GMAT Problems

Difficult Problems from the Math Section
1. The sum of the even numbers between 1 and n is 79*80, where n is an odd
number, then n=?
Sol: First term a=2, common difference d=2 since even number
therefore sum to first n numbers of Arithmetic progression would be
n/2(2a+(n-1)d)
= n/2(2*2+(n-1)*2)=n(n+1) and this is equal to 79*80
therefore n=79 which is odd...
2. The price of a bushel of corn is currently $3.20, and the price of a peck of
wheat is $5.80. The price of corn is increasing at a constant rate of 5x cents
per day while the price of wheat is decreasing at a constant rate of
cents per day. What is the approximate price when a bushel of corn costs the
same amount as a peck of wheat?
(A) $4.50
(B) $5.10
(C) $5.30
(D) $5.50
(E) $5.60
Soln: 320 + 5x = 580 - .41x; x = # of days after price is same;
solving for x; x is approximately 48, thus the required price is 320 + 5 * 48 = 560
cents = $5.6
3. How many randomly assembled people do u need to have a better than 50%
prob. that at least 1 of them was born in a leap year?
Soln: Prob. of a randomly selected person to have NOT been born in a leap yr = 3/4
Take 2 people, probability that none of them was born in a leap = 3/4*3/4 = 9/16. The
probability at least one born in leap = 1- 9/16 = 7/16 < 0.5
Take 3 people, probability that none born in leap year = 3/4*3/4*3/4 = 27/64.
The probability that at least one born = 1 - 27/64 = 37/64 > 0.5
Thus min 3 people are needed.
4. In a basketball contest, players must make 10 free throws. Assuming a player

has 90% chance of making each of his shots, how likely is it that he will make
all of his first 10 shots?
Ans: The probability of making all of his first 10 shots is given by
(9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10) =
(9/10)^10 = 0.348 => 35%
5. AB + CD = AAA, where AB and CD are two-digit numbers and AAA is a
three digit number; A, B, C, and D are distinct positive integers. In the
addition problem above, what is the value of C?
(A) 1
(B) 3
(C) 7
(D) 9
(E) Cannot be determined

Ans: AB + CD = AAA
Since AB and CD are two digit numbers, then AAA must be 111
Therefore 1B + CD = 111
B can assume any value between 3 and 9
If B = 3, then CD = 111-13 = 98 and C = 9
If B = 9, then CD = 111-19 = 92 and C = 9
So for all B between 3 & 9, C = 9
Therefore the correct answer is D (C = 9)
6. A and B ran a race of 480 m. In the first heat, A gives B a head start of 48 m
and beats him by 1/10th of a minute. In the second heat, A gives B a head start
of 144 m and is beaten by 1/30th of a minute. What is B’s speed in m/s?
(A) 12
(B) 14
(C) 16
(D) 18
(E) 20
Ans: race 1 :- ta = tb-6 ( because A beats B by 6 sec)

race 2 :- Ta = tb+2 ( because A looses to B by 2 sec)
By the formula D= S * T
we get two equations
480/Sa = 432/Sb -6 ------------1)
480/Sa = 336/Sb +2------------2)
Equating these two equations we get Sb = 12
ta,Sa stand for time taken by A and speed of A resp.
7. A certain quantity of 40% solution is replaced with 25% solution such that
the new concentration is 35%. What is the fraction of the solution that was
replaced?
(A) 1/4
(B) 1/3
(C) 1/2
(D) 2/3
(E) ¾
Ans: Let X be the fraction of solution that is replaced.
Then X*25% + (1-X)*40% = 35%
Solving, you get X = 1/3
8. A person buys a share for $ 50 and sells it for $ 52 after a year. What is the
total profit made by him from the share?
(I) A company pays annual dividend
(II) The rate of dividend is 25%
(A) Statement (I) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (II) alone is not
sufficient
(B) Statement (II) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (I) is not sufficient
(C) BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement
alone is sufficient
(D) Each statement ALONE is sufficient
(E) Statements (I) and (II) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient
9. A bag contains 3 red, 4 black and 2 white balls. What is the probability of
drawing a red and a white ball in two successive draws, each ball being put
back after it is drawn?
(A) 2/27
(B) 1/9
(C) 1/3
(D) 4/27
(E) 2/9
Ans: Case I: Red ball first and then white ball
P1 = 3/9*2/9= 2/27
Case 2: White ball first and then red ball
P2 = 2/9*3/9 = 2/27
Therefore total probability: p1 + p2 = 4/27
10. What is the least possible distance between a point on the circle x^2 + y^2 = 1
and a point on the line y = 3/4*x - 3?
A) 1.4
B) sqrt (2)
C) 1.7
D) sqrt (3)
E) 2.0
Ans: The equation of the line will be 3x - 4y - 12 = 0.

This crosses the x and y axis at (0,-3) and (4,0)
The circle has the origin at the center and has a radius of 1 unit.
So it is closest to the given line when, a perpendicular is drawn to the line, which passes
through the origin.
This distance of the line from the origin is 12 / sqrt (9 + 16) which is 2.4
[Length of perpendicular from origin to line ax +by + c = 0 is
mod (c / sqrt (a^2 + b^2))]
The radius is 1 unit.
So the shortest distance is 2.4 - 1 unit = 1.4 units
11.
In the square above, 12w = 3x = 4y. What fractional part of the square is shaded?
A) 2/3
B) 14/25
C) 5/9
D) 11/25
E) 3/7
Sol: Since 12w=3x=4y,
w:x=3:12=1:4 and x:y=4:3
so, w = 1
x=4
y=3
the fractional part of the square is shaded:

{(w+x)^2 - [(1/2)wx + (1/2)wx +(1/2)xy + (1/2)w(2w)]}/(w+x)^2
= {(w+x)^2 - [wx + (1/2)xy + w^2)]}/[(w+x)^2]
=[(5^2) -(4+6+1)]/(5^2)
= (25 - 11)/25
= 14/25
12. The average of temperatures at noontime from Monday to Friday is 50; the
lowest one is 45, what is the possible maximum range of the temperatures?
20 25 40 45 75
Ans: The answer 25 doesn't refer to a temperature, but rather to a range of temperatures.
The average of the 5 temps is: (a + b + c + d + e) / 5 = 50

One of these temps is 45: (a + b + c + d + 45) / 5 = 50
Solving for the variables: a + b + c + d = 205
In order to find the greatest range of temps, we minimize all temps but one. Remember,
though, that 45 is the lowest temp possible, so: 45 + 45 + 45 + d = 205
Solving for the variable: d = 70
70 - 45 = 25
13. If n is an integer from 1 to 96, what is the probability for n*(n+1)*(n+2) being
divisible by 8? 25% 50% 62.5% 72.5% 75%
Soln: E = n*(n+1)*(n+2)
E is divisible by 8, if n is even.
No of even numbers (between 1 and 96) = 48
E is divisible by 8, also when n = 8k - 1 (k = 1,2,3,.....)

Such numbers total = 12(7,15,....)
Favorable cases = 48+12 = 60.
Total cases = 96
P = 60/96 = 62.5
Method 2:
From 1 to 10, there are 5 sets, which are divisible by 8.
(2*3*4) (4*7*6) (6*7*8)(7*8*9)(8*9*10)
So till 96, there will be 12 * 5 such sets = 60 sets
so probability will be 60/96 = 62.5
14. Kurt, a painter, has 9 jars of paint:

4 are yellow
2 are red
rest are brown
Kurt will combine 3 jars of paint into a new container to make a new color, which
he will name accordingly to the following conditions:
Brun Y if the paint contains 2 jars of brown paint and no yellow

Brun X if the paint contains 3 jars of brown paint
Jaune X if the paint contains at least 2 jars of yellow
Jaune Y if the paint contains exactly 1 jar of yellow
What is the probability that the new color will be Jaune
a) 5/42
b) 37/42
c) 1/21
d) 4/9
e) 5/9
Sol: 1. This has at least 2 yellow meaning..
a> there can be all three Y => 4c3

OR
b> 2 Y and 1 out of 2 R and 3 B => 4c2 x 5c1
Total 34
2.This has exactly 1 Y and remaining 2 out of 5 = > 4c1 x 5c2
Total 40
Total possibilities = (9!/3!6!) = 84
Adding the two probabilities: probability = 74/84 = 37/42
15. TWO couples and a single person are to be seated on 5 chairs such that no
couple is seated next to each other. What is the probability of the above??
Soln:
Ways in which the first couple can sit together = 2*4! (1 couple is considered one unit)
Ways for second couple = 2*4!
These cases include an extra case of both couples sitting together
Ways in which both couple are seated together = 2*2*3! = 4! (2 couples considered as 2
units- so each couple can be arrange between themselves in 2 ways and the 3 units in 3!
Ways)
Thus total ways in which at least one couple is seated together = 2*4! + 2*4! - 4! = 3*4!
Total ways to arrange the 5 ppl = 5!
Thus, prob of at least one couple seated together = 3*4! / 5! = 3/5
Thus prob of none seated together = 1 - 3/5 = 2/5
16. An express train traveled at an average speed of 100 kilometers per hour,
stopping for 3 minutes after every 75 kilometers. A local train traveled at an
average speed of 50 kilometers, stopping for 1 minute after every 25 kilometers. If
the trains began traveling at the same time, how many kilometers did the local train
travel in the time it took the express train to travel 600 kilometers?
a. 300
b. 305
c. 307.5
d. 1200
e. 1236
Sol: the answer is C: 307.5 km

Express Train:
600 km --> 6 hours (since 100 km/h) + stops * 3 min.
stops = 600 / 75 = 8, but as it is an integer number, the last stop in km 600 is not a real
stop, so it would be 7 stops
so, time= 6 hours + 7 * 3 min. = 6 hours 21 min
Local Train:
in 6 hours, it will make 300 km (since its speed is 50 km/hour)
in 300 km it will have 300 / 25 stops = 12, 12 stops 1 min each = 12 min
we have 6 hours 12 min, but we need to calculate how many km can it make in 6 hours
21 min, so 21-12 = 9 min
if 60 min it can make 50 km, 9 min it can make 7.5 km
so, the distance is 300 + 7.5 = 307.5 km
17. Matt starts a new job, with the goal of doubling his old average commission of
$400. He takes a 10% commission, making commissions of $100.00, $200.00,
$250.00, $700.00, and $1,000 on his first 5 sales. If Matt made two sales on the last
day of the week, how much would Matt have had to sell in order to meet his goal?
Sol: The two sales on Matt's last day of the week must total $33,500.
(100 + 200 + 250 + 700 + 1000 + x) / 7 = 800

x = 3350
since x is Matt's 10% commission, the sale is $33,500.
18. On how many ways can the letters of the word "COMPUTER" be arranged?
1) Without any restrictions.

2) M must always occur at the third place.
3) All the vowels are together.
4) All the vowels are never together.
5) Vowels occupy the even positions.
Sol:
1) 8! = 40320
2) 7*6*1*5*4*3*2*1=5,040
3) Considering the 3 vowels as 1 letter, there are five other letters which are
consonants C, M, P, T, R
CMPTR (AUE) = 6 letters which can be arranged in 6p6 or 6! Ways
and A, U, E themselves can be arranged in another 3! Ways for a total of 6!*3! Ways
4) Total combinations - all vowels always together

= what u found in 1) - what u found in 3)
= 8! - 6! *3!
5) I think it should be 4 * 720
there are 4 even positions to be filled by three even numbers.
in 5*3*4*2*3*1*2*1 It is assumed that Last even place is NOT filled by a vowel.

There can be total 4 ways to do that.
Hence 4 * 720
19. In the infinite sequence A, ,

where x is a positive integer constant. For what value of n is the ratio
of to equal to ?
(A) 8
(B) 7
(C) 6
(D) 5
(E) 4
Sol: The method I followed was to reduce the Q to (x^6/ x ) * ( Y/Y)
the eqn An= (x ^ n -1)(1+ x + x^2 + x^3 +.... ) ----------------------------(1)
and the eqn x(1+x(1+x(1+x...))))

which I call Z can be reduced to x( 1+x+x^2+x^3 ..) --------(2)
from (1) and (2) we get An / Z = x^(n-1) / x

therefore for getting answer x^5 (n-1) = 6
therefore n=7
Ans: B
20. In how many ways can one choose 6 cards from a normal deck of cards so as to
have all suits present?
a. (13^4) x 48 x 47
b. (13^4) x 27 x 47
c. 48C6
d. 13^4
e. (13^4) x 48C6
Sol: 52 cards in a deck -13 cards per suit

First card - let us say from suit hearts = 13C1 =13
Second card - let us say from suit diamonds = 13C1 =13
Third card - let us say from suit spade = 13C1 =13
Fourth card - let us say from suit clubs = 13C1 =13
Remaining cards in the deck= 52 -4 = 48
Fifth card - any card in the deck = 48C1
Sixth card - any card in the deck = 47C1
Total number of ways = 13 * 13 * 13 * 13 * 48 * 47 = 13^4 *48*47 ---> choice A
21. Each of the integers from 0 to 9, inclusive, is written on a separate slip of blank
paper and the ten slips are dropped into a hat. If the slips are then drawn one at a
time without replacement, how many must be drawn to ensure that the numbers on
two of the slips drawn will have a sum of 10?
3
4
5
6
7*
Sol:
ok consider this
0 + 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 +5 +6..Stop --> Don’t go further. Why? Here’s why.
At the worst the order given above is how u could pick the out the slips. Until u add the
slip with no. 6 on it, no two slips before that add up to 10 (which is what the Q wants)
the best u can approach is a sum of 9 (slip no. 5 + slip no. 4)
but as soon as u add slip 6. Voila u get your first sum of 10 from two slips and that is
indeed the answer = 7 draws
22. Two missiles are launched simultaneously. Missile 1 launches at a speed of x

miles per hour, increasing its speed by a factor of every 10 minutes (so that after
10 minutes its speed is , after 20 minutes its speed is , and so forth.

Missile 2 launches at a speed of y miles per hour, doubling its speed every 10
minutes. After 1 hour, is the speed of Missile 1 greater than that of Missile 2?
1)
2)
(A) Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement (2)
alone is not.
(B) Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement (1)
alone is not.
(C) Statements (1) and (2) TAKEN TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the
question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
(D) EACH statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.
(E) Statements (1) and (2) TAKEN TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the
question.
Sol:
Since Missile 1's rate increases by a factor of every 10 minutes, Missile 1 will be
traveling at a speed of miles per hour after 60 minutes:
minutes0-1010-2020-3030-4040-5050-6060+speed
And since Missile 2's rate doubles every 10 minutes, Missile 2 will be traveling at a speed
of after 60 minutes:
minutes0-1010-2020-3030-4040-5050-6060+speed
The question then becomes: Is ?
Statement (1) tells us that . Squaring both sides yields . We can substitute
for y: Is ? If we divide both sides by , we get: Is ? We can further
simplify by taking the square root of both sides: Is ? We still cannot answer this, so
statement (1) alone is NOT sufficient to answer the question.
Statement (2) tells us that , which tells us nothing about the relationship between x
and y. Statement (2) alone is NOT sufficient to answer the question.
Taking the statements together, we know from statement (1) that the question can be
rephrased: Is ? From statement (2) we know certainly that , which is another
way of expressing . So using the information from both statements, we can answer
definitively that after 1 hour, Missile 1 is traveling faster than Missile 2.
The correct answer is C: Statements (1) and (2) taken together are sufficient to answer the
question, but neither statement alone is sufficient.
23. If , what is the unit’s digit of ?
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 3
(D) 5
(E) 9
Sol:
The unit’s digit of the left side of the equation is equal to the unit’s digit of the right side
of the equation (which is what the question asks about). Thus, if we can determine the
unit’s digit of the expression on the left side of the equation, we can answer the question.
Since , we know that 13! Contains a factor of 10, so its

unit’s digit must be 0. Similarly, the unit’s digit of will also have a unit’s digit of 0.
If we subtract 1 from this, we will be left with a number ending in 9.
Therefore, the unit’s digit of is 9. The correct answer is E.
24. The dimensions of a rectangular floor are 16 feet by 20 feet. When a rectangular
rug is placed on the floor, a strip of floor 3 feet wide is exposed on all sides. What
are the dimensions of the rug, in feet?
(A) 10 by 14 (B) 10 by 17 (C) 13 by 14 (E) (D) 13 by 17 (E) 14 by 16
Soln: The rug is placed in the middle of the room. The rug leaves 3m on either side of it
both lengthwise and breadth wise. Now, the dimensions of the rug would be the
dimensions of the room - the space that it does not occupy. With three 3 on either side, 6
m is not occupied by the rug in both dimensions.
So, rug size = (16-6) X (20-6) = 10 X14
25. How many different subsets of the set {10,14,17,24} are there that contain an odd
number of elements?
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10 ( e) 12
Soln: 8 is the answer. The different subsets are
10,
14,
17,
24,
10, 14, 17
14 17 24
17 24 10
24 10 14
26. Seven men and seven women have to sit around a circular table so that no 2
women are together. In how many different ways can this be done?
a.24 b.6 c.4 d.12 e.3
Soln: I suggest to first arranging men. This can be done in 6! Ways. Now to satisfy above
condition for women, they should sit in spaces between each man. This can be done in 7!
Ways (because there will be seven spaces between each man on round table)
Total ways = 6! * 7!
27. Find the fourth consecutive even number:

(I) the sum of the last two numbers is 30
(II) the sum of the first two numbers is 22
the ans is D
please explain why I alone is sufficient?
Soln: I guess, there are 4 consecutive even numbers to start with..

Stmt 1) Sum of 3rd even + Sum of 4th even = 30 => 14+16 = 30 => 4th even num = 16..
Sufficient
Stmt 2) Sum of Ist even +Sum of 2nd even = 22 => 10 and 12 are the 2 numbers to begin
with, then 3rd num = 14 and 4th num = 16.. Sufficient
Ans – D
28. If the sum of five consecutive positive integers is A, then the sum of the next five
consecutive integers in terms of A is:
a) A+1
b) A+5
c) A+25
d) 2A
e) 5A
Soln: If you divide the sum obtained by adding any 5consecutive numbers by '5', and
then you will get the Center number of the sequence itself.
i.e. 1 - 5 = 15/5 = 3 . 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
so, sixth consecutive number will be '3' more than the 'Middle term'
i.e. 3+3=6, similarly 3+4=7
Hence going by this. Asked sum would be
[(A/5) + 3]+[(A/5) + 4]+[(A/5) + 5]+[(A/5) + 6]+[(A/5) + 7] = A + 25
29. If P represents the product of the first 15 positive integers, then P is not a
multiple of:
a) 99 b) 84 c) 72 d) 65 e) 57
Solution: If P represents the product of the first 15 integers, P would consist of the prime
numbers that are below 15.
2,3,5,7,11,13
Any value that has a prime higher than 13 would not be a value of P.
57 = 3, 19
19 is a prime greater than 13, so the answer is E.
30. 5 girls and 3 boys are arranged randomly in a row. Find the probability that:
A) there is one boy on each end.
B) There is one girl on each end.
Solution: For the first scenario:

The first seat can be filled in 3C1 (3 boys 1 seat) ways = 3

the last seat can be filled in 2C1 (2 boys 1 seat) ways = 2
the six seats in the middle can be filled in 6! (1 boy and 5 girls) ways
Total possible outcome = 8!
Probability= (3C1 * 2C1 * 6!)/ 8! = 3/28
For the second scenario:

A) there is one girl on each end.
The first seat can be filled in 5C1 (5 girls 1 seat) ways = 5

the last seat can be filled in 4C1 (2 girls 1 seat) ways = 4
the six seats in the middle can be filled in 6! (3 boys and 3 girls) ways
Probability= (5C1 * 4C1 * 6!)/ 8! = 5/14
31. If Bob and Jen are two of 5 participants in a race, how many different ways can
the race finish where Jen always finishes in front of Bob?
Solution: approach: first fix Jen, and then fix Bob. Then fix the remaining three.
Case 1: When Jen is in the first place.

=> Bob can be in any of the other four places. => 4.
The remaining 3 can arrange themselves in the remaining 3 places in 3! Ways.
Hence total ways = 4*3!
Case 2: When Jen is in the second place.

=> Bob can be in any of three places => 3.
The remaining can arrange themselves in 3 places in 3! Ways.
Continuing the approach.

Answer = 4*3! +3*3! +2*3! +1*3! = 10*3! = 60 ways.
32. A set of numbers has the property that for any number t in the set, t + 2 is in the
set. If –1 is in the set, which of the following must also be in the set?
I. –3 II. 1 III. 5
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III
Soln: Series property: t => t+2. (Note: for any given number N, ONLY N + 2 is
compulsory. N - 2 is not a necessity as N could be the first term...this can be used as a
trap.)
Given: -1 belongs to the series. => 1 => 3 =>5. DOES NOT imply -3.
Hence, II and III (D).
33. A number is selected at random from first 30 natural numbers. What is the
probability that the number is a multiple of either 3 or 13?
(A) 17/30
(B) 2/5
(C) 7/15
(D) 4/15
(E) 11/30
Solution: Total no from 1 to 30 = 30

total no from 1 to 30 which r multiple of 3 = 10 (eg(3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30))
total no from 1 to 30 which r multiple of 13 = 2 (eg 13,26)
P(a or b ) = p(a) + p(b)
p(a)= 10/30
p(b)=2/30
p(a) + p(b) = 10/30+2/30 = 2/5
34. Two numbers are less than a third number by 30% and 37 % respectively. How
much percent is the second number less than the first?
a) 10 % b) 7 % c) 4 % d) 3 %
Solution: .7 & .63
diff in %= (.7 - .63)/.7 * 100= .07/.7 * 100= 10%

35. If y ≠ 3 and 2x/y is a prime integer greater than 2, which of the following must
be true?
I. x = y
II. y = 1
III. x and y are prime integers.
(A) None
(B) I only
(C) II only
(D) III only
(E) I and II
37. Someone passed a certain bridge, which needs fee. There are 2 ways for him to
choice. A : $13/month+$0.2/time , B: $0.75/time . He passes the bridge twice a day.
How many days at least he passes the bridge in a month, it is economic by A way?
A) 11 B) 12 C) 13 D) 14 E) 15
Soln: Let x be the no days where both are equal cost

13 + 0.2*2x= 0.75*2x
13+.4x=1.5x
13=1.1x
x=11.81
by plugging in for 12 days

For A
13 +(12*2)*.2=13+4.8=17.8
For B
24*.75=18
therefore answer is B.
38. Two measure standards R and S. 24 and 30 measured with R are 42 and 60
when they are measured with S, respectively. If 100 is acquired with S, what would
its value be measured with R?
39. Every student of a certain school must take one and only one elective course. In
last year, 1/2 of the students took biology as an elective, 1/3 of the students took
chemistry as an elective, and all of the other students took physics. In this year, 1/3
of the students who took biology and 1/4 of the students who took chemistry left
school, other students did not leave, and no fresh student come in. What fraction of
all students took biology and took chemistry?
A. 7/9 B .6/7 C.5/7 D.4/9 E.2/5
Soln: If total =1
Last year
B=1/2
C=1/3
P=1/6
This year
B= 1/2 * 2/3 = 1/3
C= 1/3 * 3/4= 1/4
Tot 1/3+1/4=7/12
student left this year
B = 1/2 * 1/3 = 1/6
C= 1/3 *1/4 = 1/12
tot= 1/6 +1/12 = 1/4
So the school has total student this year
= Last year student no - total no of student left this year
= 1- 1/4
=3/4
Answer = 7/12 / 3/4
= 7/9
40. If X>0.9, which of the following equals to X?
A. 0.81^1/2 B. 0.9^1/2 C. 0.9^2 D. 1-0.01^1/2
41. There are 8 students. 4 of them are men and 4 of them are women. If 4 students
are selected from the 8 students. What is the probability that the number of men is
equal to that of women?
A.18/35 B16/35 C.14/35 D.13/35 E.12/35
Soln: there has to be equal no of men & women so out of 4 people selected there has to
be 2M & 2W.
Total ways of selecting 4 out of 8 is 8C4
total ways of selecting 2 men out of 4 is 4C2
total ways of selecting 2 women out of 4 is 4C2
so probability is (4C2*4C2)/ 8C2 = 18/35
42. The area of an equilateral triangle is 9.what is the area of it circumcircle.
A.10PI B.12PI C.14PI D.16PI E.18PI

Soln: area = sqrt(3) / 4 * (side)^2 = 9
so , ( side )^2 = ( 9*4 ) / sqrt(3)
Height = H = sqrt(3)/2 * (side) , so H^2 = 3/4 * Side^2 = 3/4 * (9*4) / sqrt(3)
Radius of CircumCircle = R = 2/3 of ( Height of the Equilateral Triangle )
so , area of Circumcircle = PI * R^2
=> PI * 4/9 * H^2
=> PI * 4/9 * 3/4 * (9*4) / sqrt(3)
=> PI * 4 * sqrt(3)
43.A group of people participate in some curriculums, 20 of them practice Yoga, 10

study cooking, 12 study weaving, 3 of them study cooking only, 4 of them study both
the cooking and yoga, 2 of them participate all curriculums. How many people study
both cooking and weaving?
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 E.5
Soln: We know there are 10 people who do cooking as an activity.
3 -> people who do only cooking

4 -> do cooking and Yoga
2 -> do all of the activities
x -> number of people doing cooking and weaving
When you sum all this up, we should have 10. So 3+4+2+x=10 --> x=10-9=1
44. There 3 kinds of books in the library fiction, non-fiction and biology. Ratio of
fiction to non-fiction is 3 to 2; ratio of non-fiction to biology is 4 to 3, and the total of
the books is more than 1000?which one of following can be the total of the book?
A 1001 B. 1009 C.1008 D.1007 E.1006
Soln: fiction : non-fiction = 3 : 2 = 6 : 4

non-fiction : biology = 4 : 3
fiction : non-fiction : biology = 6 : 4 : 3
6x + 4x + 3x = 1000
x = 76 12/13
if we add 1, 13 will divide evenly (1001/13 = 77)
1000 + 1 = 1001
45. In a consumer survey, 85% of those surveyed liked at least one of three
products: 1, 2, and 3. 50% of those asked liked product 1, 30% liked product 2, and
20% liked product 3. If 5% of the people in the survey liked all three of the
products, what percentage of the survey participants liked more than one of the
three products?
A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
E) 25
Soln: n(1U2U3) = n(1) + n(2) + n(3) - n(1n2) - n(2n3) - n(1n3) + n (1n2n3)
85=50+30+20- [n(1n2) - n(2n3) - n(1n3)] +5
[n(1n2) - n(2n3) - n(1n3)] = 20
46. For a certain company, operating costs and commissions totaled $550 million in
1990, representing an increase of 10 percent from the previous year. The sum of
operating costs and commissions for both years was
(A) $1,000 million
(B) $1,050 million
(C) $1,100 million
(D) $1,150 million
(E) $1,155 million
Solution: 1998 = $500 M

1999 = $550 M
Sum = $ 1050 M
Ans:B
47. Fox jeans regularly sell for $15 a pair and Pony jeans regularly sell for $18 a
pair. During a sale these regular unit prices are discounted at different rates so that
a total of $9 is saved by purchasing 5 pairs of jeans: 3 pairs of Fox jeans and 2 pairs
of Pony jeans. If the sum of the two discounts rates is 22 percent, what is the
discount rate on Pony jeans?
(A) 9%
(B) 10%
(C) 11%
(D) 12%
(E) 15%
Soln: Ans : B
Total discount is 22% = $9
by back solving, in this case ,the discount percent for pony jeans should be less than 11%
(22/2)because the price of this product is more.
take choice B
10% of 18= 1.8
total discount on 2 pony jeans= $3.6
22%-10%=12%
12% of 15 = $1.8
total discount on 3 fox jeans = $5.4
3fox jeans discount +2 pony jeans discount =$9
5.4 +3.6=9
so answer is B.
48. There are 2 kinds of staff members in a certain company, PART TIME AND
FULL TIME. 25 percent of the total members are PART TIME members others are
FULL TIME members. The work time of part time members is 3/5 of the full time
members. Wage per hour is same. What is the ratio of total wage of part time
members to total wage of all members.
A.1/4 B.1/5 C 1/6 D 1/7 E 1/8
Soln: What is the ratio of total wage of part time members to total wage of all members.
You have calculated ratio of Part time-to-Full time.
P x/4 3y/5 3xy/4*5

