below are the first few unique triplets with first number as Even .
435
8 15 17
12 35 37
16 63 65
20 99 101
You will notice following trend for unique triplets with first side as Even.
PROFIT AND LOSS : In every exam there are from one to three
questions on profit and loss, stating that the cost was first
increased by certain % and then decreased by certain %. How
nice it would be if there was an easy way to calculate the final
change in % of the cost with just one formula. It would really help
you in saving time and improving UR Percentile. Here is the
formula for the same :
So if 5 % = 1,000
then 100 % = 20,000.
C.P = 20,000
S.P = 20,000+ 1000= 21,000.
So if 25 % = 5,000
then 100 % = 20,000.
C.P = 20,000
S.P = 20,000 - 5,000= 15,000.
Solution :
TYPE1 : (100* 60 ) / (100+60) = 37.5 %
TYPE 2 : (100* 60 ) / (100-60) = 150 %
To find the number of factors of a given number, express the number as a product
of powers of prime numbers.
Now, increment the power of each of the prime numbers by 1 and multiply the
result.
Therefore, there will 10 factors including 1 and 48. Excluding, these two
numbers, you will have 10 – 2 = 8 factors.
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To find the squares of numbers near numbers of which squares are known
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For an equation f(x)=0 , the maximum number of positive roots it can have is the
number of sign changes in f(x) ; and the maximum number of negative roots it
can have is the number of sign changes in f(-x) .
Hence the remaining are the minimum number of imaginary roots of the
equation(Since we also know that the index of the maximum power of x is the
number of roots of an equation.)
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|x| + |y| >= |x+y| (|| stands for absolute value or modulus )
(Useful in solving some inequations)
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++
For any regular polygon , the sum of the exterior angles is equal to 360 degrees
hence measure of any external angle is equal to 360/n. ( where n is the number of
sides)
For any regular polygon , the sum of interior angles =(n-2)180 degrees
Square =90
Pentagon =108
Hexagon =120
Heptagon =128.5
Octagon =135
Nonagon =140
Decagon = 144
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++
If any parallelogram can be inscribed in a circle , it must be a rectangle.
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(GM)^2 = AM * HM
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(a+b+c) * (1/a+1/b+1/c)>=9
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+++
For any positive integer n
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+++
a^4+b^4+c^4+d^4 >=4abcd
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If a+b+c+d=constant , then the product a^p * b^q * c^r * d^s will be maximum
if a/p = b/q = c/r = d/s .
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a1x+b1y=c1
a2x+b2y=c2
Then ,
If a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2 , then we have infinite solutions for these equations.
If a1/a2 = b1/b2 <> c1/c2 , then we have no solution for these equations.(<>
means not equal to )
If a1/a2 <> b1/b2 , then we have a unique solutions for these equations..
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+++ For any quadrilateral whose diagonals intersect at right angles , the area of
the quadrilateral is
0.5*d1*d2, where d1,d2 are the lenghts of the diagonals.
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+++
Problems on clocks can be tackled as assuming two runners going round a circle ,
Thus the minute hand describes 5(1/2) degrees more than the hour hand per
minute .
The hour and the minute hand meet each other after every 65(5/11) minutes after
being together at midnight.
(This can be derived from the above) .
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+++
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Given the coordinates (a,b) (c,d) (e,f) (g,h) of a parallelogram , the coordinates of
the meeting point of the diagonals can be found out by solving for
[(a+e)/2,(b+f)/2] =[ (c+g)/2 , (d+h)/2]
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Area of a triangle
1/2*base*altitude = 1/2*a*b*sinC = 1/2*b*c*sinA = 1/2*c*a*sinB = root(s*(s-
a)*(s-b)*(s-c)) where s=a+b+c/2
=a*b*c/(4*R) where R is the CIRCUMRADIUS of the triangle = r*s ,where r is
the inradius of the triangle .
In any triangle
a=b*CosC + c*CosB
b=c*CosA + a*CosC
c=a*CosB + b*CosA
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+++x^n -a^n = (x-a)(x^(n-1) + x^(n-2) + …….+ a^(n-1) ) ……Very useful for
finding multiples .For example (17-14=3 will be a multiple of 17^3 – 14^3)
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In a GP the product of any two terms equidistant from a term is always constant .
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For a cyclic quadrilateral , area = root( (s-a) * (s-b) * (s-c) * (s-d) ) , where
s=(a+b+c+d)/2
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(m+n)! is divisible by m! * n! .
