fMichael Jackson Biography

in full Michael Joseph Jackson

( 1958 – 2009 )

Singer, songwriter. Jackson was born August 29, 1958, in Gary, Indiana, to an African-American working-
class family. His father, Joseph Jackson, had been a guitarist but had put aside his musical aspirations to
provide for his family as a crane operator. Believing his sons had talent, he molded them into a musical
group in the early 1960s. At first, the Jackson Family performers consisted of Michael's older brothers Tito,
Jermaine, and Jackie. Michael joined his siblings when he was five, and emerged as the group's lead
vocalist. He showed remarkable range and depth for such a young performer, impressing audiences with
his ability to convey complex emotions. Older brother Marlon also became a member of the group, which
evolved into the The Jackson 5.

Behind the scenes, Joseph Jackson pushed his sons to succeed. He was also reportedly known to
become violent with them. Michael and his brothers spent endless hours rehearsing and polishing up their
aact. At first, the Jackson 5 played local gigs and built a strong following. They recorded one single on
their own, "Big Boy" with the b-side "You've Changed," but it failed to generate much interest.

The Jackson 5 moved on to working an opening act for such R&B artists as Gladys Knight and the Pips,
James Brown, and Sam and Dave. Many of these performers were signed to the legendary Motown record
label, and it has been reported that Gladys Knight may have been the one to tell Motown founder Berry
Gordy about the Jackson 5. Impressed by the group, Gordy signed them to his label in 1968.

Relocating to Los Angeles, Michael and his brothers started work on their music and dancing with their
father as their manager. They lived with Gordy and also with Supremes singer Diana Ross when they first
arrived there. In August 1969, the Jackson 5 was introduced to the music industry at a special event, and
later served as the opening act for the Supremes. Their first album, Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5,
hit the charts in December of that year. It's first single, "I Want You Back," hit No. 1 on the Billboard Hot
100 chart in January 1970.

More chart-topping singles quickly followed, such as "ABC," "The Love You Save," and "I'll Be There." At
the age of 13, Jackson launched a solo career in addition to his work with the Jackson 5. He made the
charts in 1971 with "Got to Be There" from the album of the same name. His 1972 album, Ben, featured
the eponymous ballad about a rat. The song became Jackson's first solo No. 1 single.

For several years, Michael Jackson and the Jackson 5 maintained a busy tour and recording schedule,
under the supervision of Berry Gordy and his Motown staff. Gordy wrote many of the songs recorded by
the group and by Michael Jackson as a solo artist. The group became so popular that they even had their
own self-titled cartoon show, which ran from 1971 to 1973.

Despite Jackson's individual achievements and the group's great success, there was trouble between the
Jacksons and their record company. Tensions mounted between Gordy and Joseph Jackson over the
management of his children's careers, and their level of participation in making their music. The Jacksons
wanted more control over their recordings, which led to most of the Jacksons breaking ties with Motown in
1975. Jermaine Jackson remained with the label and continued to pursue a solo career, having previously
released several albums—none of which had matched the success of his younger brother Michael.

Now calling themselves the Jacksons, the group signed a new recording deal with Epic Records. With
1978's Destiny, Michael Jackson and his brothers (which by now included younger brother Randy)
emerged as talented songwriters, penning all of the record's tracks. Working with producer Quincy Jones,
Michael Jackson wowed the music world with his next solo album, 1979's Off the Wall. It featured an
infectious blend of pop and funk with such hit tracks as the Grammy Award-winning "Don't Stop 'til You Get
Enough," "Rock with You," and the title track. He also found success with the ballad "She's Out of My Life."

The overwhelmingly positive response to Michael's latest solo album also helped buoy the Jacksons'
career as well. Triumph (1980) sold more than one million copies, and the brothers went on an extensive
tour to support the recording. Jackson, however, began to branch out on his own more. Teaming up with
rock legend Paul McCartney, Jackson sang on their 1982 duet, "The Girl Is Mine," which nearly reached
the top of the pop charts.