A 3x/4 Y + x/4 3y/5 18xy/20
Ratio= p/a= 3xy/18xy= 1/6
49. If 75% of a class answered the 1st question on a certain test correctly, 55%
answered the 2nd question on the test correctly and 20% answered neither of the
questions correctly, what percent answered both correctly?
10%
20%
30%
50%
65%
Soln: This problem can be easily solved by Venn Diagrams
Lets think the total class consists of 100 students
so 75 students answered question 1
and 55 students answered question 2
Now 20 students not answered any question correctly
Therefore out of total 100 students only 80 students answered either question 1 or
question 2 or both the questions...
So 75+55=130 which implies 130-80=50% are the students who answered both correctly
and are counted in both the groups...that’s why the number was 50 more..
Let me know if someone has problems understanding...
50. A set of data consists of the following 5 numbers: 0,2,4,6, and 8. Which two
numbers, if added to create a set of 7 numbers, will result in a new standard
deviation that is close to the standard deviation for the original 5 numbers?
A). -1 and 9
B). 4 and 4
C). 3 and 5
D). 2 and 6
E). 0 and 8
Soln: SD = Sqrt(Sum(X-x)^2/N)
Since N is changing from 5 to 7. Value of Sum(X-x)^2 should change from 40(current) to
48. So that SD remains same.
so due to new numbers it adds 8. Choice D only fits here.
51. How many integers from 0 to 50, inclusive, have a remainder of 1 when divided
by 3?
A.14 B.15. C.16 D.17 E.18
Soln: if we arrange this in AP, we get

4+7+10+.......+49
so 4+(n-1)3=49: n=16
C is my pick
52. If k=m(m+4)(m+5) k and m are positive integers. Which of the following could
divide k evenly?
I.3 II.4 III.6

Soln: The idea is to find what are the common factors that we get in the answer.
m = 1, k = 30 which is divisible by 1,2,3,5,6,10, 15 and 30

m = 2, k = 84 which is divisible by 1,2,3,4,6, ....
As can be seen, the common factors are 1,2,3,6
So answer is 3 and 6
53. If the perimeter of square region S and the perimeter of circular region C are
equal, then the ratio of the area of S to the area of C is closest to
(A) 2/3
(B) 3/4
(C) 4/3
(D) 3/2
(E) 2
Soln: and the answer would be B...here is the explanation...
Let the side of the square be s..then the perimeter of the square is 4s
Let the radius of the circle be r..then the perimeter of the circle is 2*pi*r
it is given that both these quantities are equal..therefore
4s=2*pi*r
which is then s/r=pi/2
Now the ratio of area of square to area of circle would be
s^2/pi*r^2
(1/pi)*(s/r)^2
= (1/pi)*(pi/2)^2 from the above equality relation
pi=22/7 or 3.14
the value of the above expression is approximate =0.78 which is near to answer B
54. Two people walked the same distance, one person's speed is between 25 and
45,and if he used 4 hours, the speed of another people is between 45 and 60,and if he
used 2 hours, how long is the distance?
A.116 B.118 C.124 D.136 E.140
Soln: First person-- speed is between 25mph and 45mph

so for 4 hrs he can travel 100 miles if he goes at 25mph speed
and for 4 hrs he can travel 130 miles if he goes at 45 mph speed
similarly
Second person-- speed is between 45mph and 60mph

So for the first person---distance traveled is greater than 100 and Less than 130
and for the second person---distance traveled is greater than 90 and less than 120
so seeing these conditions we can eliminate C, D, and E answers...
but I didn’t understand how to select between 116 and 118 as both these values are
satisfying the conditions...
55. How many number of 3 digit numbers can be formed with the digits 0,1,2,3,4,5 if
no digit is repeated in any number? How many of these are even and how many
odd?
Soln: Odd: fix last as odd, 3 ways __ __ _3_
now, left are 5, but again leaving 0, 4 for 1st digit & again 4 for 2nd digit: _4_ _4_ _3_
=48 Odd.
100-48= 52 Even
56. How many 3-digit numerals begin with a digit that represents a prime and end
with a digit that represents a prime number?
A) 16 B) 80 c) 160 D) 180 E) 240
Soln: The first digit can be 2, 3, 5, or 7 (4 choices)

The second digit can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 (10 choices)
The third digit can be 2, 3, 5, or 7 (4 choices)
4 * 4 * 10 = 160
57. There are three kinds of business A, B and C in a company. 25 percent of the
total revenue is from business A; t percent of the total revenue is from B, the others
are from C. If B is $150,000 and C is the difference of total revenue and 225,000,
what is t?
A.50 B.70 C.80 D.90 E.100

Soln: Let the total revenue be X.
So X= A + B+ C
which is X= 1/4 X+ 150 + (X-225)
4X= X+ 600 + 4X -900
Solving for X you get X= 300
And 150 is 50% of 300 so the answer is 50 % (A)
58. A business school club, Friends of Foam, is throwing a party at a local bar. Of
the business school students at the bar, 40% are first year students and 60% are
second year students. Of the first year students, 40% are drinking beer, 40% are
drinking mixed drinks, and 20% are drinking both. Of the second year students,
30% are drinking beer, 30% are drinking mixed drinks, and 20% are drinking
both. A business school student is chosen at random. If the student is drinking beer,
what is the probability that he or she is
also drinking mixed drinks?
A. 2/5
B. 4/7
C. 10/17
D. 7/24
E. 7/10
Soln: The probability of an event A occurring is the number of outcomes that result
in A divided by the total number of possible outcomes.
The total number of possible outcomes is the total percent of students drinking beer.
40% of the students are first year students. 40% of those students are drinking
beer. Thus, the first years drinking beer make up (40% * 40%) or 16% of the total
number of students.
60% of the students are second year students. 30% of those students are drinking
beer. Thus, the second years drinking beer make up (60% * 30%) or 18% of the
total number of students.
(16% + 18%) or 34% of the group is drinking beer.
The outcomes that result in A is the total percent of students drinking beer and
mixed drinks.
40% of the students are first year students. 20% of those students are drinking both
beer and mixed drinks. Thus, the first years drinking both beer and mixed drinks
make up (40% * 20%) or 8% of the total number of students.
both beer and mixed drinks. Thus, the second years drinking both beer and mixed
drinks make up (60% * 20%) or 12% of the total number of students.
(8% + 12%) or 20% of the group is drinking both beer and mixed drinks.
If a student is chosen at random is drinking beer, the probability that they are also
drinking mixed drinks is (20/34) or 10/17.
59. A merchant sells an item at a 20% discount, but still makes a gross profit of 20
percent of the cost. What percent of the cost would the gross profit on the item have
been if it had been sold without the discount?
A) 20% B) 40% C) 50% D) 60% E) 75%
Soln: Lets suppose original price is 100.
And if it sold at 20% discount then the price would be 80
but this 80 is 120% of the actual original price...so 66.67 is the actual price of the item
now if it sold for 100 when it actually cost 66.67 then the gross profit would be 49.99%
i.e. approx 50%
60. If the first digit cannot be a 0 or a 5, how many five-digit odd numbers are
there?
A. 42,500
B. 37,500
C. 45,000
D. 40,000
E. 50,000
Soln: This problem can be solved with the Multiplication Principle. The Multiplication
Principle tells us that the number of ways independent events can occur together can
be determined by multiplying together the number of possible outcomes for each
event.
There are 8 possibilities for the first digit (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9).

There are 10 possibilities for the second digit (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
There are 10 possibilities for the third digit (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
There are 10 possibilities for the fourth digit (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
There are 5 possibilities for the fifth digit (1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
Using the Multiplication Principle:
= 8 * 10 * 10 * 10 * 5
= 40,000
61.A bar is creating a new signature drink. There are five possible alcoholic
ingredients in the drink: rum, vodka, gin, peach schnapps, or whiskey. There
are five possible non-alcoholic ingredients: cranberry juice, orange juice,
pineapple juice, limejuice, or lemon juice. If the bar uses two alcoholic
ingredients and two non-alcoholic ingredients, how many different drinks
are possible?
A. 100
B. 25
C. 50
D. 75
E. 3600
Soln: The first step in this problem is to calculate the number of ways of selecting
two alcoholic and two non-alcoholic ingredients. Since order of arrangement does not
matter, this is a combination problem.
The number of combinations of n objects taken r at a time is
C(n,r) = n!/(r!(n-r!))
The number of combinations of alcoholic ingredients is
C(5,2) = 5!/(2!(3!))
C(5,2) = 120/(2(6))
C(5,2) = 10
The number of combinations of non-alcoholic ingredients is
C(5,2) = 5!/(2!(3!))
C(5,2) = 120/(2(6))
C(5,2) = 10
The number of ways these ingredients can be combined into a drink can be
determined by the Multiplication Principle. The Multiplication Principle tells us that the
number of ways independent events can occur together can be determined by
multiplying together the number of possible outcomes for each event.
The number of possible drinks is
= 10 * 10
= 100
62. The sum of the even numbers between 1 and n is 79*80, where n is an
odd number. N=?
Soln: The sum of numbers between 1 and n is = (n(n+1))/2
1+2+3+.....+n=(n(n+1))/2 {formula}
we are looking for the sum of the even numbers between 1 and n, which means:
2+4+6+.....+(n-1) n is ODD
=1*2+2*2+2*3+......+2*((n-1)/2)
=2*(1+2+3+.....+*((n-1)/2))
from the formula we obtain :
=2*(((n-1)/2)*((n-1)/2+1))/2
=((n-1)/2)*((n+1)/2) =79*80
=> (n-1)*(n+1)=158*160
=> n=159
63. A committee of 6 is chosen from 8 men and 5 women so as to contain at least 2

men and 3 women. How many different committees could be formed if two of the
men refuse to serve together?
(A) 3510
(B) 2620
(C) 1404
(D) 700
(E) 635
Soln: 4W 2M == 5C4.(8C2-1) = 5.(27) = 135

3W 3M == 5C3.(8C3-6) = 10.50 = 500
total 635
Max. number of possibilities considering we can choose any man 8c2 * 5C4 + 8C3*5c3
= 700.
consider it this way.... from my previous reply max possible ways considering we can
chose any man = 700
now we know that 2 man could not be together... now think opposite... how many ways
are possible to have these two man always chosen together...
since they are always chosen together...
For chosing 2 men and 4 women for the committee there is only 1 way of chosing 2 men
for the committee since we know only two specific have to be chosen and there are 5C4
ways of choosing women
1*5C4 = 5
For choosing 3 men and 3 women for the committee there are exactly 6C1 ways choosing
3 men for the committee since we know two specific have to be chosen so from the
remaining 6 men we have to chose 1 and there are 5C4 ways of choosing women
6C1*5C3 = 60
So total number of unfavorable cases = 5 + 60 = 65
Now since we want to exclude these 65 cases... final answer is 700-65 = 635
64. In how many ways can the letters of the word 'MISSISIPPI' be arranged?
a) 1260
b) 12000
c) 12600
d) 14800
e) 26800
Soln: Total # of alphabets = 10

so ways to arrange them = 10!
Then there will be duplicates because 1st S is no different than 2nd S.

we have 4 Is
3S
and 2 Ps
Hence # of arrangements = 10!/4!*3!*2!
65. Goldenrod and No Hope are in a horse race with 6 contestants. How many
different arrangements of finishes are there if No Hope always finishes before
Goldenrod and if all of the horses finish the race?
(A) 720
(B) 360
(C) 120
(D) 24
(E) 21
Soln: two horses A and B, in a race of 6 horses... A has to finish before B
if A finishes 1... B could be in any of other 5 positions in 5 ways and other horses finish
in 4! Ways, so total ways 5*4!
if A finishes 2... B could be in any of the last 4 positions in 4 ways. But the other
positions could be filled in 4! ways, so the total ways 4*4!
if A finishes 3rd... B could be in any of last 3 positions in 3 ways, but the other positions
could be filled in 4! ways, so total ways 3*4!
if A finishes 4th... B could be in any of last 2 positions in 2 ways, but the other positions
could be filled in 4! ways, so total ways... 2 * 4!
if A finishes 5th .. B has to be 6th and the top 4 positions could be filled in 4! ways..
A cannot finish 6th, since he has to be ahead of B
therefore total number of ways
5*4! + 4*4! + 3*4! + 2*4! + 4! = 120 + 96 + 72 + 48 + 24 = 360
66. On how many ways can the letters of the word "COMPUTER"
be arranged?
1. M must always occur at the third place
2. Vowels occupy the even positions.
Soln: For 1.
7*6*1*5*4*3*2*1=5,040
For 2.) I think It should be 4 * 720

in 5*3*4*2*3*1*2*1 It is assumed that Last even place is NOT filled by a vowel. There
can be total 4 ways to do that.
Hence 4 * 720
67. A shipment of 10 TV sets includes 3 that are defective. In how many ways can a
hotel purchase 4 of these sets and receive at least two of the defective sets?
Soln: There are 10 TV sets; we have to choose 4 at a time. So we can do that by 10C4
ways. We have 7 good TV’s and 3 defective.
Now we have to choose 4 TV sets with at least 2 defective. We can do that by
2 defective 2 good
3 defective 1 good
That stands to 3C2*7C2 + 3C3*7C1 (shows the count)
If they had asked probability for the same question then
3C2*7C2 + 3C3*7C1 / 10C4.
68. A group of 8 friends want to play doubles tennis. How many different ways can
the group be divided into 4 teams of 2 people?
A. 420
B. 2520
C. 168
D. 90
E. 105
Soln: 1st team could be any of 2 guys... there would be 4 teams (a team of A&B is same
as a team of B&A)... possible ways 8C2 / 4.
2nd team could be any of remaining 6 guys. There would be 3 teams (a team of A&B is
same as a team of B&A)... possible ways 6C2 / 3
3rd team could be any of remaining 2 guys... there would be 2 teams (a team of A&B is
same as a team of B&A). Possible ways 4C2 / 2
4th team could be any of remaining 2 guys... there would be 1 such teams... possible
ways 2C2 / 1
total number of ways...
8C2*6C2*4C2*2C2
-------------------
4*3*2*1
=
8*7*6*5*4*3*2*1
--------------------
4*3*2*1*2*2*2*2
= 105 (ANSWER)...
Another method: say you have 8 people ABCDEFGH
now u can pair A with 7 others in 7 ways.

Remaining now 6 players.
Pick one and u can pair him with the remaining 5 in 5 ways.
Now you have 4 players.

Pick one and u can pair him with the remaining in 3 ways.
Now you have 2 players left. You can pair them in 1 way
so total ways is 7*5*3*1 = 105 ways i.e. E
69. In how many ways can 5 people sit around a circular table if one should not have
the same neighbors in any two arrangements?
Soln: The ways of arranging 5 people in a circle = (5-1)! = 4!
For a person seated with 2 neighbors, the number of ways of that happening is 2:
AXB or BXA, where X is the person in question.
So, for each person, we have two such arrangements in 4!. Since we don't want to repeat
arrangement, we divide 4!/2 to get 12
70. There are 4 copies of 5 different books. In how many ways can they be arranged
on a shelf?
A) 20!/4!
B) 20!/5(4!)
C) 20!/(4!)^5
D) 20!
E) 5!
Soln: 4 copies each of 5 types.
Total = 20 books.
Total ways to arrange = 20!
Taking out repeat combos = 20!/(4! * 4! * 4! * 4! * 4!) – each book will have 4 copies
that are duplicate. So we have to divide 20! By the repeated copies.
71. In how many ways can 5 rings be worn on the four fingers of the right hand?
Soln: 5 rings, 4 fingers
1st ring can be worn on any of the 4 fingers => 4 possibilities
2nd ring can be worn on any of the 4 fingers => 4 possibilities
3rd ring can be worn on any of the 4 fingers => 4 possibilities
4th ring can be worn on any of the 4 fingers => 4 possibilities
Total possibilities = 4*4*4*4*4 = 4^5.
72. If both 5^2 and 3^3 are factors of n x (2^5) x (6^2) x (7^3), what is the smallest
possible positive value of n?
Soln: Write down n x (2^5) x (6^2) x (7^3) as

= n x (2^5) x (3^2) x (2^2) x (7^3),
= n x (2^7) x (3^2) x (7^3)
now at a minimum 5^2 and a 3 is missing from this to make it completely divisible by
5^2 x 3^3
Hence answer = 5^2 x 3 = 75

73. Obtain the sum of all positive integers up to 1000, which are divisible by 5 and
not divisible by 2.
(1) 10050 (2) 5050

(3) 5000 (4) 50000
Soln: Consider 5 15 25 ... 995

l = a + (n-1)*d
l = 995 = last term

a = 5 = first term
d = 10 = difference
995 = 5 + (n-1)*10
thus n = 100 = # of terms
consider 5 10 15 20.... 995
995 = 5 + (n-1)*5
=> n = 199
Another approach...
Just add up 995 + 985 + 975 + 965 + 955 + 945 = 5820, so it has to be greater than 5050,
and the only possible choices left are 1) & 4)
Also, series is 5 15 25.... 985 995
# of terms = 100
sum = (100/2)*(2*5 + (100-1)*10) = 50*1000 = 50000
74. If the probability of rain on any given day in city x is 50% what is the
probability it with rain on exactly 3 days in a five day period?
8/125
2/25
5/16
8/25
3/4
Soln: Use binomial theorem to solve the problem....
p = 1/2
q = 1/2
# of favorable cases = 3 = r
# of unfavorable cases = 5-3 = 2
total cases = 5 = n
P(probability of r out of n) = nCr*p^r*q^(n-r)
75. The Full House Casino is running a new promotion. Each person visiting the casino has
the opportunity to play the Trip Aces game. In Trip Aces, a player is randomly dealt three
cards, without replacement, from a deck of 8 cards. If a player receives 3 aces, they will
receive a free trip to one of 10 vacation destinations. If the deck of 8 cards contains 3 aces,
what is the probability that a player will win a trip?
A. 1/336
B. 1/120
C. 1/56
D. 1/720
E. 1/1440
The probability of an event A occurring is the number of outcomes that result in A divided by the
total number of possible outcomes.
There is only one result that results in a win: receiving three aces.
Since the order of arrangement does not matter, the number of possible ways to receive 3 cards is
a combination problem.
C(n,r) = n!/(r!(n-r)!)
C(8,3) = 8!/(3!(8-3)!)
C(8,3) = 8!/(3!(5!))
C(8,3) = 40320/(6(120))
C(8,3) = 40320/720
C(8,3) = 56
The number of possible outcomes is 56.
Thus, the probability of being dealt 3 aces is 1/56.
A. 1/336
B. 1/120
C. 1/56
D. 1/720
E. 1/1440
Soln: Since each draw doesn't replace the cards:

Prob. of getting an ace in the first draw = 3/8
getting in the second, after first draw is ace = 2/7
getting in the third after the first two draws are aces = 1/6
thus total probability for these mutually independent events = 3/8*2/7*1/6 = 1/56
77. Find the probability that a 4 person committee chosen at random from a group
consisting of 6 men, 7 women, and 5 children contains
A) exactly 1 woman
B) at least 1 woman
C) at most 1 woman
Soln:
A.) 7C1* 11C3/ 18C4

B) 1 - (11C4/18C4)
C) (11C4/18C4) + (7C1*11C3/18C4)
78. A rental car service facility has 10 foreign cars and 15 domestic cars waiting to be
serviced on a particular Saturday morning. Because there are so few mechanics, only 6
can be serviced.
(a) If the 6 cars are chosen at random, what is the probability that 3 of the cars selected
are domestic and the other 3 are foreign?
(b) If the 6 cars are chosen at random, what is the probability that at most one domestic
car is selected?
Soln:
A) 10C3*15C3/25C6
B) Probability of no domestic car + Probability of 1 domestic car =
10C6/25C6 + 15C1 *10C5/25C6
79. How many positive integers less than 5,000 are evenly divisible by neither 15 nor 21?
A. 4,514
B. 4,475
C. 4,521
D. 4,428
E. 4,349
Soln: We first determine the number of integers less than 5,000 that are evenly divisible by 15.
This can be found by dividing 4,999 by 15:
= 4,999/15
= 333 integers
Now we will determine the number of integers evenly divisible by 21:
= 4,999/21
= 238 integers
some numbers will be evenly divisible by BOTH 15 and 21. The least common multiple of 15
and 21 is 105. This means that every number that is evenly divisible by 105 will be divisible by
BOTH 15 and 21. Now we will determine the number of integers evenly divisible by 105:
= 4,999/105
= 47 integers
Therefore the positive integers less than 5000 that are not evenly divisible by 15 or 21 are 4999-
(333+238-47)=4475
80) Find the least positive integer with four different prime factors, each greater than
2.
Soln: 3*5*7*11 = 1155
81) From the even numbers between 1 and 9, two different even numbers are to be
chosen at random. What is the probability that their sum will be 8?
Soln: Initially you have 4 even numbers (2,4,6,8)

you can get the sum of 8 in two ways => 2 + 6 or 6 + 2
so the first time you pick a number you can pick either 2 or 8 - a total of 2 choices out of
8 => 1/2
after you have picked your first number and since you have already picked 1 number you
are left with only 2 options => either (4,6,8) or (2,4,8) and you have to pick either 6 from
the first set or 2 from the second and the probability of this is 1/3. Since these two events
have to happen together we multiply them. ½ * 1/3 = 1/6
82) 5 is placed to the right of two – digit number, forming a new three – digit
number. The new number is 392 more than the original two-digit number. What
was the original two-digit number?
Soln: If the original number has x as the tens digit and y as the ones digit (x and y are
integers less than 10) then we can set up the equation:
100x + 10y + 5 = 10x + y + 392
90x + 9y = 387
9(10x+y) = 387
10x + y = 43 ==> x = 4, y = 3
the original number is 43, the new number is 435
83) If one number is chosen at random from the first 1000 positive integers, what is
the probability that the number chosen is multiple of both 2 and 8?
Soln: Any multiple of 8 is also a multiple of 2 so we need to find the multiples of 8 from
0 to 1000
the first one is 8 and the last one is 1000
==> ((1000-8)/8) + 1 = 125
==> p (picking a multiple of 2 & 8) = 125/1000 = 1/8
84) A serial set consists of N bulbs. The serial set lights up only if all the N bulbs are
in working condition. Even if one of the bulbs fails then the entire set fails. The
probability of a bulb failing is x. What is the probability of the serial set failing?
Soln: Probability of x to fail. Probability of a bulb not failing = 1-x

probability that none of the N bulbs fail, hence serial set not failing = (1-x)^N
probability of serial set failing = 1-(1-x)^N
85) Brad flips a two-sided coin 8 times. What is the probability that he gets tails on
at least 7 of the 8 flips?
1/32
1/16
1/8
7/8
none of the above
Soln: Number of ways 7 tails can turn up = 8C7

the probability of those is 1/2 each
Since the question asks for at least 7, we need to find the prob of all 8 tails - the number
of ways is 8C8 = 1
Add the two probabilities
8C7*(1/2)^8 = 8/2^8 -- for getting 7
Prob of getting 8 tails = 1/2^8
Total prob = 8/2^8+1/2^8 = 9/2^8
Ans is E.
86. A photographer will arrange 6 people of 6 different heights for photograph by

placing them in two rows of three so that each person in the first row is standing in
front of someone in the second row. The heights of the people within each row must
increase from left to right, and each person in the second row must be taller than
the person standing in front of him or her. How many such arrangements of the 6
people are possible?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 9
D. 24
E. 36
Soln: 5 ways
123 124 125 134 135

456 356 346 256 246
87. As a part of a game, four people each much secretly chose an integer between
1 and 4 inclusive. What is the approximate likelihood that all four people will
chose different numbers?
Soln: The probability that the first person will pick unique number is 1 (obviously)
then the probability for the second is 3/4 since one number is already picked by the
first, then similarly the probabilities for the 3rd and 4th are 1/2 and 1/4 respectively.
Their product 3/4*1/2*1/4 = 3/32
88. Which of the sets of numbers can be used as the lengths of the sides of a
triangle?
I. [5,7,12]
II. [2,4,10]
III. [5,7,9]
A. I only
B. III only
C. I and II only
D. I and III only
E. II and III only
Soln: For any side of a triangle. Its length must be greater than the difference
between the other two sides, but less than the sum of the other two sides.
Answer is B
89. A clothing manufacturer has determined that she can sell 100 suits a week at a
selling price of 200$ each. For each rise of 4$ in the selling price she will sell 2 less
suits a week. If she sells the suits for x$ each, how many dollars a week will she
receive from sales of the suits?
Soln: Let y be the number of $4 increases she makes, and let S be the number of suits she
sells. Then
X = 200 + 4y ==> y = x/4 - 50
S = 100 - 2y ==> S = 100 - 2[x/4 - 50] = 100 - x/2 + 100 = 200 - x/2
so the answer is that the number of suits she'll sell is 200 - x/2
90. A certain portfolio consisted of 5 stocks, priced at $20, $35, $40, $45 and $70,
respectively. On a given day, the price of one stock increased by 15%, while the
price of another decreased by 35% and the prices of the remaining three remained
constant. If the average price of a stock in the portfolio rose by approximately 2%,
which of the following could be the prices of the shares that remained constant?
A) 20, 35, 70
B) 20, 45, 70
C) 20, 35, 40
D) 35, 40, 70
E) 35, 40, 45
Soln: Add the 5 prices together:

20 + 35 + 40 + 45 + 70 = 210
2% of that is 210 x .02 = 4.20
Let x be the stock that rises and y be the stock that falls.
.15x -.35y = 4.20 ==> x = (7/3)y + 27
This tells us that the difference between x and y has to be at least 27. Since the answer
choices list the ones that DONT change, we need to look for an answer choice in which
the numbers NOT listed have a difference of at least 27.
Thus the answer is (E)
91. if -2=<x=<2 and 3<=y<=8, which of the following represents the range of all
possible values of y-x?
(A) 5<=y-x<=6
(B) 1<=y-x<=5
(C) 1<=y-x<=6
(D) 1<=y-x<=10
(E) 1<=y-x<=10
Soln: you can easily solve this by subtracting the two inequalities. To do this they
need to be in the opposite direction; when you subtract them preserve the sign of
the inequality from which you are subtracting.
3<y<8
multiply the second one by (-1) to reverse the sign
2 > x > -2
Subtract them to get
3 - 2 < y - x < 8 - (-2)
1 < y - x < 10
92. Of a group of 260 people who purchased stocks, 61 purchased A, 88

purchased B, 56 purchased C, 75 purchased D, 60 purchased E. what is the
greatest possible number of the people who purchased both B and D?
A:40 B:50 C:60 D:75 E:80
Soln: ANSWER is D (75)
since they have asked us to find out the greatest possible number buying both B as
well as D, the answer has to be the smallest no between the two which is 75...as all
the guys purchasing D can also buy B and only 75 out of 88 purchasing B can
simultaneously purchase D as well....
93. There are 30 people and 3 clubs M, S, and Z in a company. 10 people

joined M, 12 people joined S and 5 people joined Z. If the members of M did
not join any other club, at most, how many people of the company did not
join any club?
A: 4 B: 5 C: 6 D: 7 E: 8
Soln: total no of people = 30

no joining M = 10
no joining S = 12
no joining Z = 5
question asked - AT MOST how many people did not join any group?
solution: now since none of the members of M joined any other group, the no of
people left = 30-10(for M)=20
since the question says at most how many did not join any group, lets assume the all
people who join Z also join S. so no of people joining group S and Z are 12 (note
that there will be 5 people in group S who have also joined Z)
therefore no of people not joining any group = 20-12=8

Hence e
94. Find the numbers of ways in which 4 boys and 4 girls can be seated alternatively.
1) in a row
2) in a row and there is a boy named John and a girl named Susan amongst the
group who cannot be put in adjacent seats
3) around a table
A:
1) 4! * 4! * 2
2) 4! * 4! * 2 - number of ways with John and Susan sitting together
= (4! * 4! * 2) - (7 * 3! * 3! *2)
The way that JS arrangements are found is by
bracketing J and S and considering it to be a single entity. So a
possible arrangement is (B=boy, G=girl)
(JS) B G B G B G number of arrangements is 7 x 3! x 3! = 252

(SJ) G B G B G B number of arrangements is 7 x 3! x 3! = 252
3) Fix one boy and arrange the other 3 boys in 3! ways. Arrange the 4
girls in 4! ways in the gaps between the boys.
Total arrangements = 3! x 4!
= 6 x 24
= 144
95. From a group of 3 boys and 3 girls, 4 children are to be randomly selected. What
is the probability that equal numbers of boys and girls will be selected?
A. 1/10
B. 4/9
C. 1/2
D. 3/5
E. 2/3
Soln: Total number of ways of selecting 4 children = 6C4 = 15
with equal boys and girls. => 2 boys and 2 girls. => 3C2 * 3C2 = 9.
Hence p = 9/15 = 3/5
96. What is the reminder when 9^1 + 9^2 + 9^3 + ...... + 9^9 is divided by
6?
(1) 0
(2) 3
(3) 4
(4) 2
(5) None of these
Soln: Remainder of 9*odd /6 is 3

remainder of 9*even/6 is 0
9^1 + 9^2 + 9^3 + ...... + 9^9=9*(1+9+9^2+.....9^8)
1+9+9^2+.....9^8 is odd.
Thus we obtain 3 as a remainder when we divide 9*(1+9+9^2+.....9^8) by 6.
Another way: We get the value as 9*odd/6 = 3*odd/2 Since 3*odd = odd; odd/2 =
XXXX.5
so something divided by 6, gives XXXX.5, hence remainder is 6*0.5 = 3
97. Find the value of 1.1! + 2.2! + 3.3! + ......+n.n!
(1) n! +1
(2) (n+1)!
(3) (n+1)!-1
(4) (n+1)!+1
(5) None of these
Soln: 1.1! + 2.2! + 3.3! + ......+n.n!