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++++++++
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The sum of an infinite GP = a/(1-r) , where a and r are resp. the first term and
common ratio of the GP .
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+++
The equation whose roots are the reciprocal of the roots of the equation
ax^2+bx+c is cx^2+bx+a
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+++
The coordinates of the centroid of a triangle with vertices (a,b) (c,d) (e,f)
is((a+c+e)/3 , (b+d+f)/3) .
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+++
The ratio of the radii of the circumcircle and incircle of an equilateral triangle is
2:1 .
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APPOLLONIUS THEOREM:
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The HCF and LCM of two nos. are equal when they are equal .
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In an isosceles triangle , the perpendicular from the vertex to the base or the
angular bisector from vertex to base bisects the base.
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++
In any triangle the angular bisector of an angle bisects the base in the ratio of the
other two sides.
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+++The quadrilateral formed by joining the angular bisectors of another
quadrilateral is
always a rectangle.
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WINE and WATER formula:
then ,
A/Q = (1-q/Q)^n
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3,4,5 (3^2=4+5)
5,12,13 (5^2=12+13)
7,24,25 (7^2=24+25)
8,15,17 (8^2 / 2 = 15+17 )
9,40,41 (9^2=40+41)
11,60,61 (11^2=60+61)
12,35,37 (12^2 / 2 = 35+37)
16,63,65 (16^2 /2 = 63+65)
20,21,29(EXCEPTION)
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+++
Appolonius theorem could be applied to the 4 triangles formed in a
parallelogram.
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++++++++
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+++++++
when a three digit number is reversed and the difference of these two numbers is
taken , the middle number is always 9 and the sum of the other two numbers is
always 9 .
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ANy function of the type y=f(x)=(ax-b)/(bx-a) is always of the form x=f(y) .
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Let a be the side of an equilateral triangle . then if three circles be drawn inside
this triangle touching each other then each’s radius = a/(2*(root(3)+1))
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+++++++
Let ‘x’ be certain base in which the representation of a number is ‘abcd’ , then the
decimal value of this number is a*x^3 + b*x^2 + c*x + d
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++++++
when you multiply each side of the inequality by -1, you have to reverse the
direction of the inequality.
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+++
=3025
(56)^2 = 25+6/36
=3136
(59)^2 = 25+9/81
=3481
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+++
many of u must b aware of this formula, but the ppl who don’t know it must b
useful for them.
a+b+(ab/100)
and if there is a decrease then it will be preceeded by a -ve sign and likeiwse
Numbers
2^2n-1 = (3-1)^2n -1
= 3M +1 -1
= 3M, thus divisible by 3
ANS : (2^6-1)(3^8-1)(5^4-1)(7^3-1)/2.4.6
Funda : if a number ‘n’ is represented as
a^x * b^y * c^z ….
where, {a,b,c,.. } are prime numbers then
Quote:
(a) the total number of factors is (x+1)(y+1)(z+1) ….
(b) the total number of relatively prime numbers less than the
number is n * (1-1/a) * (1-1/b) * (1-1/c)….
(c) the sum of relatively prime numbers less than the number is n/2 *
n * (1-1/a) * (1-1/b) * (1-1/c)….
(d) the sum of factors of the number is {a^(x+1)} * {b^(y+1)} * …../
(x*y*…)
ANS: 49-20 = 29, now if one of the y,z is zero, then the sum of other 2 squares
shud be equal to 29, which means, x can take a max value at 5
ANS :
sum = 10.33 + 10.66 + 11.33 + 11.66 + 12.33 + 12.66 + 13.33 + 13.66…….
= 21 + 23 + ……
= 300
10) When 987 and 643 are divided by same number ‘n’ the reminder is
also same, what is that number if the number is a odd prime number?
ANS : since both leave the same reminder, let the reminder be ‘r’,
then, 987 = an + r
and 643 = bn + r and thus
987 – 643 is divisible by ‘r’ and
987 – 643 = 344 = 86 * 4 = 43 * 8 and thus the prime is 43
hence ‘r’ is 43
11 7 4
|\\
563
302 mod 4 = 2
75 mod 7 = 5
10 mod 11 = 10
14) There is a seller of cigarette and match boxes who sits in the
narrow lanes of cochin. He prices the cigarettes at 85 p, but found
that there are no takers. So he reduced the price of cigarette and
managed to sell all the cigarettes, realising Rs. 77.28 in all. What is the
number of cigarettes?