The song also appeared on his next solo album, Thriller (1982), which generated seven top 10 hits. On a
television special honoring Motown, Jackson performed "Billie Jean"—eventually a number one hit—and
debuted his soon-to-be-famous dance move called the moonwalk. Jackson, a veteran performer by this
time, created this step himself and choreographed the dance sequences for the video of his other No. 1
hit, "Beat It."

His most elaborate video, however, was for the album's title track. John Landis directed the horror-tinged
video, which featured complex dance scenes, special effects, and a voice-over done by actor Vincent
Price. The video for "Thriller" became immensely popular, boosting sales for the already successful album.
It stayed on the charts for 80 weeks, holding the No. 1 spot for 37 weeks. In addition to its unparalleled
commercial achievements, Thriller earned 12 Grammy Award nominations and won eight of those awards.

Jackson's Grammy victories showcased the diverse nature of his work. For his songwriting talents, he
received the Grammy Award for Best Rhythm and Blues Song for "Billie Jean." Jackson also won Best
Pop Vocal Performance, Male for "Thriller" and Best Rock Vocal Performance, Male for "Beat It." With co-
producer Quincy Jones, he shared the Grammy Award for Album of the Year.

At the top of his game creatively and commercially, Jackson signed a $5 million endorsement deal with
Pepsi-Cola around this time. He, however, was badly injured while filming a commercial for the soda giant
in 1984, suffering burns to his face and scalp. Jackson had surgery to repair his injuries, and is believed to
have begun experimenting with plastic surgery around this time. His face, especially his nose, would
become dramatically altered in the coming years.

That same year, Jackson embarked on his final tour with the Jacksons to the support the album Victory.
The one major hit from the recording was Michael Jackson's duet with Mick Jagger, "State of Shock." In
1985, Jackson showed his altruistic side, co-writing and singing on "We Are the World," a charity single for
USA for Africa. A veritable who's who of music stars participated in the project including Lionel Ritchie,
Ray Charles, Bob Dylan, Willie Nelson, Bruce Springsteen, and Tina Turner.

Releasing his follow-up to Thriller in 1987, Jackson reached the top of the charts with Bad. It featured five
No. 1 hits, including "Man in the Mirror," "The Way You Make Me Feel," and the title track, which was
supported by a video directed by Martin Scorsese. Jackson spent more than a year on the road, playing
concerts to promote the album. While successful, Bad was unable to duplicate the phenomenal sales of
Thriller.

Raised as a Jehovah's Witness, Jackson was a shy and quiet person off-stage. He was never truly
comfortable with the media attention he received and rarely gave interviews. By the late 1980s, Jackson
had created his own fantasy retreat—a California ranch called Neverland. There he kept exotic pets, such
as a chimpanzee named Bubbles, and had his own amusement rides. To some, it seemed that Jackson
perhaps was exploring a second childhood. He sometimes opened up the ranch for children's events.
Rumors swirled around him, including that he was lightening the color of his skin to appear more white and
slept in a special chamber to increase his life span.

In 1991, Jackson released Dangerous, featuring the hit "Black or White." The video for this song included
an appearance by child star Macaulay Culkin, and was directed by John Landis. In the video's final
minutes, Jackson caused some controversy with his sexual gesturing and violent actions. Many were
surprised to see the Peter Pan-like Jackson act in this manner.

Jackson's music continued to enjoy wide-spread popularity in the upcoming years. In 1993, he performed
several important events, including the half-time show at Superbowl XXVII. Jackson gave a rare television
interview, which aired that February. Sitting down with Oprah Winfrey, he explained that the change in his
skin tone was the result of a disease known as vitiligo. Jackson also opened about the abuse he suffered
from his father.

Allegations of child molestation against Jackson emerged later that year. A 13-year-old boy claimed that
the music star had fondled him. Jackson was known to have sleepovers with boys at his Neverland Ranch,
but this was the first public charge of wrongdoing. The police searched the ranch, but they found no
evidence to support the claim. The following year, Jackson settled the case out of court with the boy's
family. Other allegations emerged, but Jackson maintained his innocence.