=1.1! + (3-1)2! + (4-1)3! +......+ ((n+1)-1) n!
=1.1!+3!-2!+4!-3!+.......+(n+1)!-n!
So it is (n+1)! -1 (Answer choice 4)
98. The numbers x and y are three-digit positive integers, and x + y is a

four-digit integer. The tens digit of x equals 7 and the tens digit of y equals
5. If x < y, which of the following must be true?
I. The units digit of x + y is greater than the units digit of either x or y.

II. The tens digit of x + y equals 2.
III. The hundreds digit of y is at least 5.
A. II only
B. III only
C. I and II
D. I and III
E. II and III
Soln: x= abc
y= def
x = a7c
y= b5f
x > y and x+y = wxyz.

It can carryover one digit. False
It can be 2 or 3. False
a+b+1 >= 10
a >b so a at least 5. True.
Ans: b
99. Among 5 children there are 2 siblings. In how many ways can the children be
seated in a row so that the siblings do not sit together?
(A) 38
(B) 46
(C) 72
(D) 86
(E) 102
Soln: The total number of ways 5 of them can sit is 120
when the siblings sit together they can be counted as one entity
therefore the number of ways that they sit together is 4!=24, but since
the two siblings can sit in two different ways e.g. AB and BA we multiply 24 by 2 to get
the total number of ways in which the 5 children can sit together with the siblings sitting
together - 48
In other words 4P4*2P2
the rest is obvious 120-48=72
100. There are 70 students in Math or English or German. Exactly 40 are in Math,
30 in German, 35 in English and 15 in all three courses. How many students are
enrolled in exactly two of the courses? Math, English and German.
Soln: MuEuG = M + E + G - MnE - MnG - EnG - 2(MnEnG)

MnE + MnG + EnG = M + E + G - 2(MnEnG) - MuEuG
MnE + MnG+ EnG = 40 + 30 + 35 - 2(15) - 70 = 105 - 30 - 70 = 5
Whenever an intersection occurs between 2 sets, (MnEnG) is counted twice, therefore

you deduct one of it. If the intersection occurs between 3 sets, it is counted thrice;
therefore you deduct two of it. And so forth.
If there are four sets, then the formula is A + B + C + D -(two) -(three)*2 -
(four)*3 = total
101. John can complete a given task in 20 days. Jane will take only 12 days to
complete the same task. John and Jane set out to complete the task by beginning to
work together. However, Jane was indisposed 4 days before the work got over. In
how many days did the work get over from the time John and Jane started to work
on it together?
A- 6 B- 10 C- 8 D- 7.5 E- 3.5
Soln: Together they do 1/20+1/12=4/30 of the task.
Jane and John started the work together, but only John finished the work because Jane
gets sick. So let x be the number of days they worked together.
x*3/40+4*1/20=1
x4/30=4/5 and therefore x =6
So in total they worked 6 days on it together and John worked 4 days on it. So total days
spent=10, but if the question is asking how many time did they spend working on the
project together, then the answer is 6.
102. Jane gave Karen a 5 m head start in a 100 race and Jane was beaten by 0.25m.
In how many meters more would Jane have overtaken Karen?
Soln: Jane gave Karen a 5 m head start means Karen was 5 m ahead of Jane. So after the
lead, Karen ran 95m and Jane ran 99.75 m when the race ended.
Let speed of Karen and Jane be K and J respectively and lets say after X minutes Jane
overtakes Karen.
1st condition: 95/K = 99.75/J

2nd condition JX - KX = 0.25
Solving for JX, we get JX=21/4.

Hence Jane needs to run 5.25m more (or total of 105m) to overtake Karen.
103. Out of 20 surveyed students 8 study math and 7

study both math and physics. If 10 students do not
study either of these subjects, how many students
study physics but not math?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
Soln: total = gr1 + gr2 - both + neither
20 = 8 + P - 7 + 10
P = 9, 9 students study both P and M, 7 study both, 9-7 = 2 study only P
104. Machine A can produce 50 components a day while

machine B only 40. The monthly maintenance cost for
machine A is $1500 while that for machine B is $550. If
each component generates an income of $10 what is the
least number of days per month that the plant has to work
to justify the usage of machine A instead of machine B?
(A) 6
(B) 7
(C) 9
(D) 10
(E) 11
Soln: Let x be the number of days that need to be worked

500x - 1500 > 400x - 550
100x > 950
x > 9.5 (D)
105. Four cups of milk are to be poured into a 2-cup bottle and a 4-cup bottle. If
each bottle is to be filled to the same fraction of its capacity, how many cups of milk
should be poured into the 4-cup bottle?
A. 2/3
B. 7/3
C.5/2
D. 8/3
E. 3
Soln: x + y = 4
x=4-y
x/2 = y/4
4x = 2y
4(4-y) = 2y
16 = 6y
y = 8/3 (D)
106. If 10 persons meet at a reunion and each person shakes hands exactly once with
each of the others, what is the total number of handshakes?
(A) 10!
(B) 10*10
(C) 10*9
(D) 45
(E) 36
Soln: There are 10C2 ways to pick 2 different people out of 10 people.
10C2 = 10!/2!8! = 45 (D)
107. If operation $ is defined as

$X = X + 2 if X is even
$X = X - 1 if X is odd,
what is $(...$($($(15)))...) 99 times?
(A) 120
(B) 180
(C) 210
(D) 225
(E) 250
Soln: $15 gives 14
After that it is an AP with d=2, a=14 and n =99
108. A and B alternately toss a coin. The first one to turn up a head wins. if no more
than five tosses each are allowed for a single game.
1- Find the probability that the person who tosses first will win the game?
2- What are the odds against A's losing if she goes first?
Soln: look at the conditions; it says that the first person who tosses a head wins.
Let’s say A tosses first.
what is the probability that he wins
H + TTH + TTTTH + TTTTTTH + TTTTTTTTH
i.e. either the first toss is head,

or the first time A tosses the coin he gets a tail and B also gets a tail , n in the
second throw A gets a head.....
This continues for a max till 5 throws, because the game is for 5 throws only.
So, 1. 1/2 + (1/2)^3 + (1/2)^5 + (1/2)^7 + (1/2)^9
2. (1/2)^2 + (1/2)^4 + (1/2)^6 + (1/2)^8 + (1/2)^10
109. How many integers less than 1000 have no factors (other than 1) in common
with 1000?
(1) 400
(2) 410
(3) 411
(4) 412
(5) None of the above
Soln: 1000 - multiples of 2 and/or 5
multiples of 2 = 500 (all even #)

multiples of 5 = (995 -5)/10 + 1 [ Using AP formula]
= 100
Answer = 1000 - (500 + 100)

= 400
You cannot calculate for all multiples of 5 because you have already removed all
even integers (including 10, 20, and 30). The difference in the AP series should be
10 instead of 5 because you're looking for the integers that have 5 as a unit’s digit.
Therefore we divide by 10 and not 5.
110. Two different numbers when divided by the same divisor left
remainders of 11 and 21 respectively. When the numbers' sum was divided
by the same divisor, the remainder was 4. What was the divisor?
36, 28, 12, 9 or none
Soln: Let the divisor be a.
x = a*n + 11 ---- (1)

y = a*m + 21 ----- (2)
also given, (x+y) = a*p + 4 ------ (3)
adding the first 2 equations. (x+y) = a*(n+m) + 32 ----- (4)
equate 3 and 4.
a*p + 4 = a*(n+m) + 32
or
a*p + 4 = [a*(n+m) + 28] + 4
cancel 4 on both sides.
u will end up with.
a*p = a*(n+m) + 28.
which implies that 28 should be divisible by a. or in short a = 28 works.
Another method:
I think the easiest (not necessarily the shortest), way to solve this is to use given
answer choices. Since the remainders are given as 11 and 21, therefore the divisor
has to be greater than 21 which leaves with two choices 28 and 36. Try 28 first; let
the two numbers be 28+11= 39 and 28+21= 49. Summing them up and dividing by
28 gives (49+39=88), 88/28 remainder is 4, satisfies the given conditions. Check for
36 with same approach, does not work, answer is 28
111. There are 8 members; among them are Kelly and Ben. A committee of 4 is to be
chosen out of the 8. What is the probability that Ben is chosen to be in the
committee and Kelly is not?
Soln: let’s assume Ben has already been chosen. Then I have to choose 3 more
people from the remaining, excluding Kelly, that is, three from six people, that’s 6c3.
so the total is (1c1.6c3)/8c4 which is 2/7
112. How many 5-digit positive integers exist where no two consecutive digits are the
same?
A.) 9*9*8*7*6
B.) 9*9*8*8*8
C.) 9^5
D.) 9*8^4
E.) 10*9^4
Soln: C is correct.
The first place has 9 possibilities, since 0 is not to be counted. All others have 9 each,
since you cannot have the digit, which is same as the preceding one.
Hence 9^5
113. How many five digit numbers can be formed using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3,
4 and 5 which are divisible by 3, without repeating the digits?
(A) 15
(B) 96
(C) 216
(D) 120
(E) 180
Soln: The sum of digits of a multiple of 3 should be div by 3.

for a 5 digit number to be div by 3, the sum of digits (given the digits here) can be
only 12 or 15.
For a sum of 12, the digits that can be used : 0,1,2,4,5
for a sum of 15: 1,2,3,4,5
Number of numbers from the first set = 4.4! (0 cannot be the first digit in the
numbers)
for the second set : 5!
total = 5! +4.4! = 4!(5+4) = 24*9 = 216
Since 0 cannot be the first digit of a number, for the first position, you have 4
choices (all digits except zero). No such constraints exist for the rest of the positions;
hence the next choices are 4,3,2,1 - all multiplying up to give a 4!. Had there been
no 0 involved, the choices would've been 5! Instead of 4.4!
114. A group of 8 friends want to play doubles tennis. How many different
ways can the group be divided into 4 teams of 2 people?
A. 420
B. 2520
C. 168
D. 90
E. 105
Soln: out of 8 people one team can be formed in 8c2 ways.
8c2*6c2*4c2*2c2= 2520.
The answer is 105. Divide 2520 by 4! to remove the multiples ( for example: (A,B) is
same as ( B,A) )
115. My name is AJEET. But my son accidentally types the name by

interchanging a pair of letters in my name. What is the probability that
despite this interchange, the name remains unchanged?
a) 5%
b) 10%
c) 20%
d) 25%
Soln: there are actually 20 ways to interchange the letters, namely, the first letter
could be one of 5, and the other letter could be one of 4 left. So total pairs by
product rule = 20.
Now, there are two cases when it wouldn’t change the name. First, keeping them all
the same. Second, interchanging the two EEs together. Thus 2 options would leave
the name intact.
Prob = 2/20 = 0.1, or 10%.
116. A certain right triangle has sides of length x, y, and z, where x < y < z.
If the area of this triangular region is 1, which of the following indicates all
of the possible values of y ?
A. y > ROOT2
B. ROOT3/2 < y < ROOT2
C. ROOT2/3 < y < ROOT3/2
D. ROOT3/4 < y < ROOT2/3
E. y < ROOT3/4
Soln: right triangle with sides x<y<z and area of 1 => z = hypotenuse and xy/2 = 1
i.e xy = 2
If x were equal to y, we would have had xy = y^2 = 2. And y = root2
But, x<y and so y>root2.
117. A certain deck of cards contains 2 blue cards, 2 red cards, 2 yellow cards, and 2 green
cards. If two cards are randomly drawn from the deck, what is the probability that they will
both are not blue?
A. 15/28
B. 1/4
C. 9/16
D. 1/32
E. 1/16
Soln: Chance of drawing a blue on the first draw = 2/8, so chance of not drawing a blue
on the first draw is 6/8
similarly chance of not drawing blue on second draw = 5/7
Therefore probability of not drawing blue in 2 draws = 6/8*5/7 = 15/28
118. How many integers between 100 and 150, inclusive can be evenly divided by neither 3
nor 5?
Soln: Number of integers that divide 3:
the range is 100-150

Relevant to this case, we take 102 - 150 (since 102 is the first to div 3)
102 = 34*3
150= 50*3, so we have 50-34+1 = 17 multiples of 3
For multiples of 5,
100=5*20
150=5*30
30-20+1 =11
Now we have a total of 27 integers, but we double counted the ones that divide
BOTH 3 AND 5, ie 15.
105 is the first to divide 15.

105=15*7
150=15*10
10-7+1 = 4 integers
So our total is 17+11-4 = 24 integers that can be divided by either 3 or 5 or both.
51 integers - 24 integers = 27 that cannot be evenly divided.
119. Seed mixture X is 40 percent ryegrass and 60 percent bluegrass by

weight; seed mixture Y is 25 percent ryegrass and 75 percent fescue. If a
mixture of X and Y contains 30 percent ryegrass, what percent of the weight
of this mixture is X ?
(A) 10%
(B) 33 1/3%
(C) 40%
(D) 50%
(E) 66 2/3%
Soln: (x+y)30/100 = x*40/100 + y*25/100

30x + 30y = 40x + 25y
y = 2x or y/x = 2/1 or y:x = 2:1 hence x = 33 1/3%
120. Sequence A and B. a1=1, b1=k. an=b(n-1)-a(n-1) bn=b(n-1)+a(n-1). What is

a4=?
Soln: a2 = k-1 ; b2 = k+1
a3= (k+1)-(k-1) = 2 ; b3 = (k+1)+(k-1) = 2k
a4 = 2k - 2 = 2(k-1) = 2(b1-a1)
121. A person put 1000 dollars in a bank at a compound interest 6 years

ago. What percentage of the initial sum is the interest if after the first three
years the accrued interest amounted to 19% of the initial sum?
A) 38% B) 42% C) 19% D) 40%
Soln: assume, interest = r

so after 3 years total money = 1000*(1+r)^3 = 1000*1.19
(1+r)^3 = 1.19
so after 6 years total money = 1000*(1+r)^6 = 1000*1.19^2 = 1000*1.42
so percentage of interest is 42%
122. A, B and C run around a circular track of length 750m at speeds of 3 m/sec, 6 m/sec
and 18 m/sec respectively. If all three start from the same point, simultaneously and run in
the same direction, when will they meet for the first time after they start the race?
A. 750 seconds
B. 50 seconds
C. 250 seconds
D. 375 seconds
E. 75 seconds
Soln: When two people are running in the same direction the relative speed is a
difference in speeds of the two people.
In this case A=3 B=6 C=18
So relative speed of B wrt A is 6-3 = 3m/s

Relative speed of A wrt to C is 18-3 =15m/s
Therefore relative distances will be:

B wrt A is 750/3 =250
C wrt to A 750/15 = 50
So they have to bridge this distance of 250 and 50 between them which is the LCM
of 250 and 50 which is 250.
Another Method: Simply put, Runner A's time take to run one lap is 250
Runner B's time is 125s
and Runner C's time is 41.67s
We can notice that A=2B

and thet B=3C
So when 250 s elapse, they will be at their starting point. A will have completed one
lap, B 2 laps, and C 6 laps
123. X percents of the rooms are suits, Y percent of the rooms are painted
light blue. Which of the following best represents the least percentage of
the light blue painted suits?
1) X-Y
2)Y-X +100
3)100X-Y
4)X+Y-100
e)100-XY
Soln: Equation from set theory:
n(AUB)=n(A)+n(B)-n(A^B)
where,
A= % of rooms which are suites

B= % of rooms painted blue
A^B means the intersection of the two sets
Now in this case, what we need to find is n(A^B), therefore

n(A^B)=n(A)+n(B)-n(AUB)
= X + Y - n(AUB)
Now this would be least when n(AUB) is maximum, which would happen if these two
kinds of rooms are only two kinds available, making n(AUB)=100
Therefore the answer should be X+Y-100

All Rate Questions
16. In the first half of a certain trip, a car maintained an average speed of 40m/h; in the
second half of the trip, the car maintained an average speed of 60m/h. What is the
average speed for the whole trip?
avg speed = 2* product of speeds/ sum of speeds

2*40*60/(40+60) = 4800/100 = 48 ( avg speed = 2ab/a+b)
31. A ship started off at the rate of a. t hours later, in the same direction, another ship
started off at the rate of b. In how many hours the second ship will catch up with the first
ship?
I think there are actually two assumptions that were probably given in the original
question, but are left out here:
1) speed b > speed a (though, this may simply be implied by the wording, anyway)
2) ship 'a' and ship 'b' start from the exact same point.
If both of these are true, I would solve it like this:
ship 'a' is moving at a speed of a for t hours (covering some distance) before ship 'b' begins
moving toward ship 'a' from the same location that ship 'a' started from.
This means that all ship 'b' has to do to catch ship 'a' is make up that distance (essentially,
ship 'b' gave ship 'a' a headstart). To calculate that head start distance, you simply take ship
'a's speed times the hours it traveled at that speed:
head start distance = a * t
Now that we have the distance ship 'b' needs to make up as it chases ship 'a', we just need to
calculate the rate at which it will make up this distance. That is, we need to calculate ship
'b's speed RELATIVE TO ship 'a'. This is simple:
relative speed = b - a
So, the question asks how much time, in hours, it will take ship 'b' to catch up to ship 'a'.
This can be calculated using the common formula d = r * t (distance = rate * time).
Rearrange it to solve for TIME, since that's what the question asks for...
time = distance / rate
Here, distance = "head start distance" = a * t

and rate = "relative speed" = b - a
Plug in, and solve... time = (a * t) / (b - a) hours

39. People A and B together can finish 800 products in x hours. If it takes y hours for A
alone to finish the 800 products, how many hours will it take for B alone to finish the 800
products?
1/a+1/b = 1/x
1/y+1/b = 1/x
1/b = 1/x - 1/y
1/b = y-x/xy
b = xy/y-x
where b will be the total hours that B takes to complete 800 products.
40. Tickets for a movie include A, with rate of $4.5, and B, with rate of $6. If 60% of the
tickets sold are tickets B, what percent of the total revenue on tickets sales are from B?
Let's assume n\the number of B tickets = 60, so the number of A tickets = 40
Total amount = 60*$6+40*$4.5 = $540,
Percent of the total revenue on tickets B sales = 360/540*100% = 66.6%
41. After every 45 minutes trip, a car will take a 15 minutes break. In highway, the car¡¯s
rate is 60m/h, and in country road, the rate is 40m/h. In a 4 hours trip, the car can travel
how many more miles in highway than in country road?
53. Three machines can finish a certain work in 36 hours at the same rate. If a 4th
machine with the same rate is added in, what is the time to finish the work?
3 machines - 36 hrs, so each machine takes 12 hrs. Fourth machine also has this rate. 4
machines can finish the the work in 36*3/4 = 27 hours.
63. With a speed of 20m/h, a truck will passes through a 4024 feet bridge in approximate
how many minutes?
Speed = 20m/hr = (20 * 5280)/60 feet/min (1 mile=5280 feet)
=> Speed = 1760 feet/min
Therefore, time taken = 4024/1760 = 2.28 mins = 2.3 mins

73. A people walked from signpost 1 to signpost 2 at the average rate of 0.125km/m. Is
the distance between two signposts greater than 0.8km?
1). It cost more than 400 second for the people finish the trip
2). It cost less than 450 second for the people finish the trip.
A is the answer.
From the question stem:
People walk 0.125km/m or 1km/8 minutes ot 384 seconds for 0.8 km.
1). It cost more than 400 second for the people finish the trip.
Is SUFF to answer the question - the distance between two signposts is greater than
0.8km.
2). It cost less than 450 second for the people finish the trip. Clearly INSUFF.
it can be exactly 384 seconds or 425 seconds.
97. One tank has a capacity of 64800 gallon, one gallon water weights 8.3 kg. A pile can
fill the tank with a constant speed in12 hours, what is the weight of the water filled into
the tank per min?
747 is the answer.
64800/12 = 5400 gal/hour. 5400/60 = 90gal/minute. 90*8.3 kg = 747.
121. Mary goes from a to b and then from b to c. Speed for a to b is 40 feet/min and
speed for b to c is 60feet /min. She took 3 more hrs to go from a to b and the distance
between a and b was 90 miles more. What was the time taken for b to c?
1. she took less than 45 mins
2. she took more than 42 mins.
Answer E
i guess the question is:
A - B : Speed : 40ft/min
Time : 3hrs more than the time taken to travel distance BC

Distance : 90miles more than BC
B - C : Speed = 60ft/min
144. A car has a 15 gallon-tank. With one gallon gasoline, the car can travel 30 miles
when driving in the city, 20miles in the countryside. What expression is the fraction of
the full fuel tank of a car uses when driving 60 miles in city and 30 miles in the country?
7/30 it is.
Average mpg=total miles/gallons used = (60/30+30/20)15 = (7/2)/15 = 7/30
All Remainder Questions
10. Is x divisible by 3?
1). When x is divided by 5, the remainder is 1
a) The number could be 5 11 16 21 26 31... and varying remainders when divided by 3
b) The number could be 16 31 46 .. any number will give the same remainder when
divided by 3
B it is
58. What is the remainder when 9^845 is divided by 10?
9 it is.
Same explanation as Sangdil's one.
9^2 = 81, 9^3 = 729, patternt will be 1,9,1,9,1,9 ....
And when you divide the digit that ends on 9 by 10, the remainder, of course, will be 9.
64. When integer n is divided by 9, the remainder is 3. Is the integer divisible by 5?

1). When n is divided by 45, the remainder is 30
2). n is divisible by 2
Nos. are 3, 12, 21, 30, 39, 48, 57, 66, 75
1. Divided by 45, remainder is 30. so 30 and 75, divisible by 5
2. 12 and 30 are divisible by 2 but both not by 5. Insufficient.
Hence A
77. What is the remainder when n is divided by 10?
1). The tens?digit of 11^n is 4
2). The hundreds?digit of 5^n is 6
11^4 = 14641
11^14 = xxxxxxxxxxxx241. (it will be 15 digit number u can check using calc.)
similarly 11 ^ 24 = ....841 (a 25 digit number)
we get n = 4 , 14,24,34,44..... every time dividing by 10 leaves 4..
so stem(1) alone sufficient.
stem(2) after n>2 and n even we get 6 in hundreds place and n odd we get 1 in hundreds
place .. it can be better understood by values.
5 ^ 3 = 125
5^4 = 625
5^5 = 3125
5^6 = 15625 so for every n >2 and n is even we get 6 in hundreds place
so n can have 4, 6, 8,10,12... when divided by 10 leaves diffirent values so not sufficient..
clearly answer is (A) ie stem(1) alone sufficient and stem(2) not sufficient.
83. When k^4 is divided by 32, the remainder is 0. Which of the following could be the
remainder when k is divided by 32?
2, 4, 6?/P>
Should be 4.
Here is my reasoning.
K^4=32n (n is positive integer.)
K=2*4sqrt(2n)
Because K should be integer, n should be 2^3, 2^7, 2^11, 2^15, etc.
Then, K could be 4, 8, 16, 32..
Hence, 4 from choices.
99. Is x^2+y^2 divisible by 5?
1). When x-y is divided by 5, the remainder is 1
2). When x+y is divided by 5, the remainder is 3
stem 1>> x-y can be 6, 11,16,21,26,31 etc
take 6 for eg, 6 in x-y can be 7-1, 8-2, 9-3,10-4 etc...insufficient, some do get satisfied,
some dont..
stem 2>>> x+y can be 8,13,18,23,28 etc
take 8 for eg, 1+7, 2+6, 3+5, 4+4 etc...same case, insufficient...
combining 1 & 2,
x-y/5 with rem=1, x+y/5 with rem 3
7-1/5=5/5==rem 1, 7+1/5, 8/3==rem 3
12-1/5=11/5==rem 1, 12+1/5, 13/5==rem 3
17-1/5=16/5==rem 1, 17+1/5, 18/5 ==rem 3
guess, C is the answer
IMO-C
102. If 56<x<66, where x is an integer. x=?
2). x+1 is divisible by 3.
E it is.
x can be 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 INSUFF
2). x+1 is divisible by 3.
x can be 59, 62, 65 INSUFF
Both INSUFF as well.
107. When a positive integer is divided by 4, the remainder is r; when divided by 9, the
remainder is R. What is the greatest possible value of r^2+R? [Uncertain]
23, 21, 17, 13, 11
17 it is.
3^2+8=17.
maximum remainder when integer is divided by 4 is 3.
maximum remainder when integer is divided by 9 is 8.
All Sequence questions
4. Sequence s1,s2,s3,..sn, is such that s=1/n-1/n+1 . Is the sum of first n terms greater
than 9/10?
1). n>10
2). n<19
The Sum is asked here.

Sn = 1/n - 1/n+1
Sum of first k terms will be:
= 1/1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/3 - 1/4 + .... + 1/k - 1/(k+1)
= 1 - 1/(k+1)
If k = 9 the Sum would be 1 - 1/10 = 0.9
Therefore, for any k>9 the sum will always be > 0.9.
Stmt 1: Sufficient;
Stmt2: Insufficient
Reason: if k> 9 sum will be > 9/10
for k= 9 sum will be 9/10
for k < 9 sum will be > 9/10
IMO the answer is A.
8. S(n)=S(n-1)^S(N-2), S1=1,S2=2,S3=2^1....S6/S5=?
S(1) = 1
S(2) = 2
S(3) = 2^1.... (all of the above are given)
Now.............according to the formula
S(4) = S(3)^S(2)
= (2^1) ^ 2 = 2^(1+1)=2^2..(Substitute S(3) and S(2))
S(5) = S(4)^S(3) = (2^2)^(2^1) = (2^2)^(2) = 2^4
S(6) = S(5)^S(4)= (2^4)^(2^2) = (2^4)^4 = 2^16
Now......
S(6)/S(5) = 2^16/2^4 = 2^12
163 = (42)3 = 46
46 = (22)6 = 212
23. The first term of a geometric sequence is 1/2, and the common ratio is 1/2. The 10th
term will fall into which of the following range?
0.1~0.01, 0.01~0.001, 0.001~0.0001,0.0001~0.00001
1st term: (1/2)
2nd term: (1/2) * (1/2) = (1/2) ^2
3rd term: (1/2) * (1/2) * (1/2) = (1/2)^3
....
So, therefore, the 10th term: (1/2)^10 = 1/1024
If you divide 1/1024, so the answer should be .001 (1/1000) ~.0001 (1/10000)
43. If an=3a(n-1)-x, and a5=99, a3=27, x=?

A5 = 3A4 - X -----(1)
A4 = 3A3 -X -----(2)
Let us substitue the value of A4 from (2) in (1)
=> A5 = 3(3A3 - X) -X = 9A3 - 4X
Given A5 = 99 and A3 = 27
=> 99 = 9 * 27 - 4X
=> 4X = 243 - 99
=> X = 144/4 = 36
Or
A4 = 3a(3) -x
a4=3*27-x
a4=81-x
a5=3a(4)-x
a5=3(81-x)-x
99=243-3x-x
-144=-4x
36=x
88. An=An-1 +5, A5=31. A1=?
Answer:11
94. Sequence A consists of 10 consecutive odd numbers and B consists of 5 consecutive

even numbers. If the least number in A is 7 greater than the least number in B, the
average of the numbers in A is how much greater than average of numbers in B?
Picked numbers B : 2 4 6 8 10 | A : 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
Ans : 12
96. S=1/32 + 1/33 + ... +1/64, S is in which of the following range?
0.5<S<1
128. A person makes a sit-up exercise plan. First day, he will do five sit-up, then 6 in the
second day, 7 in the third day...How many sit-up will he do in the following 16 days?
Answer: a1=5, d=1, n=16, S16=na1+n(n-1)/2 d =200
the formula of sum of n terms of an Arithmetic progression (AP) is
S(n) = (n/2)*[ 2a+(n-1)*d ] or n*(a+(n-1)*d/2)
here a = first term

d= 1 (difference between successive terms)
and number of terms = 16
194. A sequence of numbers is 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, what is the range of the tenth
number a10 in the sequence?
Answer: 0.0001<a10<0.001
should be:
0.0001 < 1/1024 (a10) < 0.001 range.
The tenth number a10 in the sequence will be 1/1024.
All Units Questions
14. X, y and z are three digits numbers, and x=y+z. Is the hundreds’ digit of x equal to
the sum of hundreds’ digits of y and z?
1). the tens’ digit of x equal to the sum of tens’ digits of y and z
2). the units’ digit of x equal to the sum of units’ digits of y and z
yes only A satifies.
Statement 1: 321 + 221 = 542, 952 = 521 + 432 -->satifies
Statement 2: 952 = 521 + 432 but 364 + 240 = 604 ---> does nt satisfy
62. n=?
1). The tens¡¯ digit of 11^n is 4
2). The hundreds¡¯ digit of 5^n is 6
E it is.
From 1, n = 10k + 4 (k>=0, this is the series n lies in)
From 2, n = 2m+3 (where, m>=0)

Thus, there's no value of m and k that can satisfy n, thus the answer is E.
Or
wouldnt the series repeat after 10 numbers?

from A: n can be 4,14,24...
from B: cannot determine..
Both together also insufficient..