a) 49
b) 81
c) 84
d) 92
ANS : (d)
since 77.28 = 92 * 84, and since price of cigarette is less than 85, we have (d) as
answer
Quote:
Quote:
Quote:
CAT 2002 has 2 questions on the above simple concept
EXAMPLE: The reminders when 3 numbers 1221, 1331, 1441 are divided by
certain number 9 are 6, 8, 1 respectively. What would be the reminder when you
divide 3993 with
EXAMPLE: What is the remainder left when 1073 * 1079 * 1087 is divided by
119 ? ( seen this kinda questions alot )
1073 % 119 = ?
since 1190 is divisible by 119, 1073 mod 119 is 2
and thus, “the remainder left when 1073 * 1079 * 1087 is divided by 119 ” is
2*8*16 mod 119 and that is 256 mod 119 and that is (238 + 18 ) mod 119 and that
is 18
find the number of zeroes in 1^1* 2^2* 3^3* 4^4………….. 98^98* 99^99*
100^100
[n/5]+[n/5^2]…[n/5^r]
where r is such that 5^r<=n<5^(r+1)
for the numerator find the number of zeros using the above formulae..
Example 1 ) 259
9*2= 18.
25-18 = 7 which is divisible by 7 so 259 is also divisible by 7.
Example 2 ) 2793
3*2= 6
279-6= 273
now 3*2=6
27-6= 21 which is divisible by 7 so 2793 is also divisible by 7 .
1) 2841
2) 3873
3) 1393
4) 2877
EXAMPLE 1 : 44
50-44=6
Sq of 6 =36
25-6 = 19
So answer 1936
EXAMPLE 2 : 47
50-47=3
Sq 0f 3 = 09
25-3= 22
So answer = 2209
EXAMPLE :
SQ (431)
If the option provided to you are such that the last two digits are
different, then you need to carry out first two steps only , thus
saving time. You may save up to 30 seconds on each
calculations and if there are 4 such questions you save 2
minutes which may really affect UR Percentile score.
PYTHAGORAS THEROEM :
In any given exam there are about 2 to 3 questions based on pythagoras theorem.
Wouldn’t it be nice that you remember some of the pythagoras triplets thus
saving up to 30 seconds in each question. This saved time may be used to attempt
other questions. Remember one more right question may make a lot of difference
in UR PERCENTILE score.
The unique set of pythagoras triplets with the Hypotenuse less than 100 or one of
the side less than 20 are as follows :
(3,4,5), (5, 12, 13), (8, 15, 17), (7, 24, 25), (20, 21, 29), (12, 35, 37), (9, 40, 41), (28,
45, 53), (11, 60, 61), (33, 56, 65), (16, 63, 65), (48, 55, 73), (36, 77, 85), (13, 84,
85), (39, 80, 89), and (65, 72, 97).
(15,112,113), (17,144,145), (19,180,181), (20,99,101)
If you multiply the digits of the above mentioned sets by any constant you will
again get a pythagoras triplet .
You will notice that in any case, whether it is a unique triplet or it is a derived
triplet (derived by multiplying a constant to a unique triplet), all the three
numbers cannot be odd.
In case of unique triplet , the hypotenuse is always odd and one of the remaining
side is odd the other one is even.
Below are the first few unique triplets with first number as Odd.
3 4 5
5 12 13
7 24 25
9 40 41
11 60 61
You will notice following trend for unique triplets with first side as odd.
Please note that the above is not true for a derived triplet for example 9,12 and
15, which has been obtained from multiplying 3 to the triplet of 3,4,5. You may
check for other derived triplets.
Below are the first few unique triplets with first number as Even .
4 3 5
8 15 17
12 35 37
16 63 65
20 99 101
You will notice following trend for unique triplets with first side as Even.
PROFIT AND LOSS : In every exam there are from one to three
questions on profit and loss, stating that the cost was first
increased by certain % and then decreased by certain %. How
nice it would be if there was an easy way to calculate the final
change in % of the cost with just one formula. It would really help
you in saving time and improving UR Percentile. Here is the
formula for the same :
So if 5 % = 1,000
then 100 % = 20,000.
C.P = 20,000
S.P = 20,000+ 1000= 21,000.
So if 25 % = 5,000
then 100 % = 20,000.
C.P = 20,000
S.P = 20,000 – 5,000= 15,000.
Solution :
TYPE1 : (100* 60 ) / (100+60) = 37.5 %
TYPE 2 : (100* 60 ) / (100-60) = 150 %