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Painting», Artibus Asiae 33 (1971), o , 39-74, Cornelius P. Chang, «Kuan-yin Paintings from Tun-huang: Water Moon Kuan-yin», Journal of Oriental Studies (1977), cr. tltO-60 x.a.

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