Answer E
77. What is the remainder when n is divided by 10?
1). The tens?digit of 11^n is 4
2). The hundreds?digit of 5^n is 6
stem 1>>
11^0=01 | 11^1=11 | 11^2=121 | 11^3=1331 | 11^4=14641 | 11^5=161051 |
the units digit start from 0,1,2,3,4,5 etc...
take n with units digit =4, 14641...sufficient.....and this applicable for all n values of
14,24,34,etc..
stem 2>>
5^0=1 | 5^1=5 | 5^2=25 | 5^3=125 | 5^4=525 | 5^5=2625 | 5^6=13125
it doent follow a pattern, so - insufficient..
A it is....
Or
11^4 = 14641
11^14 = xxxxxxxxxxxx241. (it will be 15 digit number u can check using calc.)
similarly 11 ^ 24 = ....841 (a 25 digit number)
we get n = 4 , 14,24,34,44..... every time dividing by 10 leaves 4..
so stem(1) alone sufficient.

stem(2) after n>2 and n even we get 6 in hundreds place and n odd we get 1 in hundreds
place .. it can be better understood by values.
5 ^ 3 = 125
5^4 = 625
5^5 = 3125
5^6 = 15625 so for every n >2 and n is even we get 6 in hundreds place
so n can have 4, 6, 8,10,12... when divided by 10 leaves diffirent values so not sufficient..
clearly answer is (A) ie stem(1) alone sufficient and stem(2) not sufficient.
111. Is number 3 the tens?digit of x?
Statement (1). When x is divided by 100, the remainder is 30
This will be true only for 130 ,230,330 ..etc
Ten's digit always 3
SUFF
Statement 2). When x is divided by 110, the remainder is 30
x = 140,250,360 --> ten's digit other than 3
x = 1130 --> ten's digit 3
INSUFF
Answer (A
125. Integers x and y have three digits and z is the sum of x and y. Is the tens?digit of z
equal to the sum of the tens?digits of x and y?
1). Both x and y have units?digits greater than 6
2). The sum of tens?digit of x and y is 7
A.
X = ABC
Y = DEF,
Z = (X+Y)
i) Given than C and F are greater than 6, that implies, the tens' digit of Z will NEVER be
sum of B and E. And, hence SUFF. There will always be carry from sum of units digit
of X and Y.
ii) INSUFF, as we do not know about the units' digit.
I fell for that GMAT trap.... was looking at B for a moment....... Without the tenths digit
we cant really support claims of stmt 2 so it is insufficient.
and as gere79 said stmt is really sufficient if you take a closer look at it.
130. X=10^n*25^2, what is the unit's digit of x?
1). Forget...useless
2). n^2=1
n can be +/-1, so x can be 6250 or 62.5.
Discarding A it is E
Agree, E.
But is given X is an integer, then B.
133. If b is an integer and b<10, x=1+ b/100. b=?
1). 1<=b<=3
2). The thousandth's digit of 10X^2 is equal to the tens's digit of x^2
Ones....... tenths........hund..............thousand...........ten-thous andths

0. 1 ; ; 2 3 4
.1234 =1/10 + 2/100 +3/1000 + 4/10000

(thousandths’ digit of 10X^2 ) is equal to the tens’ digit of x^2
1000 of 10x^2 = 10 of x^2
take b=1
so x^2 = 1.201 and 10x^2 = 12.01
which is only possible when b=9
so the x^2 value is = 1.09^2 = 1.1881
so the value of b=9....
IMO B
134. Of the 24 positive integers, all have the units's digit of 5, 1/3 have tens?digit of 0,
1/3 have tens' digit of 1, 1/3 of tens' digit of 2. What is the tens' digit of sum of 24
numbers?
Pretty straight forward 6 it is
(24 * 5 ) = 120 for the units
8 * 0 = 0 for the 1st 1/3
8 * 1 = 8 for the 2nd 1/3
8 * 2 = 16 for the 3rd 1/3
so the sum of tenths of the 24 numbers = 12(carry over from the units) + 8 + 16 = 36
we are looking for the tenths so answer is 6 .....we carry over 3 to the hundreds side.
140. Is the tens?digit of x greater than that of y?
1). x-y=37
2). The units' digit of x is ... greater than that of y

E it is. But to be sure there must be the indication in the question stem that x and y are
positive.
1). x-y=37 INSUFF
For example: x = 64 and y = 27 (6>4) or x = 114 and y = 77 (1<7).
2). The units’ digit of x is … greater than that of y INSUFF
146. If 300<X<400, is the tens?digit of x greater than 5?
1). The units' digit of x is greater than 4
2). When x is added with 237, the hundreds?digit will be equal to 6
IMO B
hundered's digit cannot be 4; hence the ten's digit got be 7,8,9 in X
to get 600, min 363 must be added..
since 300<X<400, x has to be greater than or equal to 363 or tens digit has to be greater
than 5. so B
159. What is the unit's digit of X?

1). x/(10^n)=25^2
2). n^2=1
Let the unit digit be u.
Now1>> x/(10^n) = 625.. Now n can take any value ranging from -ve to +ve.
So u can have 6,2,5,0.
Insuff
2>> n^2=1. ;
n^2=1;
n can be +1,-1.
So u can be 2 or 0.
E is the answer
161. x and y are 2-digt integers. What is the difference between two tens' digit?
1). x-y=27
2). Units' digit of x minus the units' digit of y is greater than 3
From 1,
x-y = 27 (consider 2 representative cases x = 97 & y = 70 or x = 86, y=59) .. so the diff of

tens digits can be either 2 or 3
From 1 & 2,
The diff between Units' digit of x minus the units' digit of y will be greater than 3 only for
cases where the diff between tens digits is 2 (and not for the cases where the diff is 3)
Coordinate Geometry Questions and Answers

1.) In the xy-plane, does the line with equation y=3x + 2 contain the point (r,s)?
(1) (3r + 2 - s) (4r + 9 - s) = 0

(2) (4r - 6 - s) (3r + 2 - s) = 0
Answer:
We have to prove, s=3r+2
statement 1:
(3r+2-s)(4r+9-s) = 0
s=3r+2 substituting in above eqn. satisfies it.
s=4r+9 doesn't satisfy the above eqn.
So s could be 3r+2 or 4r+9 Means we can't say for sure.
Statement 2:
(4r-6-s)(3r+2-s) = 0
s=4r+6 substituting in above eqn. doesn't satisfy.
s=3r+2 satisfies the above eqn.
so s could be 3r+2 or 4r+6 so can't say for sure. Insufficient
Combining both the statements
s=3r+2
so satisfies the above eqn.
ANS(C)
2.) In the xy-coordinate plane, line l and line k interect at the point (4,3). Is the
product of their slopes negative?
1.) The product of the x-intercepts of lines l & k is positive.
2.) The product of the y-intercept of lines l and K is negative.
Answer:
Let me try to explain this qn theoretically!
let eqn of lines be y1 = mx1 +c1 & and y2 = mx2 + c2
Qn: Is m1*m2 negative?
Stmt 1:
Product of x intercepts is +ve:
x intercept of line l : -c1/m1
x intercept of line k : -c2/m2
product of x intercepts = c1*c2/m1*m2 is +ve
=> c1*c2 & m1*m2 can be +ve or c1*c2 & m1*m2 can be -ve
Insufficient
Stmt2:
Product of y intercepts is -ve:
y intercept of line l = c1
y intercept of line k = c2
product of y intercepts = c1*c2 is -ve.. no info on m1*m2
Insufficient
Combining both stmts, since c1*c2 is -ve from stmt 2, m1*m2 has to be -ve so that
c1*c2/m1*m2 is +ve (from stmt 1)
Ans C.
3.)
Answer:
I would say C.
From Stmt 1 we have a+ b = -1 and from 2 we have ab = -6
to find a and b
A=> a+b = -1
no info
B=> ab=-6
no info
A and B together
Solving these eqns, we get a and b
y=(x+a)(x+b) intersects x-axis at (-a,0) and (-b,0) and not a,0 and b,0
also, ab = -6 , coz
second stmnt says that graph intersects y-axis at (0,-6)
Put x = 0 in y=(x+a)(x+b) and we get
-6 = a*b
4.)
Coordinate Geometry Questions and Answers
4.) In the xy-plane, does the line with equation y=3x + 2 contain the point (r,s)?
(1) (3r + 2 - s) (4r + 9 - s) = 0

(2) (4r - 6 - s) (3r + 2 - s) = 0
Answer:
We have to prove, s=3r+2
statement 1:
(3r+2-s)(4r+9-s) = 0
s=3r+2 substituting in above eqn. satisfies it.
s=4r+9 doesn't satisfy the above eqn.
So s could be 3r+2 or 4r+9 Means we can't say for sure.
Statement 2:
(4r-6-s)(3r+2-s) = 0
s=4r+6 substituting in above eqn. doesn't satisfy.
s=3r+2 satisfies the above eqn.
so s could be 3r+2 or 4r+6 so can't say for sure. Insufficient
Combining both the statements
s=3r+2
so satisfies the above eqn.
ANS(C)
5.) In the xy-coordinate plane, line l and line k interect at the point (4,3). Is the
product of their slopes negative?
1.) The product of the x-intercepts of lines l & k is positive.
2.) The product of the y-intercept of lines l and K is negative.
Answer:
Let me try to explain this qn theoretically!
let eqn of lines be y1 = mx1 +c1 & and y2 = mx2 + c2
Qn: Is m1*m2 negative?
Stmt 1:
Product of x intercepts is +ve:
x intercept of line l : -c1/m1
x intercept of line k : -c2/m2
product of x intercepts = c1*c2/m1*m2 is +ve
=> c1*c2 & m1*m2 can be +ve or c1*c2 & m1*m2 can be -ve
Insufficient
Stmt2:
Product of y intercepts is -ve:
y intercept of line l = c1
y intercept of line k = c2
product of y intercepts = c1*c2 is -ve.. no info on m1*m2
Insufficient
Combining both stmts, since c1*c2 is -ve from stmt 2, m1*m2 has to be -ve so that
c1*c2/m1*m2 is +ve (from stmt 1)
Ans C.
Introduction
How probable is it to get probability questions on GMAT?
Probability questions are becoming increasingly common. They tend to be bundled among the difficult
questions, so high scorers will commonly encounter 1, 2, or 3 of them. If you are a low scorer and are
pressed for time, consider skipping most of the material past "Simple Probability." GMAT is a computer-
adaptive test, and low scorers aren't likely to encounter the most difficult probability question types.
Do I have to be a genius to solve probability questions?
Absolutely not. Both this brief course and GMAT do not require any math knowledge beyond what you
learned in your high school. Just be sure to try solving the problems and get a grip of the solution tools,
and you'll crack it. To tell you the secret, the myth of the complexity of the probability theory is simply
another way to secure the math instructors' wages.
What is probability?
Probability is a measure of how likely is an event to happen. It is measured in fractions from 0 to 1 (0 is

impossible, 1 is unavoidable or certain). Sometimes it is denoted in percentages, again from 0% to 100%.
What is an event and an outcome?
Event is anything that happens. In probability theory we speak of events having outcomes or results. A
coin flip (an event) has two possible outcomes - heads and tails. A die toss has six possible outcomes.
When a coin is flipped (an event is tested), one of the outcomes is obtained. Either heads or tails.
How is probability used?
A probability is commonly denoted as p(SomeEvent). So, p(Heads) = 50% means that you have 1 chance
in 2 to get heads in a coin flip. This also means that if you flip the coin 100 times, you'll get about 50
heads. But not exactly 50. You may get 49, or 63, or even no heads. But you're most likely to get such a
number of heads that will be close to 50. This works for any probability. So, if the probability of getting
married after going to the cinema is 3%, out of 1,000 movies you'll be married about 1,000 * 3% = 30
times. Maybe 26 or 34, but the average expectation is 30. That's what you use probability for, apart from
cracking GMAT.
::outline::
Simple Probability: The F/T Rule
In general, the probability of an event is the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of
possible outcomes. This is known as the F/T Rule, and 90% of the problems are solved with this tool. No
kidding.
Pr ob ab ility = (# of favo rable ou tc om es) / (# o f po ssib le o utco mes)
Here're some examples to see how it works:
Ex amp le 1 . Wh at is the p rob ab ilit y th at a ca rd d ra wn at rando m from a deck of ca rd s wi ll

be an ace?
S olutio n
In thi s case the re a re four fa vo ra ble outcomes :
1. the a ce of sp ade s,
2. the a ce of he art s,
3. the a ce of d iam onds ,
4. the a ce of cl ubs .
Si nce eac h of the 52 cards in the de ck rep rese nts a poss ib le outcome , the re are 52
pos sib le outcom es. The refore, the p rob ab ilit y is 4/52 or 1/13. The s ame p rin cip le ca n be
appl ied to the p rob lem o f determin ing the prob ab il ity of obt ain ing di fferent tota ls from a
p ai r of d ice.
Ex amp le 2 . Two fa ir six-side d dice are rol led ; wha t is the proba bi lit y of h aving 5 as the
sum of the num bers?
S olutio n
There are 36 pos sib le outcom es wh en a p ai r of d ice is th rown (si x outcom es fo r the first
d ie times six outcomes for the second one ). Since fou r of the outco mes ha ve a total of 5
[(1 ,4 ), (4, 1), (2, 3), (3 ,2 )], the pro bab il ity of the t wo dice add ing up to 5 is 4/36 = 1/9.
Ex amp le 3 . Two six-side d dic e are rol led ; wha t is the p roba bi lit y of havin g 12 as the su m
o f the numbe rs?
S olutio n
We al re ady kn ow the total nu mbe r of pos sib le outcom es is 36 , an d since there i s only one
outco me that su ms to 12, (6 ,6 - you need to rol l doub le si x), the pro ba bil ity is sim pl y
1 /3 6.
Din osau r examp le. A b londe girl (G. W. Bush , you r bos s, o r who ever you lo ve too
he art il y) was a sked once wha t is the p rob abi lit y of meetin g a di nosa ur in the street . The
answer wa s: "50 %. I either meet it or not." This is how you DON 'T use the F /T ru le. When
count ing the outco mes , ma ke su re th at:
1. a ll o f them a re equ al ly li ke ly to h appe n

2. you ha ve not le ft out an y po ssib il ities whe n countin g T
3. F a nd T are in the sa me curren cy, i .e. if F is comb inat ions a nd T is permut ations ,
you'll get an e rror.
Congratulations! Now you've come through the easy part. If you're fine with moderate GMAT and a
modest school in West Virginia or Nevada desert, you may proudly and happily abandon this course right
here.
NOTE: The material from here on through the end of the section is dense and intended only for medium
to high scorers. Because GMAT is a CAT (computer-adaptive test), it is relatively unlikely that lower
scorers will encounter these questions, and, if they are short of time, they are better off putting their time
into other sections.
::outline::
Probability of Multiple Events
For questions involving single events, the F/T rule is sufficient. In fact, it is often sufficient for all other
cases too. But, for questions involving multiple events, some other tools may be more appropriate. Even
when the problem can be solved with F/T, these tools still may provide a more elegant solution. Here're
the tools:
1. NOT tool
If you know that the probability of an event (or one of the outcomes) is p, the probability of this
event NOT happening (or the probability of it NOT having this given outcome), is (1-p).
p(not A) + p(A) = 1
2. AND tool
If two (or more) independent events are occurring, and you know the probability of each, the
probability of BOTH (or ALL) of them occurring together (event A and event B and event C etc) is
a multiplication of their probabilities.
p(A and B) = p(A) * p(B)

p(A and B and C ... and Z) = p(A) * p(B) * p(C) * ... *
p(Z)
Suppose I will only be happy today if I get an email and win the lottery. I've a 90% chance to get
an email and 0.1% chance to win the lottery. What are my chances for happiness? Since email
and lottery are independent (getting an email doesn't change my lottery chances, and vice
versa), we can use the AND tool: p(email and lottery) = p(email) * p(lottery) = 90% * 0.1% =
0.09%; So I have 9 chances in 10,000... Not bad.
3. OR tool
If two (or more) incompatible events are occurring, the probability of EITHER of them occurring
(event A or event B or event C etc) is a sum of their probabilities.
p(A or B) = p(A) + p(B)

p(A or B or C ... or Z) = p(A) + p(B) + ... + p(Z)
Incompatible means that they can't happen together, i.e. p(A and B) = 0. In case of two
compatible events, the OR tool looks a bit more complicated:
p(A or B) = p(A) + p(B) - p(A and B)
If we know that A and B are independent, we can apply AND tool to rewrite:
p(A or B) = p(A) + p(B) - p(A) * p(B)
Suppose I will now be happy in both cases - either getting an email or winning the lottery. What
are my chances to happiness now? p(email or lottery) = p(email) + p(lottery) - p(email) *
p(lottery) = 90% + 0.1% - 0.09% = 90.01%; My chances are 9,001 in 10,000 now. I'd rather
choose this one.
4. Expressions/Brackets tool
When you're being asked for something complex, try reducing it to events and outcomes, and
writing a formula. Use brackets to denote complex events, such as (A and B), or (A and (B or
C)), etc. It is common to use AND as if it is multiplication and OR as if it is addition in the order
preference, i.e. (A and B or C) = ((A and B) or C), but (A and (B or C)) <> (A and B or C). When
you figure out the formula, it'll be easy to reduce it to simple arithmetic operations by using NOT,
AND, and OR tools.
5. Elimination tricks
Given that 0 <= p(A) <= 1, you get the following rules:
1. p(A and B) <= p(A)

2. p(A or B) >= p(A)
3. p(A and B) <= p(A or B)
Thinking of these rules is often an excellent strategy for eliminating certain answer choices.
Ex amp le 4 . If a fa ir coin is tosse d twice , wh at is the prob ab il ity that on the fi rst toss the
coi n lan ds he ads an d on the second toss the coin l ands tail s?
1. 1/6
2. 1/3
3. 1/4
4. 1/2
5. 1
S olutio n. Suppose fi rst toss is A, secon d is B. We kn ow that p (A_h ea ds) = 5 0% a nd that

p (B _tails ) = 50 %. Al so, A a nd B a re in depen dent . So, p (A_ hea ds an d B_ta il s) =
p (A_ hea ds) * p(B_t ai ls) = 5 0% * 5 0% = 25 % = 1/4. Ans we r is C.
Ex amp le 5 . If a fa ir coin is toss ed t wice wha t is the p rob abi lit y that it wi ll lan d eithe r
he ads both times o r tai ls both ti mes?
1. 1/8
2. 1/6
3. 1/4
4. 1/2
5. 1
S olutio n. Let first toss be A, second B .
p(Ah) = p(At) = p(Bh) = p(Bt) = 1/2

p(Ah and Bh) = p(Ah) * p(Bh) = 1/4
p(At and Bt) = p(At) * p(Bt) = 1/4
p((Ah and Bh) or (At and Bt)) = p(Ah and Bh) + p(At and Bt) =
1/4 + 1/4 = 1/2
Note that AND rule works beca use A an d B are inde pend ent, and OR rul e wo rks bec ause
(Ah an d Bh) and (At a nd Bt ) are inco mpa tib le.
Alt ern ati ve ly, you m ay use F/T rule to so lve this. Enume rat e outcomes as (HH, HT, TH,
TT). F avorab le are HH and TT. So , p = 2/4 = 1 /2 . Alth ough in this cas e F/T rul e wo rks
mo re g rac efu ll y, the AND /O R app ro ach is still help ful - you can l ea rn it on such e asy
e xampl es as thi s to pre pa re fo r the mo re di fficu lt ones .
Ex amp le 6 . A bowma n hits h is target in 1/2 of his shots. W hat is the pro bab il ity of hi m
m issin g the ta rget at least once in three shots?
S olutio n . An opti ma l wa y to solve this i s to th ink that (mis sing the target at le ast once )
= 1 - (hitt ing it eve ry time ). So, p (h ittin g it eve ry tim e) = p (shot 1_h it and shot 2_h it and
shot 3_hit ) = p (shot 1_hit ) * p (sh ot2_h it) * p(shot3 _hit ) = 1/2 * 1/2 * 1 /2 = 1/8;
p (m issi ng at le ast once ) = 1 - p(h ittin g it e very ti me) = 1 - 1/8 = 7/8.
Alt ern ati ve ly, use the F/T rule . The T a re HHH, HHM, HMH, HMM, MHH, MHM, MMH, MMM.
T = 8 . The F a re HHM, HMH, HMM, MHH, MHM, MMH, MMM. F = 7.
In c ases l ike this it is e vi dent that F/T rule soon become s too hard to ap ply.
::outline::
Event Types and Sets Analogy
Compatible vs. Incompatible (Mutually exclusive) Events
Sometimes you have to distinguish compatible and mutually exclusive events. Mutually exclusive are
those events that can't happen together. Heads and tails are mutually exclusive events. Formally, two
events are mutually exclusive if p(A and B) = 0. Otherwise, they are compatible. Note that mutually
exclusive events are independent. (!)
Dependent vs. Independent Events
Most of the events that we have discussed so far are all independent events. By independent we mean
that the first event does not affect the probability of the second event. Coin tosses are independent. They
cannot affect each other's probabilities; the probability of each toss is independent of a previous toss and
will always be 1/2. Separate drawings from a deck of cards are independent events if you put the cards
back.
An example of a dependent event, one in which the probability of the second event is affected by the first,
is drawing a card from a deck but not returning it. By not returning the card, you've decreased the
number of cards in the deck by 1, and you've decreased the number of whatever kind of card you drew. If
you draw an ace of spades, there are one fewer aces and one fewer spades. This fact affects the F in the
F/T rule.
What to do if you encounter dependent events? If possible, try to use F/T rule to the composite event of
the two. In the cards example, you may consider counting all 2-card combinations you may draw (T), and
then counting those that fit (F). This will be discussed in detail later. But sometimes the events can't be
reduced to outcomes that can be counted. In these cases, use the sets analogy.
Sets Analogy
Remember the familiar problem type about students attending three language classes, say, French,
German, and Chinese? There you had to calculate the number of students attending one of the classes, or
number of students attending both French and German, but not Chinese, etc? The greatest way to solve
such problems is to draw intersecting circles representing the three sets of students, and then to write
there their numbers and try to find the answer.
What does it have to do with probability, one might wonder. But this is precisely the way to solve
probability problems with dependent events. This charts you may have drawn for simple sets problems are
called Venn diagrams in the probability theory. Perhaps to scare you away.
The logic is simple: each event is a language class, and each chance is a student in that class. And the
probability of the event is the number of students (chances) attending it divided by the total number of
students. Where the classes intersect is where two events happen at once. Mutually exclusive events do
not intersect. Finally, independent events intersect in such an interesting way that, supposing French and
German classes represent two independent events, the proportion of French students in the German class
is the same as the proportion of French students in the school as a whole (100 students, 40 study
German, 50 study French, and 20 study both: 20/40 = 50/100).
Conditional Probability
Conditional probability is a simple way to denote proportions you understand with the sets analogy.
Simply put, p(A/B) is the probability of event A happening given that event B has already happened, or
the number of students attending both A and B classes divided by the number of students attending B
class.
So, for any two events, including dependent events, this statement hold:
p(A and B) = p(A) * p(B/A) = p(B) * p(A/B)
This statement, however scary, is self-evident. Look at it. It says that to find the number of students
studying French and German you have to either multiply the number of those who study French by the
proportion of German scholars in the French class (p(B/A)), or multiply the number of German students by
the proportion of French students in the German class (p(A/B)). But that's self-evident, isn't it? So it is
with events.
Independent events may, therefore, be defined as such that p(B/A) = p(B), p(A/B) = p(A).
Ex amp le 7 . Wh at is the p rob abi lit y th at a ca rd se lected from a dec k wil l be either an ac e
o r a spa de?
1. 2/52
2. 2/13
3. 7/26
4. 4/13
5. 17/52
S olutio n.L et A stand for a ca rd be ing a n ace , and S for it bein g a spa de . We ha ve to find
p (A o r S). Are A a nd S mutu al ly exc lusi ve ? No. A re the y ind epen dent? Wh y, yes, be cau se
sp ade s have as man y ac es as a ny other su it. Then ,
p(A or S) = p(A) + p(S) - p(A) * p(S)
With si mple F/T we get :
p(A) = 4/52 = 1/13

p(B) = 13/52 = 1/4
So ,
p(A or S) = 1/13 + 1/4 - 1/52 = 16/52 = 4/13
Sets ana log y ca n help you visu al ize the formul a. Draw two intersecti ng ci rcl es - one for
aces, the other for sp ad es. To get the a re a (p ro ba bil ity) of the figu re fo rm ed b y these t wo
ci rc les togeth er (al l ch ances that are eithe r a ces or sp ad es), you ad d the area s of ac es
and sp ades a nd subt ra ct the inte rsect ing a re a, in order not to count it twi ce. What we
subt ract is the a ce of sp ade s that was counted t wic e.
Anoth er way to thin k a bout the que stion i s to just cou nt aces a nd sp ades ; th at is, use the
F /T ru le . The re a re 13 spa des in a deck an d 3 aces othe r tha n the ace o f spa des a lread y
in clud ed in the 1 3 spa des. The re fore, there a re 1 6 desi re d outcomes out o f a tota l of 52
pos sib le outcom es, o r 16 /5 2 = 4 /1 3.
Ex amp le 8 . If so meone d ra ws a ca rd at ra ndom fro m a dec k a nd then , wi thout repl ac ing

the first ca rd , draws a second c ard, wha t is the proba bi lit y that bot h cards wil l be a ces?
S olutio n. Event A is that the first ca rd is an ace . Sin ce 4 of the 5 2 cards a re a ces, P(A) =
4 /5 2 = 1 /1 3. Given th at the fi rst c ard is an a ce, wh at is the p rob abi lit y th at the second
c ard wi ll be an ac e as wel l? O f the 51 rema ini ng ca rd s, 3 a re a ces. The re fore, p(B/A) =
3 /5 1 = 1 /1 7, and the refore:
p(A and B) = p(A) * p(B/A) = 1/13 * 1/17 = 1/221
Ex amp le 9 . If the re a re 3 0 red and b lue ma rb les in a jar, a nd the ratio of re d to blue
m arbles is 2:3, wh at is the p rob ab ilit y th at, d ra wi ng twi ce, you wil l sel ect two red
m arbles if you ret urn the ma rbl es after each d ra w?
S olutio n. So, the re a re 1 2 red and 18 blue m arble s. W e are as ked to d ra w twi ce an d
return the ma rb le after each d ra w. Therefore , the first draw does not a ffect the
p rob ab ilit y o f the second draw. W e retu rn the m arble a fte r the d ra w, an d there fo re , we
return the situ ation to the in iti al con ditio ns before the second d ra w. Noth ing i s alte re d in
bet we en draws; the refore , the e vents a re i ndep endent .
p (d rawi ng a re d ma rb le) wou ld be 12/30 = 2 /5 . The same is true for the second d ra w.
Then p (F irst_Re d and Second _Red ) = p(Fi rst _Red ) * p (Sec ond_ Red ) = 2/5 * 2/5 = 4/25 .
Ex amp le 1 0. No w consid er the s ame que stion wit h the condit ion that you do not return
the m arbles aft er e ach d ra w.
S olutio n. The p rob ab ilit y o f drawin g a red m arble on the first draw re ma ins the sa me,
12 /3 0 = 2/5. The seco nd d ra w, however, is diffe rent . The init ia l cond itions have been
altered b y the first draw. We now ha ve onl y 2 9 ma rb les in the ja r a nd onl y 11 red . So,
p (Sec ond_ Red /F irst_Re d) = 11 /2 9. Using the depen dent e vent fo rmu la ,
p(First_Red and Second_Red) = p(First_Red) *

p(Second_Red/First_Red) =
2/5 * 11/29 = 22/145
To summ ariz e, i f you retu rn e ve ry ma rb le yo u select , the p roba bi lit y of drawin g anothe r
m arble i s una ffected ; the e vents a re INDEPENDE NT. If you do not return the ma rb les , the
num ber of m arbles is affe cted an d therefo re DE PEND ENT.
::outline::
Learning the Advanced Tools
Detailed discussion of advanced solution tools is out of scope of this lesson, but here're some
considerations to get you started:
Combinations. Good understanding of CT formulas (n!, nAk, nCk) is essential to solving complex F/T
problems, where both F and T are so large you can't enumerate them manually, but only with a formula.
See our Combinations Lesson.
Expectations. Some probability problems deal with money, gains, and bets. Often you have to calculate
which bet will be better, or how much it will be worth. The tool that deals with this is Expectation. E = G *
p, where G is gain, and p is probability. So, a 10% chance to get $100 is worth (has E) of $100 * 10% =
$10. Therefore, it is better than to get $8 for granted, but worse than a 5% chance to get $300 (E = $300
* 5% = $15). Complex expectation works similarly: E1 = E * p, i.e. a 10% chance to get a 25% chance to
get $100 is worth 10% * (25% * $100) = $2.5; This is how Expectations work.
Distributions. The three types of distributions are Binominal, Hypergeometric, and Poisson distributions.
These are just handy formulas for solving 3 very specific kinds of problems, like these:
• If the coin is tossed 5 times, what is the probability that at least 3 out of 5 times it will show
heads? (Binominal Distribution)
• There are 2 green, 3 red, and 2 blue balls in a box. 4 are drawn at random without replacement.
What is the probability that of the 4 drawn balls two are red, 1 is green, and 1 is blue?
(Hypergeometric Distribution)
• Each hour an average of ten cars arrive at the parking lot. The lot can handle at most fifteen cars
per hour. What is the probability that at a given hour cars will not be accepted? (Poisson
Distribution)
As you may have noticed, Poisson and Binominal Distribution problems are alike. In fact, these
Distributions are two methods of solving the same kind of problems. The difference is that BD provides
accurate but costly (many calculations) method, and PD provides and elegant approximation, and is
therefore used only on large numbers.
While BD and HD are quite likely to appear on GMAT, PD is not. For GMAT Club's members it is an open
question whether one can in fact encounter PD on GMAT. In any case, there won't be two questions on
PD.
See the Appendix 1 below for an explanation of BD and HD.
S@ifur’s GMAT MAF:28

