Political Order in Changing Societies

SUB Hamburg

A/472157
Samuel P. Huntington

Foreword by Francis Fukuyama

New Haven and London, Yale University Press

 Contents

List of Tables x
Foreword by Francis Fukuyama xi
Preface xix
1. POLITICAL ORDER AND POLITICAL DECAY I
The Political Gap 1
Political Institutions: Community and Political Order 8
Social Forces and Political Institutions 8
Criteria of Political Institutionalization 12
Political Institutions and Public Interests 24
Political Participation: Modernization and Political Decay 32
Modernization and Political Consciousness 32
Modernization and Violence 39
Modernization and Corruption 59
The City-Country Gap: Urban Breakthrough and Green
Uprising 72
Political Stability: Civic and Praetorian Polities 78
2. POLITICAL MODERNIZATION: AMERICA VS. EUROPE 93
Three Patterns of Modernization 93
Rationalization of Authority 98
Differentiation of Structure 109
Tudor Institutions and Mass Participation 122
Tudor Polity and Modernizing Societies 134
3. POLITICAL CHANGE IN TRADITIONAL POLITIES 140
Power, Institutions, and Political Modernization 140
Traditional Political Systems 148
Policy Innovation: Reform vs. Liberty 153
Group Assimilation: Pluralism vs. Equality 166
The King's Dilemma: Success vs. Survival 177
Transformation 177
Coexistence 180
Maintenance 185
Vlll CONTENTS

4. PRAETORIANISM AND POLITICAL DECAY 192

The Sources of Praetorianism 192
Oligarchical to Radical Praetorianism: Breakthrough
Coups and the Soldier as Reformer 198
Radical Praetorianism: Social Forces and Political
Techniques 208
Radical to Mass Praetorianism: Veto Coups and the 219
Soldier as Guardian
Praetorianism to Civic Order: The Soldier as Institution-
Builder 237
5. REVOLUTION AND POLITICAL ORDER 264
Modernization by Revolution 264
Institutional and Social Circumstances of Revolution 2 74
The City and Revolution 278
Lumpenproletariat 278
Industrial Labor 283
Middle-Class Intelligentsia 288
Peasants and Revolution 291
The Revolutionary Alliance and Nationalism 300
Political Development by Revolution 308
Community and Party 308
Mexico 315
Bolivia 325
Leninism and Political Development 334
6. REFORM AND POLITICAL CHANGE 344
Strategy and Tactics of Reform: Fabianism, Blitzkrieg,
and Violence 344
Reform: Substitute or Catalyst? 362
The Urban Intelligentsia: Reform as a Catalyst 369
The Peasantry: Reform as a Substitute 374
The Politics of Land Reform 380
7. PARTIES AND POLITICAL STABILITY 397
Modernization and Parties 397
Political Community in Modern Society 397
The Fragility of the No-Party State 403
Strong Parties and Political Stability 408
Processes of Party Development 412
Adaptability of Party Systems 420
CONTENTS IX

The Green Uprising: Party Systems and Rural Mobiliza-

tion 433
Parties and the Rural-Urban Gap 433
Rural Mobilization through Nationalist Struggle 438
Rural Mobilization through Party Competition: The
Conservatism of Democracy 443
Two-Party Competition and Ruralizing Elections 448
The Organizational Imperative 460
Index 463