In August 1994, Jackson announced that he had married Lisa Marie Presley, daughter of rock icon Elvis
Presley. The couple gave a joint television interview with Diane Sawyer, but the union proved to be short-
lived. They divorced in 1996. Some thought that the marriage was a publicity ploy to restore Jackson's
image after the molestation allegations.

Later that same year, Jackson wed nurse Debbie Rowe. The couple had two children through artificial
insemination. Son Prince Michael Jackson was born in 1997 and daughter Paris Michael Jackson was
born in 1998. Rowe and Jackson divorced in 1999 with Jackson receiving full custody of their two children.
He would go on to have a third child, Prince Michael Jackson II, with an unknown surrogate.

Jackson's musical career began to decline with the lukewarm reception to 1995's HIStory: Past, Present,
and Future, Book I, which featured some of his earlier hits as well as new material. The record spawned
two hits, "You Are Not Alone" and his duet with sister Janet Jackson, "Scream." "Scream" earned Michael
and Janet a Grammy Award for Best Music Video, Short Form that year. Another track from the album,
"They Don't Care About Us," however, brought Jackson intense criticism for using an anti-Semitic term.

By the release of 2001's Invincible, Jackson was better known as an eccentric whose quirks were reported
in the tabloids than as a performer. The album sold well, but stories of his odd behavior started to
overshadow his talent. He often appeared in public wearing a surgical mask, and he hid his children's
faces under veils.
In 2002, Jackson made headlines when he seemed confused and disoriented on stage at an MTV awards
show. Soon after, he received enormous criticism for dangling his son, Prince Michael II, over a balcony
while greeting fans in Berlin, Germany. In a later interview, Jackson explained that "We were waiting for
thousands of fans down below, and they were chanting they wanted to see my child, so I was kind enough
to let them see. I was doing something out of innocence." But many were unforgiving of the star's
behavior, with former fans and media outlets clamoring to have Child Protective Services take Jackson's
children from him.

Jackson's reputation was served another blow in 2003 with the television documentary, Living with
Michael Jackson. British journalist Martin Bashir spent several months with Jackson, and he got Jackson
to discuss his relationships with children. He admitted that he continued to have children sleepover at his
ranch, even after the 1993 allegations. Jackson said that sometimes he slept with the children in his bed.
"Why can't you share your bed? That's the most loving thing to do, to share your bed with someone,"
Jackson told Beshir.

Jackson faced more legal woes in 2004 when he was arrested on charges related to incidents with a 13-
year-old boy the previous year. Facing 10 counts in all, he was charged with lewd conduct with a minor,
attempted lewd conduct, administering alcohol to facilitate molestation, and conspiracy to commit child
abduction, false imprisonment and extortion. The resulting 2005 trial was a media circus with fans,
detractors, and camera crews surrounding the courthouse. More than 130 people testified, including
Macaulay Culkin who appeared on Jackson's behalf. He said that he had been friends with Jackson as a
young teen. While he had stayed over at the Neverland Ranch, he told the court that Jackson never tried
to molest him. Jackson's accuser also appeared via videotape and described how Jackson had given him
wine and molested him.

On June 14, 2005, Jackson was acquitted of all charges. His reputation, however, was effectively
destroyed, and his finances were in shambles. Thanks to mounting legal bills, the singer no longer had a
bank account and was unable to maintain even his most basic finances. Jackson soon found refuge in his
friendship with the prince of Bahrain, Prince Salman Bin Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa, who wired Jackson the
money needed to pay Neverland's utility bills. He then invited the pop star to his country as a personal
guest.

In Bahrain, the prince provided Jackson with more than $7 million, not including living expenses. He also
built the singer a recording studio, hired him a "motivational guru" and helped Jackson to entertain family
at Christmas. In return, Jackson promised to collaborate with the prince on a new album on Al-Khalifa's
record label, as well as write an autobiography, and create a stage play. None of the work materialized,
however, and Jackson soon faced litigation from his friend for reneging on his promises. In even greater
financial straits, Jackson defaulted on the $23.5 million loan owed on his Neverland Ranch in 2008.
Unable to part with certain items, including the crystal gloves he used in performances, Jackson sued to
block the auction of some of his personal items from the home the following year.