Difficult Problems from the Math Section
chymahfuz@gmail.com
10. The sum of the even numbers between 1 and n is 79*80, where n is an odd
number, then n=?
Sol: First term a=2, common difference d=2 since even number
therefore sum to first n numbers of Arithmetic progression would be
n/2(2a+(n-1)d)
= n/2(2*2+(n-1)*2)=n(n+1) and this is equal to 79*80
therefore n=79 which is odd...
11. The price of a bushel of corn is currently $3.20, and the price of a peck of
wheat is $5.80. The price of corn is increasing at a constant rate of 5x cents
per day while the price of wheat is decreasing at a constant rate of
cents per day. What is the approximate price when a bushel of corn costs the
same amount as a peck of wheat?
(A) $4.50
(B) $5.10
(C) $5.30
(D) $5.50
(E) $5.60
Soln: 320 + 5x = 580 - .41x; x = # of days after price is same;
solving for x; x is approximately 48, thus the required price is 320 + 5 * 48 = 560
cents = $5.6
12. How many randomly assembled people do u need to have a better than 50%
prob. that at least 1 of them was born in a leap year?
Soln: Prob. of a randomly selected person to have NOT been born in a leap yr = 3/4
Take 2 people, probability that none of them was born in a leap = 3/4*3/4 = 9/16. The
probability at least one born in leap = 1- 9/16 = 7/16 < 0.5
Take 3 people, probability that none born in leap year = 3/4*3/4*3/4 = 27/64.
The probability that at least one born = 1 - 27/64 = 37/64 > 0.5
Thus min 3 people are needed.
13. In a basketball contest, players must make 10 free throws. Assuming a player
has 90% chance of making each of his shots, how likely is it that he will make
all of his first 10 shots?
Ans: The probability of making all of his first 10 shots is given by
(9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10)* (9/10) =
(9/10)^10 = 0.348 => 35%
14. AB + CD = AAA, where AB and CD are two-digit numbers and AAA is a

three digit number; A, B, C, and D are distinct positive integers. In the
addition problem above, what is the value of C?
(A) 1
(B) 3
(C) 7
(D) 9
(E) Cannot be determined

Ans: AB + CD = AAA
Since AB and CD are two digit numbers, then AAA must be 111
Therefore 1B + CD = 111
B can assume any value between 3 and 9
If B = 3, then CD = 111-13 = 98 and C = 9
If B = 9, then CD = 111-19 = 92 and C = 9
So for all B between 3 & 9, C = 9
Therefore the correct answer is D (C = 9)
15. A and B ran a race of 480 m. In the first heat, A gives B a head start of 48 m
and beats him by 1/10th of a minute. In the second heat, A gives B a head start
of 144 m and is beaten by 1/30th of a minute. What is B’s speed in m/s?
(A) 12
(B) 14
(C) 16
(D) 18
(E) 20
Ans: race 1 :- ta = tb-6 ( because A beats B by 6 sec)

race 2 :- Ta = tb+2 ( because A looses to B by 2 sec)
By the formula D= S * T
we get two equations
480/Sa = 432/Sb -6 ------------1)
480/Sa = 336/Sb +2------------2)
Equating these two equations we get Sb = 12
ta,Sa stand for time taken by A and speed of A resp.
16. A certain quantity of 40% solution is replaced with 25% solution such that
the new concentration is 35%. What is the fraction of the solution that was
replaced?
(A) 1/4
(B) 1/3
(C) 1/2
(D) 2/3
(E) ¾
Ans: Let X be the fraction of solution that is replaced.
Then X*25% + (1-X)*40% = 35%
Solving, you get X = 1/3
17. A person buys a share for $ 50 and sells it for $ 52 after a year. What is the
total profit made by him from the share?
(I) A company pays annual dividend
(II) The rate of dividend is 25%
(A) Statement (I) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (II) alone is not
sufficient
(B) Statement (II) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (I) is not sufficient
(C) BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement
alone is sufficient
(D) Each statement ALONE is sufficient
(E) Statements (I) and (II) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient
18. A bag contains 3 red, 4 black and 2 white balls. What is the probability of
drawing a red and a white ball in two successive draws, each ball being put
back after it is drawn?
(A) 2/27
(B) 1/9
(C) 1/3
(D) 4/27
(E) 2/9
Ans: Case I: Red ball first and then white ball
P1 = 3/9*2/9= 2/27
Case 2: White ball first and then red ball

P2 = 2/9*3/9 = 2/27
Therefore total probability: p1 + p2 = 4/27
10. What is the least possible distance between a point on the circle x^2 + y^2 = 1
and a point on the line y = 3/4*x - 3?
A) 1.4
B) sqrt (2)
C) 1.7
D) sqrt (3)
E) 2.0
Ans: The equation of the line will be 3x - 4y - 12 = 0.

This crosses the x and y axis at (0,-3) and (4,0)
The circle has the origin at the center and has a radius of 1 unit.
So it is closest to the given line when, a perpendicular is drawn to the line, which passes
through the origin.
This distance of the line from the origin is 12 / sqrt (9 + 16) which is 2.4
[Length of perpendicular from origin to line ax +by + c = 0 is
mod (c / sqrt (a^2 + b^2))]
The radius is 1 unit.
So the shortest distance is 2.4 - 1 unit = 1.4 units
11.
In the square above, 12w = 3x = 4y. What fractional part of the square is shaded?
A) 2/3
B) 14/25
C) 5/9
D) 11/25
E) 3/7
Sol: Since 12w=3x=4y,
w:x=3:12=1:4 and x:y=4:3
so, w = 1
x=4
y=3
the fractional part of the square is shaded:

{(w+x)^2 - [(1/2)wx + (1/2)wx +(1/2)xy + (1/2)w(2w)]}/(w+x)^2
= {(w+x)^2 - [wx + (1/2)xy + w^2)]}/[(w+x)^2]
=[(5^2) -(4+6+1)]/(5^2)
= (25 - 11)/25
= 14/25
12. The average of temperatures at noontime from Monday to Friday is 50; the
lowest one is 45, what is the possible maximum range of the temperatures?
20 25 40 45 75
Ans: The answer 25 doesn't refer to a temperature, but rather to a range of temperatures.
The average of the 5 temps is: (a + b + c + d + e) / 5 = 50

One of these temps is 45: (a + b + c + d + 45) / 5 = 50
Solving for the variables: a + b + c + d = 205
In order to find the greatest range of temps, we minimize all temps but one. Remember,
though, that 45 is the lowest temp possible, so: 45 + 45 + 45 + d = 205
Solving for the variable: d = 70
70 - 45 = 25
13. If n is an integer from 1 to 96, what is the probability for n*(n+1)*(n+2) being
divisible by 8? 25% 50% 62.5% 72.5% 75%

Soln: E = n*(n+1)*(n+2)
E is divisible by 8, if n is even.
No of even numbers (between 1 and 96) = 48
E is divisible by 8, also when n = 8k - 1 (k = 1,2,3,.....)

Such numbers total = 12(7,15,....)
Favorable cases = 48+12 = 60.

Total cases = 96
P = 60/96 = 62.5
Method 2:
From 1 to 10, there are 5 sets, which are divisible by 8.
(2*3*4) (4*7*6) (6*7*8)(7*8*9)(8*9*10)
So till 96, there will be 12 * 5 such sets = 60 sets
so probability will be 60/96 = 62.5
14. Kurt, a painter, has 9 jars of paint:

4 are yellow
2 are red
rest are brown
Kurt will combine 3 jars of paint into a new container to make a new color, which
he will name accordingly to the following conditions:
Brun Y if the paint contains 2 jars of brown paint and no yellow

Brun X if the paint contains 3 jars of brown paint
Jaune X if the paint contains at least 2 jars of yellow
Jaune Y if the paint contains exactly 1 jar of yellow
What is the probability that the new color will be Jaune
a) 5/42
b) 37/42
c) 1/21
d) 4/9
e) 5/9
Sol: 1. This has at least 2 yellow meaning..
a> there can be all three Y => 4c3

OR
b> 2 Y and 1 out of 2 R and 3 B => 4c2 x 5c1
Total 34
2.This has exactly 1 Y and remaining 2 out of 5 = > 4c1 x 5c2
Total 40
Total possibilities = (9!/3!6!) = 84
Adding the two probabilities: probability = 74/84 = 37/42
15. TWO couples and a single person are to be seated on 5 chairs such that no
couple is seated next to each other. What is the probability of the above??
Soln:
Ways in which the first couple can sit together = 2*4! (1 couple is considered one unit)
Ways for second couple = 2*4!
These cases include an extra case of both couples sitting together
Ways in which both couple are seated together = 2*2*3! = 4! (2 couples considered as 2
units- so each couple can be arrange between themselves in 2 ways and the 3 units in 3!
Ways)
Thus total ways in which at least one couple is seated together = 2*4! + 2*4! - 4! = 3*4!
Total ways to arrange the 5 ppl = 5!
Thus, prob of at least one couple seated together = 3*4! / 5! = 3/5
Thus prob of none seated together = 1 - 3/5 = 2/5
16. An express train traveled at an average speed of 100 kilometers per hour,
stopping for 3 minutes after every 75 kilometers. A local train traveled at an
average speed of 50 kilometers, stopping for 1 minute after every 25 kilometers. If
the trains began traveling at the same time, how many kilometers did the local train
travel in the time it took the express train to travel 600 kilometers?
a. 300
b. 305
c. 307.5
d. 1200
e. 1236
Sol: the answer is C: 307.5 km

Express Train:
600 km --> 6 hours (since 100 km/h) + stops * 3 min.
stops = 600 / 75 = 8, but as it is an integer number, the last stop in km 600 is not a real
stop, so it would be 7 stops
so, time= 6 hours + 7 * 3 min. = 6 hours 21 min
Local Train:
in 6 hours, it will make 300 km (since its speed is 50 km/hour)
in 300 km it will have 300 / 25 stops = 12, 12 stops 1 min each = 12 min
we have 6 hours 12 min, but we need to calculate how many km can it make in 6 hours
21 min, so 21-12 = 9 min
if 60 min it can make 50 km, 9 min it can make 7.5 km
so, the distance is 300 + 7.5 = 307.5 km
17. Matt starts a new job, with the goal of doubling his old average commission of
$400. He takes a 10% commission, making commissions of $100.00, $200.00,
$250.00, $700.00, and $1,000 on his first 5 sales. If Matt made two sales on the last
day of the week, how much would Matt have had to sell in order to meet his goal?
Sol: The two sales on Matt's last day of the week must total $33,500.
(100 + 200 + 250 + 700 + 1000 + x) / 7 = 800

x = 3350
since x is Matt's 10% commission, the sale is $33,500.
18. On how many ways can the letters of the word "COMPUTER" be arranged?
1) Without any restrictions.

2) M must always occur at the third place.
3) All the vowels are together.
4) All the vowels are never together.
5) Vowels occupy the even positions.
Sol:
3) 8! = 40320
4) 7*6*1*5*4*3*2*1=5,040
3) Considering the 3 vowels as 1 letter, there are five other letters which are
consonants C, M, P, T, R
CMPTR (AUE) = 6 letters which can be arranged in 6p6 or 6! Ways
and A, U, E themselves can be arranged in another 3! Ways for a total of 6!*3! Ways
5) Total combinations - all vowels always together

= what u found in 1) - what u found in 3)
= 8! - 6! *3!
5) I think it should be 4 * 720
in 5*3*4*2*3*1*2*1 It is assumed that Last even place is NOT filled by a vowel.

There can be total 4 ways to do that.
Hence 4 * 720
19. In the infinite sequence A, ,

where x is a positive integer constant. For what value of n is the ratio
of to equal to ?
(A) 8
(B) 7
(C) 6
(D) 5
(E) 4
Sol: The method I followed was to reduce the Q to (x^6/ x ) * ( Y/Y)

the eqn An= (x ^ n -1)(1+ x + x^2 + x^3 +.... ) ----------------------------(1)
and the eqn x(1+x(1+x(1+x...))))

which I call Z can be reduced to x( 1+x+x^2+x^3 ..) --------(2)
from (1) and (2) we get An / Z = x^(n-1) / x

therefore for getting answer x^5 (n-1) = 6
therefore n=7
Ans: B
20. In how many ways can one choose 6 cards from a normal deck of cards so as to
have all suits present?
a. (13^4) x 48 x 47
b. (13^4) x 27 x 47
c. 48C6
d. 13^4
e. (13^4) x 48C6
Sol: 52 cards in a deck -13 cards per suit

First card - let us say from suit hearts = 13C1 =13
Second card - let us say from suit diamonds = 13C1 =13
Third card - let us say from suit spade = 13C1 =13
Fourth card - let us say from suit clubs = 13C1 =13
Remaining cards in the deck= 52 -4 = 48
Fifth card - any card in the deck = 48C1
Sixth card - any card in the deck = 47C1
Total number of ways = 13 * 13 * 13 * 13 * 48 * 47 = 13^4 *48*47 ---> choice A
21. Each of the integers from 0 to 9, inclusive, is written on a separate slip of blank
paper and the ten slips are dropped into a hat. If the slips are then drawn one at a
time without replacement, how many must be drawn to ensure that the numbers on
two of the slips drawn will have a sum of 10?
3
4
5
6
7*
Sol:
ok consider this
0 + 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 +5 +6..Stop --> Don’t go further. Why? Here’s why.

At the worst the order given above is how u could pick the out the slips. Until u add the
slip with no. 6 on it, no two slips before that add up to 10 (which is what the Q wants)
the best u can approach is a sum of 9 (slip no. 5 + slip no. 4)
but as soon as u add slip 6. Voila u get your first sum of 10 from two slips and that is
indeed the answer = 7 draws
22. Two missiles are launched simultaneously. Missile 1 launches at a speed of x

miles per hour, increasing its speed by a factor of every 10 minutes (so that after
10 minutes its speed is , after 20 minutes its speed is , and so forth.

Missile 2 launches at a speed of y miles per hour, doubling its speed every 10
minutes. After 1 hour, is the speed of Missile 1 greater than that of Missile 2?
1)
2)
(A) Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement (2)
alone is not.
(B) Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement (1)
alone is not.
(C) Statements (1) and (2) TAKEN TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the
question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
(D) EACH statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.
(E) Statements (1) and (2) TAKEN TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the
question.
Sol:
Since Missile 1's rate increases by a factor of every 10 minutes, Missile 1 will be
traveling at a speed of miles per hour after 60 minutes:
minutes0-1010-2020-3030-4040-5050-6060+speed
And since Missile 2's rate doubles every 10 minutes, Missile 2 will be traveling at a speed
of after 60 minutes:
minutes0-1010-2020-3030-4040-5050-6060+speed
The question then becomes: Is ?
Statement (1) tells us that . Squaring both sides yields . We can substitute
for y: Is ? If we divide both sides by , we get: Is ? We can further
simplify by taking the square root of both sides: Is ? We still cannot answer this, so
statement (1) alone is NOT sufficient to answer the question.
Statement (2) tells us that , which tells us nothing about the relationship between x
and y. Statement (2) alone is NOT sufficient to answer the question.
Taking the statements together, we know from statement (1) that the question can be
rephrased: Is ? From statement (2) we know certainly that , which is another
way of expressing . So using the information from both statements, we can answer
definitively that after 1 hour, Missile 1 is traveling faster than Missile 2.
The correct answer is C: Statements (1) and (2) taken together are sufficient to answer the
question, but neither statement alone is sufficient.
23. If , what is the unit’s digit of ?
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 3
(D) 5
(E) 9
Sol:
The unit’s digit of the left side of the equation is equal to the unit’s digit of the right side
of the equation (which is what the question asks about). Thus, if we can determine the
unit’s digit of the expression on the left side of the equation, we can answer the question.
Since , we know that 13! Contains a factor of 10, so its

unit’s digit must be 0. Similarly, the unit’s digit of will also have a unit’s digit of 0.
If we subtract 1 from this, we will be left with a number ending in 9.
Therefore, the unit’s digit of is 9. The correct answer is E.
24. The dimensions of a rectangular floor are 16 feet by 20 feet. When a rectangular
rug is placed on the floor, a strip of floor 3 feet wide is exposed on all sides. What
are the dimensions of the rug, in feet?
(A) 10 by 14 (B) 10 by 17 (C) 13 by 14 (E) (D) 13 by 17 (E) 14 by 16
Soln: The rug is placed in the middle of the room. The rug leaves 3m on either side of it
both lengthwise and breadth wise. Now, the dimensions of the rug would be the
dimensions of the room - the space that it does not occupy. With three 3 on either side, 6
m is not occupied by the rug in both dimensions.
So, rug size = (16-6) X (20-6) = 10 X14
25. How many different subsets of the set {10,14,17,24} are there that contain an odd
number of elements?
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10 ( e) 12
Soln: 8 is the answer. The different subsets are
10,
14,
17,
24,
10, 14, 17
14 17 24
17 24 10
24 10 14
26. Seven men and seven women have to sit around a circular table so that no 2
women are together. In how many different ways can this be done?
a.24 b.6 c.4 d.12 e.3
Soln: I suggest to first arranging men. This can be done in 6! Ways. Now to satisfy above
condition for women, they should sit in spaces between each man. This can be done in 7!
Ways (because there will be seven spaces between each man on round table)
Total ways = 6! * 7!
27. Find the fourth consecutive even number:

(I) the sum of the last two numbers is 30
(II) the sum of the first two numbers is 22
the ans is D
please explain why I alone is sufficient?
Soln: I guess, there are 4 consecutive even numbers to start with..

Stmt 1) Sum of 3rd even + Sum of 4th even = 30 => 14+16 = 30 => 4th even num = 16..
Sufficient
Stmt 2) Sum of Ist even +Sum of 2nd even = 22 => 10 and 12 are the 2 numbers to begin
with, then 3rd num = 14 and 4th num = 16.. Sufficient
Ans – D
28. If the sum of five consecutive positive integers is A, then the sum of the next five
consecutive integers in terms of A is:
a) A+1
b) A+5
c) A+25
d) 2A
e) 5A
Soln: If you divide the sum obtained by adding any 5consecutive numbers by '5', and
then you will get the Center number of the sequence itself.
i.e. 1 - 5 = 15/5 = 3 . 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
so, sixth consecutive number will be '3' more than the 'Middle term'
i.e. 3+3=6, similarly 3+4=7
Hence going by this. Asked sum would be
[(A/5) + 3]+[(A/5) + 4]+[(A/5) + 5]+[(A/5) + 6]+[(A/5) + 7] = A + 25
29. If P represents the product of the first 15 positive integers, then P is not a
multiple of:
a) 99 b) 84 c) 72 d) 65 e) 57
Solution: If P represents the product of the first 15 integers, P would consist of the prime
numbers that are below 15.
2,3,5,7,11,13
Any value that has a prime higher than 13 would not be a value of P.
57 = 3, 19
19 is a prime greater than 13, so the answer is E.
30. 5 girls and 3 boys are arranged randomly in a row. Find the probability that:
B) There is one girl on each end.
Solution: For the first scenario:

The first seat can be filled in 3C1 (3 boys 1 seat) ways = 3

the last seat can be filled in 2C1 (2 boys 1 seat) ways = 2
the six seats in the middle can be filled in 6! (1 boy and 5 girls) ways
Probability= (3C1 * 2C1 * 6!)/ 8! = 3/28
For the second scenario:

A) there is one girl on each end.
The first seat can be filled in 5C1 (5 girls 1 seat) ways = 5
the last seat can be filled in 4C1 (2 girls 1 seat) ways = 4
the six seats in the middle can be filled in 6! (3 boys and 3 girls) ways
Probability= (5C1 * 4C1 * 6!)/ 8! = 5/14
31. If Bob and Jen are two of 5 participants in a race, how many different ways can
the race finish where Jen always finishes in front of Bob?
Solution: approach: first fix Jen, and then fix Bob. Then fix the remaining three.
Case 1: When Jen is in the first place.

=> Bob can be in any of the other four places. => 4.
The remaining 3 can arrange themselves in the remaining 3 places in 3! Ways.
Hence total ways = 4*3!
Case 2: When Jen is in the second place.

=> Bob can be in any of three places => 3.
The remaining can arrange themselves in 3 places in 3! Ways.
Continuing the approach.

Answer = 4*3! +3*3! +2*3! +1*3! = 10*3! = 60 ways.
32. A set of numbers has the property that for any number t in the set, t + 2 is in the
set. If –1 is in the set, which of the following must also be in the set?
I. –3 II. 1 III. 5
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III
Soln: Series property: t => t+2. (Note: for any given number N, ONLY N + 2 is
compulsory. N - 2 is not a necessity as N could be the first term...this can be used as a
trap.)
Given: -1 belongs to the series. => 1 => 3 =>5. DOES NOT imply -3.
Hence, II and III (D).
33. A number is selected at random from first 30 natural numbers. What is the
probability that the number is a multiple of either 3 or 13?
(A) 17/30
(B) 2/5
(C) 7/15
(D) 4/15
(E) 11/30
Solution: Total no from 1 to 30 = 30
total no from 1 to 30 which r multiple of 3 = 10 (eg(3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30))
total no from 1 to 30 which r multiple of 13 = 2 (eg 13,26)
P(a or b ) = p(a) + p(b)
p(a)= 10/30
p(b)=2/30
p(a) + p(b) = 10/30+2/30 = 2/5
34. Two numbers are less than a third number by 30% and 37 % respectively. How
much percent is the second number less than the first?
a) 10 % b) 7 % c) 4 % d) 3 %
Solution: .7 & .63
diff in %= (.7 - .63)/.7 * 100= .07/.7 * 100= 10%
35. If y ≠ 3 and 2x/y is a prime integer greater than 2, which of the following must
be true?
I. x = y
II. y = 1
III. x and y are prime integers.
(A) None
(B) I only
(C) II only
(D) III only
(E) I and II
37. Someone passed a certain bridge, which needs fee. There are 2 ways for him to
choice. A : $13/month+$0.2/time , B: $0.75/time . He passes the bridge twice a day.
How many days at least he passes the bridge in a month, it is economic by A way?
A) 11 B) 12 C) 13 D) 14 E) 15
Soln: Let x be the no days where both are equal cost

13 + 0.2*2x= 0.75*2x
13+.4x=1.5x
13=1.1x
x=11.81
by plugging in for 12 days
For A
13 +(12*2)*.2=13+4.8=17.8
For B
24*.75=18
therefore answer is B.
38. Two measure standards R and S. 24 and 30 measured with R are 42 and 60
when they are measured with S, respectively. If 100 is acquired with S, what would
its value be measured with R?
39. Every student of a certain school must take one and only one elective course. In
last year, 1/2 of the students took biology as an elective, 1/3 of the students took
chemistry as an elective, and all of the other students took physics. In this year, 1/3
of the students who took biology and 1/4 of the students who took chemistry left
school, other students did not leave, and no fresh student come in. What fraction of
all students took biology and took chemistry?
A. 7/9 B .6/7 C.5/7 D.4/9 E.2/5
Soln: If total =1
Last year
B=1/2
C=1/3
P=1/6
This year
B= 1/2 * 2/3 = 1/3
C= 1/3 * 3/4= 1/4
Tot 1/3+1/4=7/12
student left this year
B = 1/2 * 1/3 = 1/6
C= 1/3 *1/4 = 1/12
tot= 1/6 +1/12 = 1/4
So the school has total student this year
= Last year student no - total no of student left this year
= 1- 1/4
=3/4
Answer = 7/12 / 3/4
= 7/9
40. If X>0.9, which of the following equals to X?
A. 0.81^1/2 B. 0.9^1/2 C. 0.9^2 D. 1-0.01^1/2

41. There are 8 students. 4 of them are men and 4 of them are women. If 4 students
are selected from the 8 students. What is the probability that the number of men is
equal to that of women?
A.18/35 B16/35 C.14/35 D.13/35 E.12/35
Soln: there has to be equal no of men & women so out of 4 people selected there has to
be 2M & 2W.
Total ways of selecting 4 out of 8 is 8C4
total ways of selecting 2 men out of 4 is 4C2
total ways of selecting 2 women out of 4 is 4C2
so probability is (4C2*4C2)/ 8C2 = 18/35
42. The area of an equilateral triangle is 9.what is the area of it circumcircle.
A.10PI B.12PI C.14PI D.16PI E.18PI
Soln: area = sqrt(3) / 4 * (side)^2 = 9
so , ( side )^2 = ( 9*4 ) / sqrt(3)
Height = H = sqrt(3)/2 * (side) , so H^2 = 3/4 * Side^2 = 3/4 * (9*4) / sqrt(3)
Radius of CircumCircle = R = 2/3 of ( Height of the Equilateral Triangle )
so , area of Circumcircle = PI * R^2
=> PI * 4/9 * H^2
=> PI * 4/9 * 3/4 * (9*4) / sqrt(3)
=> PI * 4 * sqrt(3)
43.A group of people participate in some curriculums, 20 of them practice Yoga, 10

study cooking, 12 study weaving, 3 of them study cooking only, 4 of them study both
the cooking and yoga, 2 of them participate all curriculums. How many people study
both cooking and weaving?
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 E.5
Soln: We know there are 10 people who do cooking as an activity.
3 -> people who do only cooking

4 -> do cooking and Yoga
2 -> do all of the activities
x -> number of people doing cooking and weaving
When you sum all this up, we should have 10. So 3+4+2+x=10 --> x=10-9=1
44. There 3 kinds of books in the library fiction, non-fiction and biology. Ratio of
fiction to non-fiction is 3 to 2; ratio of non-fiction to biology is 4 to 3, and the total of
the books is more than 1000?which one of following can be the total of the book?
A 1001 B. 1009 C.1008 D.1007 E.1006
Soln: fiction : non-fiction = 3 : 2 = 6 : 4

non-fiction : biology = 4 : 3
fiction : non-fiction : biology = 6 : 4 : 3
6x + 4x + 3x = 1000
x = 76 12/13
if we add 1, 13 will divide evenly (1001/13 = 77)
1000 + 1 = 1001
45. In a consumer survey, 85% of those surveyed liked at least one of three
products: 1, 2, and 3. 50% of those asked liked product 1, 30% liked product 2, and
20% liked product 3. If 5% of the people in the survey liked all three of the
products, what percentage of the survey participants liked more than one of the
three products?
A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
E) 25
Soln: n(1U2U3) = n(1) + n(2) + n(3) - n(1n2) - n(2n3) - n(1n3) + n (1n2n3)
85=50+30+20- [n(1n2) - n(2n3) - n(1n3)] +5
[n(1n2) - n(2n3) - n(1n3)] = 20
46. For a certain company, operating costs and commissions totaled $550 million in
1990, representing an increase of 10 percent from the previous year. The sum of
operating costs and commissions for both years was
(A) $1,000 million
(B) $1,050 million
(C) $1,100 million
(D) $1,150 million
(E) $1,155 million
Solution: 1998 = $500 M

1999 = $550 M
Sum = $ 1050 M
Ans:B
47. Fox jeans regularly sell for $15 a pair and Pony jeans regularly sell for $18 a
pair. During a sale these regular unit prices are discounted at different rates so that
a total of $9 is saved by purchasing 5 pairs of jeans: 3 pairs of Fox jeans and 2 pairs
of Pony jeans. If the sum of the two discounts rates is 22 percent, what is the
discount rate on Pony jeans?
(A) 9%
(B) 10%
(C) 11%
(D) 12%
(E) 15%
Soln: Ans : B
Total discount is 22% = $9
by back solving, in this case ,the discount percent for pony jeans should be less than 11%
(22/2)because the price of this product is more.
take choice B
10% of 18= 1.8
total discount on 2 pony jeans= $3.6
22%-10%=12%
12% of 15 = $1.8
total discount on 3 fox jeans = $5.4
3fox jeans discount +2 pony jeans discount =$9
5.4 +3.6=9
so answer is B.
48. There are 2 kinds of staff members in a certain company, PART TIME AND
FULL TIME. 25 percent of the total members are PART TIME members others are
FULL TIME members. The work time of part time members is 3/5 of the full time
members. Wage per hour is same. What is the ratio of total wage of part time
members to total wage of all members.
A.1/4 B.1/5 C 1/6 D 1/7 E 1/8
Soln: What is the ratio of total wage of part time members to total wage of all members.
You have calculated ratio of Part time-to-Full time.
P x/4 3y/5 3xy/4*5

A 3x/4 Y + x/4 3y/5 18xy/20
Ratio= p/a= 3xy/18xy= 1/6
49. If 75% of a class answered the 1st question on a certain test correctly, 55%
answered the 2nd question on the test correctly and 20% answered neither of the
questions correctly, what percent answered both correctly?
10%
20%
30%
50%
65%
Soln: This problem can be easily solved by Venn Diagrams
Lets think the total class consists of 100 students
so 75 students answered question 1

and 55 students answered question 2
Now 20 students not answered any question correctly
Therefore out of total 100 students only 80 students answered either question 1 or
question 2 or both the questions...
So 75+55=130 which implies 130-80=50% are the students who answered both correctly
and are counted in both the groups...that’s why the number was 50 more..
Let me know if someone has problems understanding...
50. A set of data consists of the following 5 numbers: 0,2,4,6, and 8. Which two
numbers, if added to create a set of 7 numbers, will result in a new standard
deviation that is close to the standard deviation for the original 5 numbers?
A). -1 and 9
B). 4 and 4
C). 3 and 5
D). 2 and 6
E). 0 and 8
Soln: SD = Sqrt(Sum(X-x)^2/N)
Since N is changing from 5 to 7. Value of Sum(X-x)^2 should change from 40(current) to
48. So that SD remains same.
so due to new numbers it adds 8. Choice D only fits here.

51. How many integers from 0 to 50, inclusive, have a remainder of 1 when divided
by 3?
A.14 B.15. C.16 D.17 E.18
Soln: if we arrange this in AP, we get

4+7+10+.......+49
so 4+(n-1)3=49: n=16
C is my pick
52. If k=m(m+4)(m+5) k and m are positive integers. Which of the following could
divide k evenly?
I.3 II.4 III.6
Soln: The idea is to find what are the common factors that we get in the answer.
m = 1, k = 30 which is divisible by 1,2,3,5,6,10, 15 and 30

m = 2, k = 84 which is divisible by 1,2,3,4,6, ....
As can be seen, the common factors are 1,2,3,6
So answer is 3 and 6
53. If the perimeter of square region S and the perimeter of circular region C are
equal, then the ratio of the area of S to the area of C is closest to
(A) 2/3
(B) 3/4
(C) 4/3
(D) 3/2
(E) 2
Soln: and the answer would be B...here is the explanation...
Let the side of the square be s..then the perimeter of the square is 4s
Let the radius of the circle be r..then the perimeter of the circle is 2*pi*r
it is given that both these quantities are equal..therefore
4s=2*pi*r
which is then s/r=pi/2
Now the ratio of area of square to area of circle would be

s^2/pi*r^2
(1/pi)*(s/r)^2
= (1/pi)*(pi/2)^2 from the above equality relation
pi=22/7 or 3.14
the value of the above expression is approximate =0.78 which is near to answer B
54. Two people walked the same distance, one person's speed is between 25 and
45,and if he used 4 hours, the speed of another people is between 45 and 60,and if he
used 2 hours, how long is the distance?
A.116 B.118 C.124 D.136 E.140
Soln: First person-- speed is between 25mph and 45mph

similarly
Second person-- speed is between 45mph and 60mph

So for the first person---distance traveled is greater than 100 and Less than 130
and for the second person---distance traveled is greater than 90 and less than 120
so seeing these conditions we can eliminate C, D, and E answers...
but I didn’t understand how to select between 116 and 118 as both these values are
satisfying the conditions...
55. How many number of 3 digit numbers can be formed with the digits 0,1,2,3,4,5 if
no digit is repeated in any number? How many of these are even and how many
odd?
Soln: Odd: fix last as odd, 3 ways __ __ _3_
now, left are 5, but again leaving 0, 4 for 1st digit & again 4 for 2nd digit: _4_ _4_ _3_
=48 Odd.
100-48= 52 Even
56. How many 3-digit numerals begin with a digit that represents a prime and end
with a digit that represents a prime number?
A) 16 B) 80 c) 160 D) 180 E) 240
Soln: The first digit can be 2, 3, 5, or 7 (4 choices)

The second digit can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 (10 choices)
The third digit can be 2, 3, 5, or 7 (4 choices)
4 * 4 * 10 = 160
57. There are three kinds of business A, B and C in a company. 25 percent of the
total revenue is from business A; t percent of the total revenue is from B, the others
are from C. If B is $150,000 and C is the difference of total revenue and 225,000,
what is t?
A.50 B.70 C.80 D.90 E.100
Soln: Let the total revenue be X.
So X= A + B+ C
which is X= 1/4 X+ 150 + (X-225)
4X= X+ 600 + 4X -900
Solving for X you get X= 300
And 150 is 50% of 300 so the answer is 50 % (A)
58. A business school club, Friends of Foam, is throwing a party at a local bar. Of
the business school students at the bar, 40% are first year students and 60% are
second year students. Of the first year students, 40% are drinking beer, 40% are
drinking mixed drinks, and 20% are drinking both. Of the second year students,
30% are drinking beer, 30% are drinking mixed drinks, and 20% are drinking
both. A business school student is chosen at random. If the student is drinking beer,
what is the probability that he or she is
also drinking mixed drinks?
A. 2/5
B. 4/7
C. 10/17
D. 7/24
E. 7/10
Soln: The probability of an event A occurring is the number of outcomes that result
in A divided by the total number of possible outcomes.
The total number of possible outcomes is the total percent of students drinking beer.
40% of the students are first year students. 40% of those students are drinking
beer. Thus, the first years drinking beer make up (40% * 40%) or 16% of the total
number of students.
beer. Thus, the second years drinking beer make up (60% * 30%) or 18% of the
total number of students.
(16% + 18%) or 34% of the group is drinking beer.
The outcomes that result in A is the total percent of students drinking beer and
mixed drinks.
40% of the students are first year students. 20% of those students are drinking both
beer and mixed drinks. Thus, the first years drinking both beer and mixed drinks
make up (40% * 20%) or 8% of the total number of students.
both beer and mixed drinks. Thus, the second years drinking both beer and mixed
drinks make up (60% * 20%) or 12% of the total number of students.
(8% + 12%) or 20% of the group is drinking both beer and mixed drinks.
If a student is chosen at random is drinking beer, the probability that they are also
drinking mixed drinks is (20/34) or 10/17.
59. A merchant sells an item at a 20% discount, but still makes a gross profit of 20
percent of the cost. What percent of the cost would the gross profit on the item have
been if it had been sold without the discount?
A) 20% B) 40% C) 50% D) 60% E) 75%
Soln: Lets suppose original price is 100.
And if it sold at 20% discount then the price would be 80
but this 80 is 120% of the actual original price...so 66.67 is the actual price of the item
now if it sold for 100 when it actually cost 66.67 then the gross profit would be 49.99%
i.e. approx 50%
60. If the first digit cannot be a 0 or a 5, how many five-digit odd numbers are
there?
A. 42,500
B. 37,500
C. 45,000
D. 40,000
E. 50,000
Soln: This problem can be solved with the Multiplication Principle. The Multiplication
Principle tells us that the number of ways independent events can occur together can
be determined by multiplying together the number of possible outcomes for each
event.
There are 8 possibilities for the first digit (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9).

There are 10 possibilities for the second digit (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
There are 10 possibilities for the third digit (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
There are 10 possibilities for the fourth digit (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
There are 5 possibilities for the fifth digit (1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
Using the Multiplication Principle:
= 8 * 10 * 10 * 10 * 5
= 40,000
61.A bar is creating a new signature drink. There are five possible alcoholic
ingredients in the drink: rum, vodka, gin, peach schnapps, or whiskey. There
are five possible non-alcoholic ingredients: cranberry juice, orange juice,
pineapple juice, limejuice, or lemon juice. If the bar uses two alcoholic
ingredients and two non-alcoholic ingredients, how many different drinks
are possible?
A. 100
B. 25
C. 50
D. 75
E. 3600
Soln: The first step in this problem is to calculate the number of ways of selecting
two alcoholic and two non-alcoholic ingredients. Since order of arrangement does not
matter, this is a combination problem.
C(n,r) = n!/(r!(n-r!))
The number of combinations of alcoholic ingredients is
C(5,2) = 5!/(2!(3!))
C(5,2) = 120/(2(6))
C(5,2) = 10
The number of combinations of non-alcoholic ingredients is
C(5,2) = 5!/(2!(3!))
C(5,2) = 120/(2(6))
C(5,2) = 10
The number of ways these ingredients can be combined into a drink can be
determined by the Multiplication Principle. The Multiplication Principle tells us that the
number of ways independent events can occur together can be determined by
multiplying together the number of possible outcomes for each event.
The number of possible drinks is
= 10 * 10
= 100
62. The sum of the even numbers between 1 and n is 79*80, where n is an
odd number. N=?
Soln: The sum of numbers between 1 and n is = (n(n+1))/2
1+2+3+.....+n=(n(n+1))/2 {formula}
we are looking for the sum of the even numbers between 1 and n, which means:
2+4+6+.....+(n-1) n is ODD
=1*2+2*2+2*3+......+2*((n-1)/2)
=2*(1+2+3+.....+*((n-1)/2))
from the formula we obtain :
=2*(((n-1)/2)*((n-1)/2+1))/2
=((n-1)/2)*((n+1)/2) =79*80
=> (n-1)*(n+1)=158*160
=> n=159
63. A committee of 6 is chosen from 8 men and 5 women so as to contain at least 2

men and 3 women. How many different committees could be formed if two of the
men refuse to serve together?
(A) 3510
(B) 2620
(C) 1404
(D) 700
(E) 635
Soln: 4W 2M == 5C4.(8C2-1) = 5.(27) = 135

3W 3M == 5C3.(8C3-6) = 10.50 = 500
total 635
Max. number of possibilities considering we can choose any man 8c2 * 5C4 + 8C3*5c3
= 700.
consider it this way.... from my previous reply max possible ways considering we can
chose any man = 700
now we know that 2 man could not be together... now think opposite... how many ways
are possible to have these two man always chosen together...
since they are always chosen together...
For chosing 2 men and 4 women for the committee there is only 1 way of chosing 2 men
for the committee since we know only two specific have to be chosen and there are 5C4
ways of choosing women
1*5C4 = 5
For choosing 3 men and 3 women for the committee there are exactly 6C1 ways choosing
3 men for the committee since we know two specific have to be chosen so from the
remaining 6 men we have to chose 1 and there are 5C4 ways of choosing women
6C1*5C3 = 60
So total number of unfavorable cases = 5 + 60 = 65
Now since we want to exclude these 65 cases... final answer is 700-65 = 635
64. In how many ways can the letters of the word 'MISSISIPPI' be arranged?
a) 1260
b) 12000
c) 12600
d) 14800
e) 26800
Soln: Total # of alphabets = 10

so ways to arrange them = 10!
Then there will be duplicates because 1st S is no different than 2nd S.

we have 4 Is
3S
and 2 Ps
Hence # of arrangements = 10!/4!*3!*2!
65. Goldenrod and No Hope are in a horse race with 6 contestants. How many
different arrangements of finishes are there if No Hope always finishes before
Goldenrod and if all of the horses finish the race?
(A) 720
(B) 360
(C) 120
(D) 24
(E) 21
Soln: two horses A and B, in a race of 6 horses... A has to finish before B
if A finishes 1... B could be in any of other 5 positions in 5 ways and other horses finish
in 4! Ways, so total ways 5*4!
if A finishes 2... B could be in any of the last 4 positions in 4 ways. But the other
positions could be filled in 4! ways, so the total ways 4*4!
if A finishes 3rd... B could be in any of last 3 positions in 3 ways, but the other positions
could be filled in 4! ways, so total ways 3*4!
if A finishes 4th... B could be in any of last 2 positions in 2 ways, but the other positions
could be filled in 4! ways, so total ways... 2 * 4!
if A finishes 5th .. B has to be 6th and the top 4 positions could be filled in 4! ways..
A cannot finish 6th, since he has to be ahead of B
therefore total number of ways
5*4! + 4*4! + 3*4! + 2*4! + 4! = 120 + 96 + 72 + 48 + 24 = 360
66. On how many ways can the letters of the word "COMPUTER"
be arranged?
1. M must always occur at the third place
2. Vowels occupy the even positions.
Soln: For 1.
7*6*1*5*4*3*2*1=5,040
For 2.) I think It should be 4 * 720

in 5*3*4*2*3*1*2*1 It is assumed that Last even place is NOT filled by a vowel. There
can be total 4 ways to do that.
Hence 4 * 720
67. A shipment of 10 TV sets includes 3 that are defective. In how many ways can a
hotel purchase 4 of these sets and receive at least two of the defective sets?
Soln: There are 10 TV sets; we have to choose 4 at a time. So we can do that by 10C4
ways. We have 7 good TV’s and 3 defective.
Now we have to choose 4 TV sets with at least 2 defective. We can do that by
2 defective 2 good
3 defective 1 good
That stands to 3C2*7C2 + 3C3*7C1 (shows the count)
If they had asked probability for the same question then
3C2*7C2 + 3C3*7C1 / 10C4.
68. A group of 8 friends want to play doubles tennis. How many different ways can
the group be divided into 4 teams of 2 people?
A. 420
B. 2520
C. 168
D. 90
E. 105
Soln: 1st team could be any of 2 guys... there would be 4 teams (a team of A&B is same
as a team of B&A)... possible ways 8C2 / 4.
2nd team could be any of remaining 6 guys. There would be 3 teams (a team of A&B is
same as a team of B&A)... possible ways 6C2 / 3
3rd team could be any of remaining 2 guys... there would be 2 teams (a team of A&B is
same as a team of B&A). Possible ways 4C2 / 2
4th team could be any of remaining 2 guys... there would be 1 such teams... possible
ways 2C2 / 1
total number of ways...
8C2*6C2*4C2*2C2
-------------------
4*3*2*1
=
8*7*6*5*4*3*2*1
--------------------
4*3*2*1*2*2*2*2
= 105 (ANSWER)...
Another method: say you have 8 people ABCDEFGH

now u can pair A with 7 others in 7 ways.
Remaining now 6 players.
Pick one and u can pair him with the remaining 5 in 5 ways.
Now you have 4 players.

Pick one and u can pair him with the remaining in 3 ways.
Now you have 2 players left. You can pair them in 1 way
so total ways is 7*5*3*1 = 105 ways i.e. E
69. In how many ways can 5 people sit around a circular table if one should not have
the same neighbors in any two arrangements?
Soln: The ways of arranging 5 people in a circle = (5-1)! = 4!
For a person seated with 2 neighbors, the number of ways of that happening is 2:
AXB or BXA, where X is the person in question.
So, for each person, we have two such arrangements in 4!. Since we don't want to repeat
arrangement, we divide 4!/2 to get 12
70. There are 4 copies of 5 different books. In how many ways can they be arranged
on a shelf?
A) 20!/4!
B) 20!/5(4!)
C) 20!/(4!)^5
D) 20!
E) 5!
Soln: 4 copies each of 5 types.
Total = 20 books.
Total ways to arrange = 20!
Taking out repeat combos = 20!/(4! * 4! * 4! * 4! * 4!) – each book will have 4 copies
that are duplicate. So we have to divide 20! By the repeated copies.
71. In how many ways can 5 rings be worn on the four fingers of the right hand?
Soln: 5 rings, 4 fingers
1st ring can be worn on any of the 4 fingers => 4 possibilities
2nd ring can be worn on any of the 4 fingers => 4 possibilities
3rd ring can be worn on any of the 4 fingers => 4 possibilities
Total possibilities = 4*4*4*4*4 = 4^5.
72. If both 5^2 and 3^3 are factors of n x (2^5) x (6^2) x (7^3), what is the smallest
possible positive value of n?
Soln: Write down n x (2^5) x (6^2) x (7^3) as

= n x (2^5) x (3^2) x (2^2) x (7^3),
= n x (2^7) x (3^2) x (7^3)
now at a minimum 5^2 and a 3 is missing from this to make it completely divisible by
5^2 x 3^3
Hence answer = 5^2 x 3 = 75
73. Obtain the sum of all positive integers up to 1000, which are divisible by 5 and
not divisible by 2.
(1) 10050 (2) 5050

(3) 5000 (4) 50000
Soln: Consider 5 15 25 ... 995

l = a + (n-1)*d
l = 995 = last term

a = 5 = first term
d = 10 = difference
995 = 5 + (n-1)*10
thus n = 100 = # of terms
consider 5 10 15 20.... 995
995 = 5 + (n-1)*5
=> n = 199
Another approach...
Just add up 995 + 985 + 975 + 965 + 955 + 945 = 5820, so it has to be greater than 5050,
and the only possible choices left are 1) & 4)
Also, series is 5 15 25.... 985 995

# of terms = 100
sum = (100/2)*(2*5 + (100-1)*10) = 50*1000 = 50000
74. If the probability of rain on any given day in city x is 50% what is the
probability it with rain on exactly 3 days in a five day period?
8/125
2/25
5/16
8/25
3/4
Soln: Use binomial theorem to solve the problem....
p = 1/2
q = 1/2
# of favorable cases = 3 = r
# of unfavorable cases = 5-3 = 2
total cases = 5 = n
P(probability of r out of n) = nCr*p^r*q^(n-r)
A. 1/336
B. 1/120
C. 1/56
D. 1/720
E. 1/1440
The probability of an event A occurring is the number of outcomes that result in A divided by the
total number of possible outcomes.
There is only one result that results in a win: receiving three aces.
Since the order of arrangement does not matter, the number of possible ways to receive 3 cards is
a combination problem.
C(n,r) = n!/(r!(n-r)!)
C(8,3) = 8!/(3!(8-3)!)
C(8,3) = 8!/(3!(5!))
C(8,3) = 40320/(6(120))
C(8,3) = 40320/720
C(8,3) = 56
The number of possible outcomes is 56.
Thus, the probability of being dealt 3 aces is 1/56.
A. 1/336
B. 1/120
C. 1/56
D. 1/720
E. 1/1440
Soln: Since each draw doesn't replace the cards:

Prob. of getting an ace in the first draw = 3/8
getting in the second, after first draw is ace = 2/7
getting in the third after the first two draws are aces = 1/6
thus total probability for these mutually independent events = 3/8*2/7*1/6 = 1/56
77. Find the probability that a 4 person committee chosen at random from a group
consisting of 6 men, 7 women, and 5 children contains
A) exactly 1 woman
B) at least 1 woman
C) at most 1 woman
Soln:
B.) 7C1* 11C3/ 18C4

B) 1 - (11C4/18C4)
C) (11C4/18C4) + (7C1*11C3/18C4)
78. A rental car service facility has 10 foreign cars and 15 domestic cars waiting to be
serviced on a particular Saturday morning. Because there are so few mechanics, only 6
can be serviced.
(a) If the 6 cars are chosen at random, what is the probability that 3 of the cars selected
are domestic and the other 3 are foreign?
(b) If the 6 cars are chosen at random, what is the probability that at most one domestic
car is selected?
Soln:
A) 10C3*15C3/25C6
B) Probability of no domestic car + Probability of 1 domestic car =
10C6/25C6 + 15C1 *10C5/25C6
79. How many positive integers less than 5,000 are evenly divisible by neither 15 nor 21?
A. 4,514
B. 4,475
C. 4,521
D. 4,428
E. 4,349
Soln: We first determine the number of integers less than 5,000 that are evenly divisible by 15.
This can be found by dividing 4,999 by 15:
= 4,999/15
= 333 integers
Now we will determine the number of integers evenly divisible by 21:
= 4,999/21
= 238 integers
some numbers will be evenly divisible by BOTH 15 and 21. The least common multiple of 15
and 21 is 105. This means that every number that is evenly divisible by 105 will be divisible by
BOTH 15 and 21. Now we will determine the number of integers evenly divisible by 105:
= 4,999/105
= 47 integers
Therefore the positive integers less than 5000 that are not evenly divisible by 15 or 21 are 4999-
(333+238-47)=4475
80) Find the least positive integer with four different prime factors, each greater than
2.
Soln: 3*5*7*11 = 1155
81) From the even numbers between 1 and 9, two different even numbers are to be
chosen at random. What is the probability that their sum will be 8?
Soln: Initially you have 4 even numbers (2,4,6,8)

you can get the sum of 8 in two ways => 2 + 6 or 6 + 2
so the first time you pick a number you can pick either 2 or 8 - a total of 2 choices out of
8 => 1/2
after you have picked your first number and since you have already picked 1 number you
are left with only 2 options => either (4,6,8) or (2,4,8) and you have to pick either 6 from
the first set or 2 from the second and the probability of this is 1/3. Since these two events
have to happen together we multiply them. ½ * 1/3 = 1/6
82) 5 is placed to the right of two – digit number, forming a new three – digit
number. The new number is 392 more than the original two-digit number. What
was the original two-digit number?
Soln: If the original number has x as the tens digit and y as the ones digit (x and y are
integers less than 10) then we can set up the equation:
100x + 10y + 5 = 10x + y + 392
90x + 9y = 387
9(10x+y) = 387
10x + y = 43 ==> x = 4, y = 3
the original number is 43, the new number is 435
83) If one number is chosen at random from the first 1000 positive integers, what is
the probability that the number chosen is multiple of both 2 and 8?
Soln: Any multiple of 8 is also a multiple of 2 so we need to find the multiples of 8 from
0 to 1000
the first one is 8 and the last one is 1000
==> ((1000-8)/8) + 1 = 125
==> p (picking a multiple of 2 & 8) = 125/1000 = 1/8
84) A serial set consists of N bulbs. The serial set lights up only if all the N bulbs are
in working condition. Even if one of the bulbs fails then the entire set fails. The
probability of a bulb failing is x. What is the probability of the serial set failing?
Soln: Probability of x to fail. Probability of a bulb not failing = 1-x

probability that none of the N bulbs fail, hence serial set not failing = (1-x)^N
probability of serial set failing = 1-(1-x)^N
85) Brad flips a two-sided coin 8 times. What is the probability that he gets tails on
at least 7 of the 8 flips?
1/32
1/16
1/8
7/8
none of the above
Soln: Number of ways 7 tails can turn up = 8C7

the probability of those is 1/2 each
Since the question asks for at least 7, we need to find the prob of all 8 tails - the number
of ways is 8C8 = 1
Add the two probabilities
8C7*(1/2)^8 = 8/2^8 -- for getting 7
Prob of getting 8 tails = 1/2^8
Total prob = 8/2^8+1/2^8 = 9/2^8
Ans is E.
86. A photographer will arrange 6 people of 6 different heights for photograph by

placing them in two rows of three so that each person in the first row is standing in
front of someone in the second row. The heights of the people within each row must
increase from left to right, and each person in the second row must be taller than
the person standing in front of him or her. How many such arrangements of the 6
people are possible?
B. 5
B. 6
C. 9
D. 24
E. 36
Soln: 5 ways
123 124 125 134 135

456 356 346 256 246
87. As a part of a game, four people each much secretly chose an integer between
1 and 4 inclusive. What is the approximate likelihood that all four people will
chose different numbers?
Soln: The probability that the first person will pick unique number is 1 (obviously)
then the probability for the second is 3/4 since one number is already picked by the
first, then similarly the probabilities for the 3rd and 4th are 1/2 and 1/4 respectively.
Their product 3/4*1/2*1/4 = 3/32
88. Which of the sets of numbers can be used as the lengths of the sides of a
triangle?
I. [5,7,12]
II. [2,4,10]
III. [5,7,9]
A. I only
B. III only
C. I and II only
D. I and III only
E. II and III only
Soln: For any side of a triangle. Its length must be greater than the difference
between the other two sides, but less than the sum of the other two sides.
Answer is B
89. A clothing manufacturer has determined that she can sell 100 suits a week at a
selling price of 200$ each. For each rise of 4$ in the selling price she will sell 2 less
suits a week. If she sells the suits for x$ each, how many dollars a week will she
receive from sales of the suits?
Soln: Let y be the number of $4 increases she makes, and let S be the number of suits she
sells. Then
X = 200 + 4y ==> y = x/4 - 50
S = 100 - 2y ==> S = 100 - 2[x/4 - 50] = 100 - x/2 + 100 = 200 - x/2
so the answer is that the number of suits she'll sell is 200 - x/2
90. A certain portfolio consisted of 5 stocks, priced at $20, $35, $40, $45 and $70,
respectively. On a given day, the price of one stock increased by 15%, while the
price of another decreased by 35% and the prices of the remaining three remained
constant. If the average price of a stock in the portfolio rose by approximately 2%,
which of the following could be the prices of the shares that remained constant?
A) 20, 35, 70
B) 20, 45, 70
C) 20, 35, 40
D) 35, 40, 70
E) 35, 40, 45
Soln: Add the 5 prices together:

20 + 35 + 40 + 45 + 70 = 210
2% of that is 210 x .02 = 4.20
Let x be the stock that rises and y be the stock that falls.
.15x -.35y = 4.20 ==> x = (7/3)y + 27
This tells us that the difference between x and y has to be at least 27. Since the answer
choices list the ones that DONT change, we need to look for an answer choice in which
the numbers NOT listed have a difference of at least 27.
Thus the answer is (E)

91. if -2=<x=<2 and 3<=y<=8, which of the following represents the range of all
possible values of y-x?
(A) 5<=y-x<=6
(B) 1<=y-x<=5
(C) 1<=y-x<=6
(D) 1<=y-x<=10
(E) 1<=y-x<=10
Soln: you can easily solve this by subtracting the two inequalities. To do this they
need to be in the opposite direction; when you subtract them preserve the sign of
the inequality from which you are subtracting.
3<y<8
multiply the second one by (-1) to reverse the sign
2 > x > -2
Subtract them to get
3 - 2 < y - x < 8 - (-2)
1 < y - x < 10
92. Of a group of 260 people who purchased stocks, 61 purchased A, 88

purchased B, 56 purchased C, 75 purchased D, 60 purchased E. what is the
greatest possible number of the people who purchased both B and D?
A:40 B:50 C:60 D:75 E:80
Soln: ANSWER is D (75)
since they have asked us to find out the greatest possible number buying both B as
well as D, the answer has to be the smallest no between the two which is 75...as all
the guys purchasing D can also buy B and only 75 out of 88 purchasing B can
simultaneously purchase D as well....
93. There are 30 people and 3 clubs M, S, and Z in a company. 10 people

joined M, 12 people joined S and 5 people joined Z. If the members of M did
not join any other club, at most, how many people of the company did not
join any club?
A: 4 B: 5 C: 6 D: 7 E: 8
Soln: total no of people = 30

no joining M = 10
no joining S = 12
no joining Z = 5
question asked - AT MOST how many people did not join any group?
solution: now since none of the members of M joined any other group, the no of
people left = 30-10(for M)=20
since the question says at most how many did not join any group, lets assume the all
people who join Z also join S. so no of people joining group S and Z are 12 (note
that there will be 5 people in group S who have also joined Z)
therefore no of people not joining any group = 20-12=8

Hence e
94. Find the numbers of ways in which 4 boys and 4 girls can be seated alternatively.
1) in a row
2) in a row and there is a boy named John and a girl named Susan amongst the
group who cannot be put in adjacent seats
3) around a table
A:
1) 4! * 4! * 2
2) 4! * 4! * 2 - number of ways with John and Susan sitting together
= (4! * 4! * 2) - (7 * 3! * 3! *2)
The way that JS arrangements are found is by

bracketing J and S and considering it to be a single entity. So a
possible arrangement is (B=boy, G=girl)
(JS) B G B G B G number of arrangements is 7 x 3! x 3! = 252

(SJ) G B G B G B number of arrangements is 7 x 3! x 3! = 252
3) Fix one boy and arrange the other 3 boys in 3! ways. Arrange the 4
girls in 4! ways in the gaps between the boys.
Total arrangements = 3! x 4!
= 6 x 24
= 144
95. From a group of 3 boys and 3 girls, 4 children are to be randomly selected. What
is the probability that equal numbers of boys and girls will be selected?
A. 1/10
B. 4/9
C. 1/2
D. 3/5
E. 2/3
Soln: Total number of ways of selecting 4 children = 6C4 = 15
with equal boys and girls. => 2 boys and 2 girls. => 3C2 * 3C2 = 9.
Hence p = 9/15 = 3/5
96. What is the reminder when 9^1 + 9^2 + 9^3 + ...... + 9^9 is divided by
6?
(1) 0
(2) 3
(3) 4
(4) 2
(5) None of these
Soln: Remainder of 9*odd /6 is 3

remainder of 9*even/6 is 0
9^1 + 9^2 + 9^3 + ...... + 9^9=9*(1+9+9^2+.....9^8)
1+9+9^2+.....9^8 is odd.
Thus we obtain 3 as a remainder when we divide 9*(1+9+9^2+.....9^8) by 6.
Another way: We get the value as 9*odd/6 = 3*odd/2 Since 3*odd = odd; odd/2 =
XXXX.5
so something divided by 6, gives XXXX.5, hence remainder is 6*0.5 = 3
97. Find the value of 1.1! + 2.2! + 3.3! + ......+n.n!
(1) n! +1
(2) (n+1)!
(3) (n+1)!-1
(4) (n+1)!+1
(5) None of these
Soln: 1.1! + 2.2! + 3.3! + ......+n.n!