Around this same time, the largely reclusive Jackson announced that he would be performing a series of
concerts in London as his "final curtain call." There had been some speculation regarding whether the
fragile singer would be able to handle the rigors of 50 concerts. Despite all of the allegations and stories of
odd behavior, Jackson remained a figure of great interest, as demonstrated by the strong response to his
concert plans; set to appear at the O2 Arena in London, England, beginning July 8, 2009, Jackson saw all
the tickets to his This Is It tour sell out in only four hours.
But Jackson would never get to experience the success of his comeback tour. On June 25, 2009, Jackson
suffered cardiac arrest in his Los Angeles home. He was rushed to the hospital after his heart stopped and
CPR attempts failed, but he died later that morning. He was 50 years old at the time of his death.

News of Jackson's death resulted in an outpouring of public grief and sympathy. Memorials to Jackson
were erected around the world, including one at the arena where he was set to perform and another at his
childhood home in Gary, Indiana. On July 12, 2009, a televised memorial was held for fans of the King of
Pop at the Staples Center in downtown Los Angeles. While 17,500 free tickets were issued to fans via
lottery, more than an estimated one billion viewers watched the memorial on television and the Internet.

The Jackson family held a private funeral on September 3, 2009, for the immediate family and 200 guests
at Forest Lawn Memorial park in Los Angeles. The celebrity mourners included former child star Macaulay
Culkin, ex-wife Lisa Marie Presley, and actress Elizabeth Taylor.

A film documenting Jackson's preparations for his final performance entitled This Is It, hit theaters in
October of 2009. The film, featuring a compilation of interviews, rehearsals and backstage footage of
Michael Jackson, made $23 million in its opening weekend and sky-rocketed to No. 1 at the box office.
This Is It would go on to make more than $260.8 million worldwide, and become the highest grossing
documentary of all time. With this final tribute, the family hoped to finally have closure on the passing of
Michael Jackson.

But in February 2010, the coroner released an official report detailing the cause of Jackson's death. The
results revealed that the singer died from "acute propofol intoxication." The overdose worked in
combination with a lethal prescription drug cocktail—which included the pain killer Demerol, as well as
lorazepam, midazolam, benzodiazepine, diazepine and ephedrine—to shut down the star's weakened
heart. Jackson reportedly used the drugs, with the aid of personal physician Dr. Conrad Murray, to help
him sleep in the evenings. Conrad later told police that he believed Jackson had developed a particular
addiction to propofol, which Jackson referred to as his "milk." He had the drug administered by I.V. in the
evenings in 50 mg dosages, and Murray was attempting to ween the pop star off the drug at the time of
Jackson's death.

A police investigation revealed that Murray was not licensed to prescribe most controlled drugs in the state
of California. The steps he took to save Jackson also came under scrutiny, as evidence showed that the
standard of care for administering propofol was not met, and the recommended equipment for patient
monitoring, precision dosing and resuscitation were not present. As a result, Jackson's death was ruled a
homicide, and Murray found himself at the center of an involuntary manslaughter investigation. The
Jackson family also began pursuing measures that would have Murray's medical license revoked. The
family is in continuing litigation with Murray.

Meanwhile, the Jackson family has attempted to move forward with their lives. As dictated in his will,
Jackson's children were placed in the care of their grandmother, Katherine Jackson. In respect to their
father's wishes, Paris, Prince Michael and Prince Michael II (also known as "Blanket") have been kept
largely out of the limelight, appearing publicly only a few times in the last year. They stepped up to the mic
in 2009 to speak to fans at their father's funeral, and again in January 2010 to accept a posthumous
Lifetime Achievement Award for their father at the Grammys. In June 2010, it was announced that the
children will be heading to private school in the fall.

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