=1.1! + (3-1)2! + (4-1)3! +......+ ((n+1)-1) n!
=1.1!+3!-2!+4!-3!+.......+(n+1)!-n!
So it is (n+1)! -1 (Answer choice 4)
98. The numbers x and y are three-digit positive integers, and x + y is a

four-digit integer. The tens digit of x equals 7 and the tens digit of y equals
5. If x < y, which of the following must be true?

A. II only
B. III only
C. I and II
D. I and III
E. II and III
Soln: x= abc
y= def
x = a7c
y= b5f
x > y and x+y = wxyz.
It can carryover one digit. False
It can be 2 or 3. False
a+b+1 >= 10
a >b so a at least 5. True.
Ans: b
99. Among 5 children there are 2 siblings. In how many ways can the children be
seated in a row so that the siblings do not sit together?
(A) 38
(B) 46
(C) 72
(D) 86
(E) 102
Soln: The total number of ways 5 of them can sit is 120
when the siblings sit together they can be counted as one entity
therefore the number of ways that they sit together is 4!=24, but since
the two siblings can sit in two different ways e.g. AB and BA we multiply 24 by 2 to get
the total number of ways in which the 5 children can sit together with the siblings sitting
together - 48
In other words 4P4*2P2
the rest is obvious 120-48=72
100. There are 70 students in Math or English or German. Exactly 40 are in Math,
30 in German, 35 in English and 15 in all three courses. How many students are
enrolled in exactly two of the courses? Math, English and German.
Soln: MuEuG = M + E + G - MnE - MnG - EnG - 2(MnEnG)

MnE + MnG + EnG = M + E + G - 2(MnEnG) - MuEuG
MnE + MnG+ EnG = 40 + 30 + 35 - 2(15) - 70 = 105 - 30 - 70 = 5
Whenever an intersection occurs between 2 sets, (MnEnG) is counted twice, therefore

you deduct one of it. If the intersection occurs between 3 sets, it is counted thrice;
therefore you deduct two of it. And so forth.
If there are four sets, then the formula is A + B + C + D -(two) -(three)*2 -
(four)*3 = total
101. John can complete a given task in 20 days. Jane will take only 12 days to
complete the same task. John and Jane set out to complete the task by beginning to
work together. However, Jane was indisposed 4 days before the work got over. In
how many days did the work get over from the time John and Jane started to work
on it together?
A- 6 B- 10 C- 8 D- 7.5 E- 3.5
Soln: Together they do 1/20+1/12=4/30 of the task.
Jane and John started the work together, but only John finished the work because Jane
gets sick. So let x be the number of days they worked together.
x*3/40+4*1/20=1
x4/30=4/5 and therefore x =6
So in total they worked 6 days on it together and John worked 4 days on it. So total days
spent=10, but if the question is asking how many time did they spend working on the
project together, then the answer is 6.
102. Jane gave Karen a 5 m head start in a 100 race and Jane was beaten by 0.25m.
In how many meters more would Jane have overtaken Karen?
Soln: Jane gave Karen a 5 m head start means Karen was 5 m ahead of Jane. So after the
lead, Karen ran 95m and Jane ran 99.75 m when the race ended.
Let speed of Karen and Jane be K and J respectively and lets say after X minutes Jane
overtakes Karen.
1st condition: 95/K = 99.75/J

2nd condition JX - KX = 0.25
Solving for JX, we get JX=21/4.
Hence Jane needs to run 5.25m more (or total of 105m) to overtake Karen.
103. Out of 20 surveyed students 8 study math and 7

study both math and physics. If 10 students do not
study either of these subjects, how many students
study physics but not math?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
Soln: total = gr1 + gr2 - both + neither
20 = 8 + P - 7 + 10
P = 9, 9 students study both P and M, 7 study both, 9-7 = 2 study only P
104. Machine A can produce 50 components a day while

machine B only 40. The monthly maintenance cost for
machine A is $1500 while that for machine B is $550. If
each component generates an income of $10 what is the
least number of days per month that the plant has to work
to justify the usage of machine A instead of machine B?
(A) 6
(B) 7
(C) 9
(D) 10
(E) 11
Soln: Let x be the number of days that need to be worked

500x - 1500 > 400x - 550
100x > 950
x > 9.5 (D)
105. Four cups of milk are to be poured into a 2-cup bottle and a 4-cup bottle. If
each bottle is to be filled to the same fraction of its capacity, how many cups of milk
should be poured into the 4-cup bottle?
A. 2/3
B. 7/3
C.5/2
D. 8/3
E. 3
Soln: x + y = 4
x=4-y
x/2 = y/4
4x = 2y
4(4-y) = 2y
16 = 6y
y = 8/3 (D)
106. If 10 persons meet at a reunion and each person shakes hands exactly once with
each of the others, what is the total number of handshakes?
(A) 10!
(B) 10*10
(C) 10*9
(D) 45
(E) 36
Soln: There are 10C2 ways to pick 2 different people out of 10 people.
10C2 = 10!/2!8! = 45 (D)
107. If operation $ is defined as

$X = X + 2 if X is even
$X = X - 1 if X is odd,
what is $(...$($($(15)))...) 99 times?
(A) 120
(B) 180
(C) 210
(D) 225
(E) 250
Soln: $15 gives 14
After that it is an AP with d=2, a=14 and n =99
108. A and B alternately toss a coin. The first one to turn up a head wins. if no more
than five tosses each are allowed for a single game.
1- Find the probability that the person who tosses first will win the game?
2- What are the odds against A's losing if she goes first?
Soln: look at the conditions; it says that the first person who tosses a head wins.
Let’s say A tosses first.

what is the probability that he wins
H + TTH + TTTTH + TTTTTTH + TTTTTTTTH
i.e. either the first toss is head,

or the first time A tosses the coin he gets a tail and B also gets a tail , n in the
second throw A gets a head.....
This continues for a max till 5 throws, because the game is for 5 throws only.
So, 1. 1/2 + (1/2)^3 + (1/2)^5 + (1/2)^7 + (1/2)^9
2. (1/2)^2 + (1/2)^4 + (1/2)^6 + (1/2)^8 + (1/2)^10
109. How many integers less than 1000 have no factors (other than 1) in common
with 1000?
(1) 400
(2) 410
(3) 411
(4) 412
(5) None of the above
Soln: 1000 - multiples of 2 and/or 5
multiples of 2 = 500 (all even #)

multiples of 5 = (995 -5)/10 + 1 [ Using AP formula]
= 100
Answer = 1000 - (500 + 100)

= 400
You cannot calculate for all multiples of 5 because you have already removed all
even integers (including 10, 20, and 30). The difference in the AP series should be
10 instead of 5 because you're looking for the integers that have 5 as a unit’s digit.
Therefore we divide by 10 and not 5.
110. Two different numbers when divided by the same divisor left
remainders of 11 and 21 respectively. When the numbers' sum was divided
by the same divisor, the remainder was 4. What was the divisor?
36, 28, 12, 9 or none
Soln: Let the divisor be a.
x = a*n + 11 ---- (1)

y = a*m + 21 ----- (2)
also given, (x+y) = a*p + 4 ------ (3)
adding the first 2 equations. (x+y) = a*(n+m) + 32 ----- (4)
equate 3 and 4.
a*p + 4 = a*(n+m) + 32
or
a*p + 4 = [a*(n+m) + 28] + 4
cancel 4 on both sides.
u will end up with.
a*p = a*(n+m) + 28.
which implies that 28 should be divisible by a. or in short a = 28 works.
Another method:
I think the easiest (not necessarily the shortest), way to solve this is to use given
answer choices. Since the remainders are given as 11 and 21, therefore the divisor
has to be greater than 21 which leaves with two choices 28 and 36. Try 28 first; let
the two numbers be 28+11= 39 and 28+21= 49. Summing them up and dividing by
28 gives (49+39=88), 88/28 remainder is 4, satisfies the given conditions. Check for
36 with same approach, does not work, answer is 28
111. There are 8 members; among them are Kelly and Ben. A committee of 4 is to be
chosen out of the 8. What is the probability that Ben is chosen to be in the
committee and Kelly is not?
Soln: let’s assume Ben has already been chosen. Then I have to choose 3 more
people from the remaining, excluding Kelly, that is, three from six people, that’s 6c3.
so the total is (1c1.6c3)/8c4 which is 2/7
112. How many 5-digit positive integers exist where no two consecutive digits are the
same?
A.) 9*9*8*7*6
B.) 9*9*8*8*8
C.) 9^5
D.) 9*8^4
E.) 10*9^4
Soln: C is correct.
The first place has 9 possibilities, since 0 is not to be counted. All others have 9 each,
since you cannot have the digit, which is same as the preceding one.
Hence 9^5
113. How many five digit numbers can be formed using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3,
4 and 5 which are divisible by 3, without repeating the digits?
(A) 15
(B) 96
(C) 216
(D) 120
(E) 180
Soln: The sum of digits of a multiple of 3 should be div by 3.

for a 5 digit number to be div by 3, the sum of digits (given the digits here) can be
only 12 or 15.
For a sum of 12, the digits that can be used : 0,1,2,4,5
for a sum of 15: 1,2,3,4,5
Number of numbers from the first set = 4.4! (0 cannot be the first digit in the
numbers)
for the second set : 5!
total = 5! +4.4! = 4!(5+4) = 24*9 = 216
Since 0 cannot be the first digit of a number, for the first position, you have 4
choices (all digits except zero). No such constraints exist for the rest of the positions;
hence the next choices are 4,3,2,1 - all multiplying up to give a 4!. Had there been
no 0 involved, the choices would've been 5! Instead of 4.4!
114. A group of 8 friends want to play doubles tennis. How many different
ways can the group be divided into 4 teams of 2 people?
A. 420
B. 2520
C. 168
D. 90
E. 105
Soln: out of 8 people one team can be formed in 8c2 ways.
8c2*6c2*4c2*2c2= 2520.
The answer is 105. Divide 2520 by 4! to remove the multiples ( for example: (A,B) is
same as ( B,A) )
115. My name is AJEET. But my son accidentally types the name by

interchanging a pair of letters in my name. What is the probability that
despite this interchange, the name remains unchanged?
a) 5%
b) 10%
c) 20%
d) 25%
Soln: there are actually 20 ways to interchange the letters, namely, the first letter
could be one of 5, and the other letter could be one of 4 left. So total pairs by
product rule = 20.
Now, there are two cases when it wouldn’t change the name. First, keeping them all
the same. Second, interchanging the two EEs together. Thus 2 options would leave
the name intact.
Prob = 2/20 = 0.1, or 10%.
116. A certain right triangle has sides of length x, y, and z, where x < y < z.
If the area of this triangular region is 1, which of the following indicates all
of the possible values of y ?
A. y > ROOT2
B. ROOT3/2 < y < ROOT2

C. ROOT2/3 < y < ROOT3/2
D. ROOT3/4 < y < ROOT2/3
E. y < ROOT3/4
Soln: right triangle with sides x<y<z and area of 1 => z = hypotenuse and xy/2 = 1
i.e xy = 2
If x were equal to y, we would have had xy = y^2 = 2. And y = root2
But, x<y and so y>root2.
cards. If two cards are randomly drawn from the deck, what is the probability that they will
both are not blue?
A. 15/28
B. 1/4
C. 9/16
D. 1/32
E. 1/16
Soln: Chance of drawing a blue on the first draw = 2/8, so chance of not drawing a blue
on the first draw is 6/8
similarly chance of not drawing blue on second draw = 5/7
Therefore probability of not drawing blue in 2 draws = 6/8*5/7 = 15/28
118. How many integers between 100 and 150, inclusive can be evenly divided by neither 3
nor 5?
Soln: Number of integers that divide 3:
the range is 100-150

Relevant to this case, we take 102 - 150 (since 102 is the first to div 3)
102 = 34*3
150= 50*3, so we have 50-34+1 = 17 multiples of 3
For multiples of 5,
100=5*20
150=5*30
30-20+1 =11
Now we have a total of 27 integers, but we double counted the ones that divide
BOTH 3 AND 5, ie 15.
105 is the first to divide 15.

105=15*7
150=15*10
10-7+1 = 4 integers
So our total is 17+11-4 = 24 integers that can be divided by either 3 or 5 or both.
51 integers - 24 integers = 27 that cannot be evenly divided.
119. Seed mixture X is 40 percent ryegrass and 60 percent bluegrass by

weight; seed mixture Y is 25 percent ryegrass and 75 percent fescue. If a
mixture of X and Y contains 30 percent ryegrass, what percent of the weight
of this mixture is X ?
(A) 10%
(B) 33 1/3%
(C) 40%
(D) 50%
(E) 66 2/3%
Soln: (x+y)30/100 = x*40/100 + y*25/100

30x + 30y = 40x + 25y
y = 2x or y/x = 2/1 or y:x = 2:1 hence x = 33 1/3%
120. Sequence A and B. a1=1, b1=k. an=b(n-1)-a(n-1) bn=b(n-1)+a(n-1). What is

a4=?
Soln: a2 = k-1 ; b2 = k+1
a3= (k+1)-(k-1) = 2 ; b3 = (k+1)+(k-1) = 2k
a4 = 2k - 2 = 2(k-1) = 2(b1-a1)
121. A person put 1000 dollars in a bank at a compound interest 6 years

ago. What percentage of the initial sum is the interest if after the first three
years the accrued interest amounted to 19% of the initial sum?
A) 38% B) 42% C) 19% D) 40%
Soln: assume, interest = r

so after 3 years total money = 1000*(1+r)^3 = 1000*1.19
(1+r)^3 = 1.19
so after 6 years total money = 1000*(1+r)^6 = 1000*1.19^2 = 1000*1.42
so percentage of interest is 42%
122. A, B and C run around a circular track of length 750m at speeds of 3 m/sec, 6 m/sec
and 18 m/sec respectively. If all three start from the same point, simultaneously and run in
the same direction, when will they meet for the first time after they start the race?
A. 750 seconds
B. 50 seconds
C. 250 seconds
D. 375 seconds
E. 75 seconds
Soln: When two people are running in the same direction the relative speed is a
difference in speeds of the two people.
In this case A=3 B=6 C=18
So relative speed of B wrt A is 6-3 = 3m/s

Relative speed of A wrt to C is 18-3 =15m/s
Therefore relative distances will be:

B wrt A is 750/3 =250
C wrt to A 750/15 = 50
So they have to bridge this distance of 250 and 50 between them which is the LCM
of 250 and 50 which is 250.
Another Method: Simply put, Runner A's time take to run one lap is 250
Runner B's time is 125s
and Runner C's time is 41.67s
We can notice that A=2B

and thet B=3C
So when 250 s elapse, they will be at their starting point. A will have completed one
lap, B 2 laps, and C 6 laps
123. X percents of the rooms are suits, Y percent of the rooms are painted
light blue. Which of the following best represents the least percentage of
the light blue painted suits?
1) X-Y
2)Y-X +100
3)100X-Y
4)X+Y-100
e)100-XY
Soln: Equation from set theory:
n(AUB)=n(A)+n(B)-n(A^B)
where,
A= % of rooms which are suites

B= % of rooms painted blue
A^B means the intersection of the two sets
Now in this case, what we need to find is n(A^B), therefore
n(A^B)=n(A)+n(B)-n(AUB)
= X + Y - n(AUB)
Now this would be least when n(AUB) is maximum, which would happen if these two
kinds of rooms are only two kinds available, making n(AUB)=100
Therefore the answer should be X+Y-100
Combinatory and probability
1. In a workshop there are 4 kinds of beds, 3 kinds of closets, 2 kinds of shelves and 7
kinds of chairs. In how many ways can a person decorate his room if he wants to buy in
the workshop one shelf, one bed and one of the following: a chair or a closet?
a) 168.
b) 16.
c) 80.
d) 48.
e) 56.
2. In a workshop there are 4 kinds of beds, 3 kinds of closets, 2 kinds of shelves and 7
kinds of chairs. In how many ways can a person decorate his room if he wants to buy in
the workshop one shelf, one bed and one of the following: a chair or a closet?
a) 168.
b) 16.
c) 80.
d) 48.
e) 56.
3. Three people are to be seated on a bench. How many different sitting arrangements are
possible if Erik must sit next to Joe?
a) 2.
b) 4.
c) 6.
d) 8.
e) 10.
4. How many 3-digit numbers satisfy the following conditions: The first digit is different
from zero and the other digits are all different from each other?
a) 648.
b) 504.
c) 576.
d) 810.
e) 672.
5. Barbara has 8 shirts and 9 pants. How many clothing combinations does Barbara have,
if she doesn’t wear 2 specific shirts with 3 specific pants?
a) 41.
b) 66.
c) 36.
d) 70.
e) 56.
6. A credit card number has 5 digits (between 1 to 9). The first two digits are 12 in that
order, the third digit is bigger than 6, the forth is divisible by 3 and the fifth digit is 3
times the sixth. How many different credit card numbers exist?
a) 27.
b) 36.
c) 72.
d) 112.
e) 422.
7. In jar A there are 3 white balls and 2 green ones, in jar B there is one white ball and
three green ones. A jar is randomly picked, what is the probability of picking up a white
ball out of jar A?
a) 2/5.
b) 3/5.
c) 3/10.
d) 3/4
e) 2/3.
8. Out of a box that contains 4 black and 6 white mice, three are randomly chosen. What
is the probability that all three will be black?
a) 8/125.
b) 1/30.
c) 2/5.
d) 1/720.
e) 3/10.
9. The probability of pulling a black ball out of a glass jar is 1/X. The probability of
pulling a black ball out of a glass jar and breaking the jar is 1/Y. What is the probability
of breaking the jar?
a) 1/(XY).
b) X/Y.
c) Y/X.
d) 1/(X+Y).
e) 1/(X-Y).
10. Danny, Doris and Dolly flipped a coin 5 times and each time the coin landed on
“heads”. Dolly bet that on the sixth time the coin will land on “tails”, what is the
probability that she’s right?
a) 1.
b) ½.
c) ¾.
d) ¼.
e) 1/3.
11. In a deck of cards there are 52 cards numbered from 1 to 13. There are 4 cards of each
number in the deck. If you insert 12 more cards with the number 10 on them and you
shuffle the deck really good, what is the probability to pull out a card with a number 10
on it?
a) 1/4.
b) 4/17.
c) 5/29.
d) 4/13.
e) 1/3.
12. There are 18 balls in a jar. You take out 3 blue balls without putting them back inside,
and now the probability of pulling out a blue ball is 1/5. How many blue balls were there
in the beginning?
a) 9.
b) 8.
c) 7.
d) 12.
e) 6.
13. In a box there are A green balls, 3A + 6 red balls and 2 yellow ones.
If there are no other colors, what is the probability of taking out a green or a yellow ball?
a) 1/5.
b) 1/2.
c) 1/3.
d) 1/4.
e) 2/3.
14. The probability of Sam passing the exam is 1/4. The probability of Sam passing the
exam and Michael passing the driving test is 1/6.
What is the probability of Michael passing his driving test?
a) 1/24.
b) 1/2.
c) 1/3.
d) 2/3.
e) 2/5
15. In a blue jar there are red, white and green balls. The probability of drawing a red ball
is 1/5. The probability of drawing a red ball, returning it, and then drawing a white ball is
1/10. What is the probability of drawing a white ball?
a) 1/5.
b) ½.
c) 1/3.
d) 3/10.
e) ¼.
16. Out of a classroom of 6 boys and 4 girls the teacher picks a president for the student
board, a vice president and a secretary. What is the probability that only girls will be
elected?
a) 8/125.
b) 2/5.
c) 1/30.
d) 1/720.
e) 13/48.
17. Two dice are rolled. What is the probability the sum will be greater than 10?
a) 1/9.
b) 1/12.
c) 5/36.
d) 1/6.
e) 1/5.
18. The probability of having a girl is identical to the probability of having a boy. In a
family with three children, what is the probability that all the children are of the same
gender?
a) 1/8.
b) 1/6.
c) 1/3.
d) 1/5.
e) ¼.
19. On one side of a coin there is the number 0 and on the other side the number 1. What
is the probability that the sum of three coin tosses will be 2?
a) 1/8.
b) ½.
c) 1/5.
d) 3/8.
e) 1/3.
20. In a flower shop, there are 5 different types of flowers. Two of the flowers are blue,
two are red and one is yellow. In how many different combinations of different colors can
a 3-flower garland be made?
a) 4.
b) 20.
c) 3.
d) 5.
e) 6.
21. In a jar there are balls in different colors: blue, red, green and yellow.
The probability of drawing a blue ball is 1/8.
The probability of drawing a red ball is 1/5.
The probability of drawing a green ball is 1/10.
If a jar cannot contain more than 50 balls, how many yellow balls are in the Jar?
a) 23.
b) 20.
c) 24.
d) 17.
e) 25.
22. In a jar there are 3 red balls and 2 blue balls. What is the probability of drawing
at least one red ball when drawing two consecutive balls randomly?
a) 9/10
b) 16/20
c) 2/5
d) 3/5
e) ½
23. In Rwanda, the chance for rain on any given day is 50%. What is the probability that
it rains on 4 out of 7 consecutive days in Rwanda?
a) 4/7
b) 3/7
c) 35/128
d) 4/28
e) 28/135
24. A Four digit safe code does not contain the digits 1 and 4 at all. What is the
probability that it has at least one even digit?
a) ¼
b) ½
c) ¾
d) 15/16
e) 1/16
25. John wrote a phone number on a note that was later lost. John can remember that the
number had 7 digits, the digit 1 appeared in the last three places and 0 did not appear at
all. What is the probability that the phone number contains at least two prime digits?
a) 15/16
b) 11/16
c) 11/12
d) ½
e) 5/8
26. What is the probability for a family with three children to have a boy and two girls
(assuming the probability of having a boy or a girl is equal)?
a) 1/8
b) ¼
c) ½
d) 3/8
e) 5/8
27. In how many ways can you sit 8 people on a bench if 3 of them must sit together?
a) 720
b) 2,160
c) 2,400
d) 4,320
e) 40,320
28. In how many ways can you sit 7 people on a bench if Suzan won’t sit on the middle
seat or on either end?
a) 720
b) 1,720
c) 2,880
d) 5,040
e) 10,080
29. In a jar there are 15 white balls, 25 red balls, 10 blue balls and 20 green balls. How
many balls must be taken out in order to make sure we took out 8 of the same color?
a) 8
b) 23
c) 29
d) 32
e) 53
30. In a jar there are 21 white balls, 24 green balls and 32 blue balls. How many balls
must be taken out in order to make sure we have 23 balls of the same color?
a) 23
b) 46
c) 57
d) 66
e) 67
31. What is the probability of getting a sum of 12 when rolling 3 dice simultaneously?
a) 10/216
b) 12/216
c) 21/216
d) 23/216
e) 25/216
32. How many diagonals does a polygon with 21 sides have, if one of its vertices does
not connect to any diagonal?
a) 21
b) 170
c) 340
d) 357
e) 420
33. How many diagonals does a polygon with 18 sides have if three of its vertices do not
send any diagonal? Use the formula: number of diagonals: n (n-3)/2 where n is the
number of sides. Each vertex sends of n-3 diagonals.
a) 90
b) 126
c) 210
d) 264
e) 306
34. What is the probability of getting a sum of 8 or 14 when rolling 3 dice

simultaneously? Use the formula: number of diagonals: n (n-3)/2 where n is the number
of sides. Each vertex sends of n-3 diagonals.
a) 1/6
b) ¼
c) ½
d) 21/216
e) 32/216
35. The telephone company wants to add an area code composed of 2 letters to every
phone number. In order to do so, the company chose a special sign language containing
124 different signs. If the company used 122 of the signs fully and two remained unused,
how many additional area codes can be created if the company uses all 124 signs?
a) 246
b) 248
c) 492
d) 15,128
e) 30,256
36. How many 8-letter words can be created using computer language (0/1 only)?
a) 16
b) 64
c) 128
d) 256
e) 512
37. How many 5 digit numbers can be created if the following terms apply: the leftmost
digit is even, the second is odd, the third is a non even prime and the fourth and fifth are
two random digits not used before in the number?
a) 2520
b) 3150
c) 3360
d) 6000
e) 7500
38. A drawer holds 4 red hats and 4 blue hats. What is the probability of getting
exactly three red hats or exactly three blue hats when taking out 4 hats randomly
out of the drawer and returning each hat before taking out the next one? (Tricky)
a) 1/8
b) ¼
c) ½
d) 3/8
e) 7/12
39. Ruth wants to choose 4 books to take with her on a camping trip. If Ruth has a total of
11 books to choose from, how many different book quartets are possible?
a) 28
b) 44
c) 110
d) 210
e) 330
40. A computer game has five difficulty levels. In each level you can choose among four
different scenarios except for the first level, where you can choose among three scenarios
only. How many different games are possible?
a) 18
b) 19
c) 20
d) 21
e) None of the above
41. How many four-digit numbers that do not contain the digits 3 or 6 are there?
a) 2401
b) 3584
c) 4096
d) 5040
e) 7200
42. How many five-digit numbers are there, if the two leftmost digits are even, the other
digits are odd and the digit 4 cannot appear more than once in the number?
a) 1875
b) 2000
c) 2375
d) 2500
e) 3875
43. In a department store prize box, 40% of the notes give the winner a dreamy vacation;
the other notes are blank. What is the approximate probability that 3 out of 5 people that
draw the notes one after the other, and immediately return their note into the box get a
dreamy vacation?
a) 0.12
b) 0.23
c) 0.35
d) 0.45
e) 0.65
44.The probability of having a girl is identical to the probability of having a boy. In a

family with three children, what is the probability that all the children are of the same
gender?
a) 1/8.
b) 1/6.
c) 1/3.
d) 1/5.
e) E) ¼
45. A buyer buys 3 different items out of the newly introduced 10 different items. If two
items were to be selected at random, what is the probability that the buyer does not have
both the chosen items?
46. A community of 3 people is to be selected from 5 married couples, such that the
community does not include two people who are married to each other. How many such
communities are possible?
47. There are three secretaries who work for four departments. If each of the four
departments has one report to be typed out, and the reports are randomly assigned to a
secretary, what is the probability that all three secretaries are assigned at least one report?
48. Jerome wrote each of the integers 1 through 20, inclusive, on a separate index card.
He placed the cards in a box, and then drew cards one at a time randomly from the box,
without returning the cards he had already drawn to the box. In order to ensure that the
sum of all cards he drew was even, how many cards did Jerome have to draw?
49. From (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), one number is picked out and replaced and one number is
picked out again. If the sum of the 2 numbers is 8, what is the probability that the 2
numbers included the number 5?
50. Each participant in a certain study was assigned a sequence of 3 different letters from
the set {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H}. If no sequence was assigned to more than one
participant and if 36 of the possible sequences were not assigned, what was the number of
participants in the study? (Note, for example, that the sequence A, B, C is different from
the sequence C, B, A.)
51. In how many ways can 11 # signs and 8* signs be arranged in a row so that no two *
signs come together?
52. A bag of 10 marbles contains 3 red marbles and 7 blue marbles. If two marbles
are selected at random, what is the probability that at least one marble is blue?
A. 21/50
B. 3/13
C. 47/50
D. 14/15
E. 1/5
cards. If two cards are randomly drawn from the deck, what is the probability that they
will both are not blue?
A. 15/28
B. 1/4
C. 9/16
D. 1/32
E. 1/16
54. There are 5 red marbles, 3 blue marbles, and 2 green marbles. If a user chooses two
marbles, what is the probability that the two marbles will be a different color?
55. A bag contains six marbles: two red, two blue, and two green. If two marbles are
drawn at random, what is the probability that they are the same color?
Explanations:
1. The best answer is C.

You must multiply your options to every item. (2 shelves) x (4 beds) x (3 closets + 7
chairs) = 80 possibilities.
You must multiply your options to every item. (2 shelves) x (4 beds) x (3 closets + 7
chairs) = 80 possibilities.
3. The best answer is B.

Treat the two who must sit together as one person. You have two possible sitting
arrangements. Then remember that the two that sit together can switch places. So you
have two times two arrangements and a total of four.

For the first digit you have 9 options (from 1 to 9 with out 0), for the second number you
have 9 options as well (0 to 9 minus the first digit that was already used) and for the third
digit you have 8 options left.
So the number of possibilities is 9 x 9 x 8 = 648.
5. The best answer is D.

There are (8 x 9) 72 possibilities of shirts + pants. (2 x 3) 6 Of the combinations are not
allowed. Therefore, only (72 – 6) 66 combinations are possible.
6. The best answer is A.

First digit is 1, the second is 2, the third can be (7,8,9), the forth can be (3,6,9), the fifth
and the sixth are dependent with one another. The fifth one is 3 times bigger than the
sixth one, therefore there are only 3 options there: (1,3), (2,6), (3,9).
All together there are: 1 x 1 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 27 options.

The probability of picking the first jar is ½, the probability of picking up a white ball out
of jar A
Is 3/(3+2) = 3/5. The probability of both events is 1/2 x 3/5 = 3/10.

The probability for the first one to be black is: 4/(4+6) = 2/5.
The probability for the second one to be black is: 3/(3+6) = 1/3.
The probability for the third one to be black is: 2/(2+6) = 1/4.
The probability for all three events is (2/5) x (1/3) x (1/4) = 1/30.

Let Z be the probability of breaking the jar, therefore the probability of both events
happening is Z x (1/X) = (1/Y). Z = X/Y.

The probability of the coin is independent on its previous outcomes and therefore the
probability for “head” or “tail” is always ½.

The total number of cards in the new deck is 12 +52 = 64.
There are (4 + 12 = 16) cards with the number 10.
The probability of drawing a 10 numbered card is 16/64 = 1/4.
12. The best answer is E.

After taking out 3 balls there are 15 left. 15/5 = 3 blue balls is the number of left after we
took out 3 therefore there were 6 in the beginning.

The number of green and yellow balls in the box is A+2.
The total number of balls is 4A +8.
The probability of taking out a green or a yellow ball is (A+2)/(4A+8)=1/4.

Indicate A as the probability of Michael passing the driving test.
The probability of Sam passing the test is 1/4, the probability of both events happening
together is 1/6 so: 1/4 x A = 1/6 therefore A = 2/3.

Indicate A as the probability of drawing a white ball from the jar.
The probability of drawing a red ball is 1/5.
The probability of drawing both events is 1/10 so, 1/5 x A = 1/10.
Therefore A = ½.

The basic principle of this question is that one person can’t be elected to more than one
part, therefore when picking a person for a job the “inventory” of remaining people is
growing smaller.
The probability of picking a girl for the first job is 4/10 = 2/5.
The probability of picking a girl for the second job is (4-1)/(10-1) = 3/9.
The probability of picking a girl for the third job is (3-1)/(9-1) = 1/4.
The probability of all three events happening is: 2/5 x 3/9 x ¼ = 1/30.

When rolling two dice, there are 36 possible pairs of results (6 x 6).
A sum greater than 10 can only be achieved with the following combinations: (6,6), (5,6),
(6,5).
Therefore the probability is 3/36 = 1/12.

The gender of the first-born is insignificant since we want all children to be of the
same gender no matter if they are all boys or girls.
The probability for the second child to be of the same gender as the first is: ½. The same
probability goes for the third child. Therefore the answer is ½ x ½ = ¼.

The coin is tossed three times therefore there are 8 possible outcomes
(2 x 2 x 2). We are interested only in the three following outcomes:
(0,1,1), (1,0,1), (1,1,0).
The probability requested is 3/8.

We want to make a 3-flower garlands, each should have three colors of flowers in it.
There are two different types of blue and two different types of red.
The options are (2 blue) x (2 red) x (1 yellow) = 4 options.

If 1/8 is the probability of drawing a blue ball then there are 40/8 = 5 blue balls in the jar.
And with the same principle there are 8 red balls and 4 green ones. 40 – 5 – 8 – 4 = 23
balls (yellow is the only color left).

Since we want to draw at least one red ball we have four different possibilities:
1. Drawing blue-blue.
2. Drawing blue-red.
3. Drawing red-blue.
4. Drawing red-red.
There are two ways to solve this question:
One minus the probability of getting no red ball (blue-blue):
1-2/5 x ¼ = 1-2/20 = 18/20 = 9/10/
Or summing up all three good options:
Red-blue --> 3/5 x 2/4 = 6/20.
Blue-red --> 2/5 x ¾ = 6/20.
Red-red --> 3/5 x 2/4 = 6/20.
Together = 18/20 = 9/10.

We have 7!/(4!*3!) = 35 different possibilities for 4 days of rain out of 7 consecutive
days (choosing 4 out of seven). Every one of these 35 possibilities has the following
probability: every day has the chance of ½ to rain so we have 4 days of ½ that it will rain
and 3 days of ½ that it will not rain. We have ½ to the power of 7 = 1/128 as the
probability of every single event. The total is 35 x 1/128 = 35/128.

For every digit we can choose out of 8 digits (10 total minus 1 and 4). There are four
different options:
5. No even digits
6. One even digit.
7. Two even digits.
8. Three even digits.
9. Four even digits.
The probability of choosing an odd (or an even) digit is ½.
One minus the option of no even digits: 1- (1/2)4= 15/16.
You can also sum up all of the other options (2-5).

Since 1 appears exactly three times, we can solve for the other four digits only. For every
digit we can choose out of 8 digits only (without 1 and 0). Since we have 4 prime digits
(2, 3, 5, 7) and 4 non-prime digits (4, 6, 8, 9), the probability of choosing a prime digit is
½.
We need at least two prime digits:
One minus (the probability of having no prime digits + having one prime digit):
There are 4 options of one prime digit, each with a probability of (1/2)4.
There is only one option of no prime digit with a probability of (1/2)4.
So: [1- ((1/2)4+(1/2)4*4)] = 11/16.

There are three different arrangements of a boy and two girls:(boy, girl, girl), (girl, boy,
girl), (girl, girl, boy). Each has a probability of (1/2)3. The total is 3*(1/2)3=3/8.

Treat the three that sit together as one person for the time being. Now, you have only 6
people (5 and the three that act as one) on 6 places: 6!=720. Now, you have to remember
that the three that sit together can also change places among themselves: 3! = 6. So, The
total number of possibilities is 6!*3!= 4320.

First, check Suzan: she has 4 seats left (7 minus the one in the middle and the two ends),
After Suzan sits down, the rest still have 6 places for 6 people or 6! Options to sit. The
total is Suzan and the rest: 4*6! = 2880.

The worst case is that we take out seven balls of each color and still do not have 8 of the
same color. The next ball we take out will become the eighth ball of some color and our
mission is accomplished.
Since we have 4 different colors: 4*7(of each) +1=29 balls total.
Of course you could take out 8 of the same color immediately, however we need to make
sure it happens, and we need to consider the worst-case scenario.

The worst case would be to take out 21 white balls, 22 green and 22 blue balls and still
not having 23 of the same color. Take one more ball out and you get 23 of either the
green or the blue balls. Notice that you cannot get 23 white balls since there are only 21,
however, you must consider them since they might be taken out also.
The total is: 21+22+22+1= 66.

Start checking from the smaller or bigger numbers on the dice. We will check from
bigger numbers working downwards: start with 6, it has the following options:
(6,5,1), (6,4,2), (6,3,3). Now pass on to 5: (5,5,2), (5,4,3). Now 4: (4,4,4). And that’s it,
these are all number combinations that are possible, if you go on to 3, you will notice
that you need to use 4, 5 or 6, that you have already considered (the same goes for 2
and 1). Now analyze every option: 6,5,1 has 6 options (6,5,1), (6,1,5), (5,1,6), (5,6,1),
(1,6,5), (1,5,6). So do (6,4,2) and (5,4,3). Options (6,3,3) and (5,5,2) have 3 options
each: (5,5,2), (5,2,5) and (2,5,5). The same goes for (6,3,3). The last option (4,4,4) has
only one option. The total is 3*6+2*3+1=18+6+1 = 25 out of 216 (63) options.

We have 20 vertices linking to 17 others each: that is 17*20=340. We divide that by 2
since every diagonal connects two vertices. 340/2=170. The vertex that does not connect
to any diagonal is just not counted.
We have 15 Vertices that send diagonals to 12 each (not to itself and not to the two
adjacent vertices). 15*12=180. Divide it by 2 since any diagonal links 2 vertices = 90.
The three vertices that do not send a diagonal also do not receive any since the same
diagonal is sent and received. Thus they are not counted.

The options for a sum of 14: (6,4,4) has 3 options, (6,5,3) has 6 options, (6,6,2) has 3
options, (5,5,4) has 3 options. We have 15 options to get 14.
The options for a sum of 8: (6,1,1) has 3 options, (5,2,1) has 6 options, (4,3,1) has 6
options, (4,2,2) has 3 options, (3,3,2) has 3 options. We have 21 options to get 8.
Total: 21+15= 36/216 = 1/6.

The phone company already created 122*122 area codes, now it can create 124*124.
1242-1222=(124+122)(124-122) = 246*2 = 492 additional codes.
There are other ways to solve this question. However this way is usually the fastest.

Every letter must be chosen from 0 or 1 only. This means we have two options for every
word and 28 = 256 words total.

The first digit has 4 options (2,4,6,8 and not 0), the second has 5 options (1,3,5,7,9) the
third has 3 options (3,5,7 and not 2), the fourth has 7 options (10-3 used before) and the
fifth has 6 options (10-4 used before). The total is 4*5*3*7*6=2520.

Getting three red out of 4 that are taken out has 4 options (4!/(3!*1!)) each option has a
probability of (1/2)4 since drawing a red or blue has a 50% chance. 4*1/16= ¼ to get
three red hats. The same goes for three blue hats so ¼+¼ =1/2.

Choosing 4 out of 11 books is: 11!/(4!*7!) = 330 possibilities.
40. The best answer is .

On four levels there are 4 scenarios = 16 different games. The first level has 3 different
scenarios. The total is 19 scenarios.
The first digit has 7 possibilities (10 – 0,3 and 6). The other three digits have 8
possibilities each. 7*8*8*8= 3584.

Not considering the fact that 4 cannot appear more than once, we have a total of
4*5*5*5*5=2500. Now we deduct the possibilities where 4 does appear more than
once (in this case it can appear only twice on the two leftmost even digits). In order
to do so, we put 4 in the first and second leftmost digits. The rest of the digits are
odd: 5*5*5=125. 2500-125=2375.

The chance of winning is 0.4 and it stays that way for all people since they return their
note. The number of different options to choose 3 winners out of 5 is 5!/(3!*2!) = 10.
Each option has a chance of 0.4*0.4*0.4*0.6*0.6 = 0.02304 * 10 = 0.2304.

First child could be B or G, similarly 2nd and third could be B or G. Hence total number
of ways =2*2*2 =8.
Favorable number of ways = all B or all G (i.e. BBB or GGG)

=2
hence P(E)= Favorable number of ways/Total number of ways
=2/8
=1/4
45. Number of ways 2 can be selected without taking the three in question. : 7C2
Number of ways 2 can be selected out of 10 = 10C2
Prob. = 7C2/10C2 = 21/45 = 7/15
46. No. of ways to pick 3 individuals out of 5 couples such that a couple is included is
5C1*8C1 = 5*8 = 40 (order of choice here doesn't matter)
Total no. of ways to pick 3 folks from ten = 10C3 = 10*9*8/(3*2) = 120
Therefore ways to select 3 individuals out of 5 couples such that no couple is included =
120-40 = 80.
47. Total no of ways: 3^4

1st sec can get a report in 4c1 ways = 4
2nd sec .........................3c1 way = 3
3rd sec...........................2c1 way = 2
last can be distributed to any of the three = 3
So probability is = 4*3*2*3/ 3^4 = 8/9
48. Lets assume the worst-case scenario.
Jerome draws an odd. Then an even. This gives an odd number. Next he draws another
even. Now we have an odd again. Then he draws an even. Again the sum is odd.
So, to sum it up,
We have 10 odd and 10 evens.

If his first draw is odd, then the next 10 are even, we still have an odd sum. The tie
breaker will be the 12th card, which now has to be odd since all evens have been
exhausted. So if the first card drawn is odd, then we must DRAW 12 CARDS.
If the first is even, then the second is odd, again we have an odd number. Now we only
have 9 evens lefts, we must exhaust all of them to get an odd one. So again, 12 cards.
So the answer is 12. The 12th draw ensures an even sum.
49. It is already given that sum is 8.

So total number of events is 5 i.e. (2,6) (6,2) (3,5) (5,3) (4,4)
Events in which 5 is included 2.
So probability = 2/5.
50. Since order is important, this is a permutation problem, not a combination one
# of sequences possible = 8P3 = 336
36 unassigned => # of participants = 336-36 = 300
51. 1st we place the 11#, now there are 10 places between them and 2 on the extreme left
and extreme right of them, total places = 10 + 2 = 12
If * is placed at any of these 12 places, no 2 *'s will be together

so the number ways will be 12C8 = 12C4 = 495
52. The probability will be 1- probability that no blue marbles are selected
1- 3C2 / 10C2 = 14/15
Another method:
1 Blue - 1 Red + 1 Red - 1 blue + Both Blue = 7/10*3/9 + 3/10*7/9 + 7/10*6/9= 14/15.
Since we are not replacing the marbles, order matters and so 1 Blue- 1 Red is not the
same as 1 Red- 1 Blue.
53. 1 st card that is not blue = 6/8

2nd card that is not blue = 5/ 7
= 30/56 = 15/ 28
Another method: 1 - P(at least 1 blue card)
54. 1 -(probability of same color)
1 -(5C2/10C2 + 3C2/10C2 + 2C2/10C2)

=1 - (10+3+1)/45
= 1 - 14/45 = 31/45
55. Probability that they are the same color = 1- probability that are NOT the same color.
Probability that they are not the same color = Probability of (1R-1B + 1B-1G + 1G-1R +
1B-1R + 1G-1B + 1R-1G) = 1- 24 /30 = 1/5 (**Order of color matters)
MJJ’s
HI Guys:
Thanks for all the shout outs. The GMAT has been a long 3 months journey for me.
My big debrief is not quite ready. I'm leaving New York this afternoon and heading
back home. I will debrief in a day or two.
In the mean time, I've attached the latest MJJ's(as of October 09) with explanations.
Even though I didn't see any MJJ in my exam (I think the United States pool of
questions are different from the Indian; Just my feelings), the explanations are
excellent and give you a perspective on how to approach GMAT quant questions. I
have the entire September MJJ's to share with you, but they are on my computer
back home. I will do when I get back.
1. Is X>Y?
1). (X-Y)/X>0
2). (X^2-Y^2)/X^2>0
Stmt 1) (X-Y)/X > 0 => 1-Y/X > 0 => 1 > Y/X => We cant say nothing unless we
know the sign of X. INSUFF
Stmt 2) (X^2-Y^2)/X^2>0 => X^2 > Y^2. Still nothing can be said till we know the
relation between X and Y. INSUFF
Combining (1) and (2) actually gives us no further info. INSUFF
(E)
2. As the figure above shows, AB=BC=8, CD=2, angle B and angle C are right angle,
and
AE=ED=13. What is the area of the ABCDE?
Draw a horizontal line DP from D to AB. AP=6, DP=8. Since APD is a right angled
triangle => AD (hypotenuse) = 10.
So the height of the triangle AED = sqrt(169-25) = sqrt(144) = 12.
So area of ABCDE = Area of trapezium ABCD + triangle AED = 1/2*(8+2)*8 +
1/2*10*12 = 40 + 60 = 100
3. A plane traveled k miles in the first 96 minutes of flight time. If it completed the
remaining 300 miles of the trip in t minutes, what was its average speed, in mils per
hour, for the entire trip?
Average speed = Total Distance / Total Time = (k+300)*60/(96+t) [60 is multiplied
to convert hrs from minutes]
4. Is the positive integer x an even number?
1). If x is divided by 3, the remainder is 2
2). If x is divided by 5, the remainder is 5
Stmt 1) x=3k+2 -> 3k could be add or even. So x could be odd or even. INSUFF
Stmt 2) Doesn’t makes sense! Remainder cannot be 5!
(E)
5. What is the tens digit of positive integer x?
1). X divided by 100 has a remainder of 30
2). X divided by 100 has a remainder of 30
Stmt 1) x=100k+30 => No matter what the value of k, the tens digit will always be
3. SUFF
Stmt 2) x=100k+30 => J
(D)
6. In the xy-plane, are the points (r,s) and (u,v) equidistance from the origin?
1). r+s=1
2). u=1-r and v=1-s
Distance of points from origin = sqrt(r^2+s^2) and sqrt(u^2+v^2)
Stmt 1) r+s=1, nothing known about values of u and v. INSUFF
Stmt 2) u^2 + v^2 = 2 - 2(r+s) + (r^2 + s^2) => iff r+s=1, the distances could be
equal. Cant say. INSUFF
Combining (1) and (2) -> we get the distances equal. SUFF
(C)
7. Working independently, Tina can do a certain job in 12 hours. Working
independently, Ann can do the same job in 9 hours. If Tina works independently at
the job for 8 hours and then Ann works independently, how many hours will it take
Ann to complete the remainder of the job?
Let the job be w.
Tina’s rate = w/12
Ann’s rate = w/9
Tina works for 8 hrs so finishes (w/12)*8 th part of the work. The work left for Ann =
w – 8*w/12 = 1*w/3
Time taken by Ann to finish the job = w/3 / (w/9) = 3 hrs.
8. If m and n are positive integers, is m/n a terminal decimal?
1). 90<m<100
2). n=4
Stmt 1) terminality of decimal depends on denominator. INSUFF
Stmt 2) n=4. Any fraction with 4 as denominator will be terminal. SUFF
(B)
9. Mary has 11 more nickels than quarters. How many coins does she have if the
total value of her coins is $2.65?
Quarters = x
Nickels = x+11
x*0.25 + 0.05*(x+11) = 2.65
=> x=7 and y=18
=> total coins = 25
10. A and B are in a line to purchase tickets. How many people are in the line?
1). There are 15 people behind A and 15 people in front of B
2). There are 5 people between A and B
Stmt 1) There is no information about how many people in between A and B.
Stmt 2) No info on how many people before A and after B
Combining 1 and 2, there is nothing given about the order of A and B [who is
infront]. It could be that the when we say “15 people behind A”, B could be one of
them. So nothing unique can be said about total number of people. INSUFF
(E)
11. Working alone, a small pump takes twice as long as a large pump takes to fill an
empty tank. Working together at their respective constant rates, the pumps can fill
the tank in 6 hours. How many hours will it take the small pump to fill the tank
working alone?
Let the rate of the smaller pump be r, rate of larger pump is 2r. Combined rate =
2r+r = 3r tank/hr.
3r*6 = 1 tank full => r = 1/18 tank/hr
So small pump will fill the tank in 18 hrs.
12. What is the total number of different 5-digit numbers that contain all of the
digits 2, 3, 4, 7, and 9 and in which none of the odd digits occur next to each other?
The only possible way is to keep 3,7,9 in 1st, 3rd and 5th place. These can be
arranged in 3! ways. The remaining two places will be covered by 2 and 4. These can
be arranged in 2! Ways
Total = 3!*2! = 12 ways.
13. One integer will be selected randomly from the integers 11 to 60, inclusive.
What is the probability that the selected integer will be a perfect square or a perfect
cube?
Probablity = suitable outcomes/ total outcomes = 5/50 = 1/10
[5 ways for 16, 25, 36, 49, 27]
14. 5 people are to be seated around a circular table. Two seating arrangements are
considered different only when the positions of the people are different relative to
each other. What is the total number of different possible seating arrangements for
the group?
This seems like a straight forward circular permutation problem: (5-1)! = 4!
15. The subset of [x, y, z] is x, y, z, xy, xz, yz, xyz. How many subsets of [x, y, z,
w] contain w?
Number of subsets which contain w = Total number of subsets of [x,y,z,w] – number
of subsets of [x,y,z]
= 2^4 – 2^3 [including empty set in calculations, it will cancel out anyways] = 8
16. A three-digit code consists of digits from 0 to 9. If the first digit cannot be 0 or
1, the second digit must be 0 or 1, and the second and third digits cannot be 0 at the
same time, how many codes are possible?
First digit cannot be 0,1 so total ways of filling first digit= 8 ways
2nd digit can be any of the 0 or 1 = 2 ways
Last digit can be anything = 10 ways
Total ways = 8*2*10 = 160 ways
But here we have counted some where there are 0 on 2nd and 3rd places, we need
to subtract those combinations = 8*1*1 = 8
Total ways = 152
17. A jar contains 12 balls, including three red and nine blue; another jar contains
20 balls, including eight red and 12 blue. If one ball is selected from each of the two
bags, what is the probability that two blue balls will be selected?
Probability of getting a blue ball from the first jar = 9/12
Probability of getting a blue ball from the second jar = 12/20
Total Probability = 9/12 * 12/20 = 9/20
18. What is the remainder when positive integer x is divided by 7
1). X+1 is divisible by 7
2). X+13 is divisible by 7
Stmt 1) x+1 is divisible by 7. => x is one less than the multiple of 7, so it will have
remainder of 6. SUFF
Stmt 2) x+13 = 7k -> x = 7k-13 => 7(k-2)+14-13 = 7(k-2)+1. so the remainder
would be 1. SUFF
(D)
19. A company has assigned a distinct 3-digit code number to each of its 330
employees. Each code number was formed from the digits 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and
no digit appears more than once in any one code number. How many unassigned
code numbers are there?
Total number of codes = 8P3 = 336.
There are 330 employees, so 6 unassigned codes.
20. K=wxyz, where w, x, y, z are prime numbers. Not including 1 and K, how many
factors does K have?
Using the formula no of factors of K = p^a*q^b… = (1+b)(1+a)…. [includes K and
1]
So for K=wxyz, number of factors = 2*2*2*2 = 16
Excluding K and 1, we get 16-2 =14.
21. Each of the 30 boxes in a certain shipment weighs either 10 pounds or 20
pounds, and average (arithmetic mean) weight of the boxes in the shipment is 18
pounds. If the average weight of the boxes in the shipment is to be reduced to 14
pounds by removing some of the 20-pound boxes, how many 20-pound boxes must
be removed?
Total weight of 30 boxes = 30*18 = 540 pounds.
Let there be x 10 pound boxes and y 20 pound boxes => 10x+20y=540 and
x+y=30
10y = 240 => y=24. x=6.
Lets assume we remove ‘z’ 20 pounds boxes, new number of 20 pounds boxes = 24-
z
20*(24-z) + 60 = 14*(30-z) => 480 – 20z + 60 = 420 – 14z => 540-420 = 6z
=> 120=6z => z=20.
So we need to take out 20, 20-pound boxes.
22. At their respective rate, pump A can fill 1/2 of a tank in 3 hours, and pump B
can fill 2/3 of the tank in 6 hours. Working together, how many hours will it take A
and B to fill the tank?
A’s rate = (1/2)/3 tank/hr = 1/6 tank/hr
B’s rate = (2/3)/6 tank/hr = 2/18 = 1/9 tank/hr
Combined rates = 1/6 + 1/9 = 5/18 tank/hr
=> time taken for them to complete = 18/5 hrs.
23. The value of 1/11+1/12+1/13+...+1/20 will be
A. Less than 1/3
B. Less than 1/2
C. Greater than 1/2
D. Greater than 2/3
E. …
1/11+1/12+1/13+...+1/20 (10 terms)> 1/20+1/20+1/20…..(10 terms) [replacing
each term with 1/20]
=> 1/11+1/12+1/13+...+1/20 > 10/20
=> 1/11+1/12+1/13+...+1/20 > ½
(C)
24. Maria invested a certain amount of money at r percent compounded annual
interest rate. r=?
1). She earned an interest of $200 in the first year.
2). She earned an interest of $220 in the second year.
Formula for CI = P(1+r/100)^n [where n is the time]
Stmt 1) -> CI for 1 year = 200 = P(1+r/100). Since we P is unknown too, INSUFF
Stmt 2) -> CI for 1 year = 220 = P(1+r/100)^2. Since P is unknown. INSUFF
Combine (1) and (2), 220/200 = (1+r/100) => r can be found. SUFF
(C)
25. In the xy-plane, line L passes through point (1,p). Does L have a positive slope?
1). L passes through point (-p, 13)
2). L passes through point (0,1)
Let the equation of the line L be y=mx+c => p=m+c (since it passes through (1,p))
Stmt 1) L passes through point (-p,13) => 13=-pm+c. we get (p-13)/(1+p), could
be positive or negative, depending upon p. INSUFF
Stmt 2) L passes through point (0,1) => 1=c combining with p=m+c => m=p-1.
Still depends upon the sign of p. INSUFF
Combining them, we still get a quadratic equation for p, giving 2 values of p, one
positive other negative.
(E)
26. In a class of 120 students, 80 can speak English, 70 can speak <ST1:COUNTRY-
REGIoN w:st="on">Spain</ST1:COUNTRY-REGIoN>, 60 can speak French. If every
student in the class can speak at least one of the languages, at least how many of
students in class can speak all the three languages?
AUBUC = A + B + C – AnB – BnC – AnC + AnBnC
120 = 80 + 70 + 60 – (AnB + BnC + AnC) + AnBnC
(AnB + BnC + AnC) – 90 = AnBnC
The least value of AnBnC would be when (AnB + BnC + AnC). So least value of
AnBnC could be 0.
27. At the same time, Ken invested x dollars at compounded annual interest rate of
4%, and Marlon invested y dollars at compounded annual interest rate of 6%. x/y=?
1). At the end of the second year, Ken and Marlon earned same amount of interest.
2). At the end of the second year, Ken earns an interests of $400, and Marlon eared
an interest of $500.
CI(Ken) = x(1+4/100)^n and CI(Marlon) = y(1+6/100)^n
Stmt 1) x(1+4/100)^2 = y(1+6/100)^2 => x/y can be found. SUFF
Stmt 2) 400= x(1+4/100)^2 and 500= y(1+6/100)^n => x/y can be found . SUFF
(D)
28. A’s salary for any week is $600 plus 5% of the portion of A’s sales above $2000
for that week. B’s salary for any week is 10% of his sales for that week. For what
amount of sales in a certain week would A and B earn the same salary?
Lets say A’s sales is X => A’s salary = 600 + 0.05(X-2000)
Lets say B’s sales is Y => B’s salary = 0.1Y
We need to find what amount of total sales (X+Y) is B’s salary same as A’s.
600 + 0.05(X-2000) = 0.1Y
This question is not solvable in its current literal form.
We have discussed this question before and this was solved [other scoretopians]
assuming that the question says “A’s salary for any week is $600 plus 5% of the
portion of total sales above $2000 for that week” and “B’s salary for any week is
10% of total sales for that week”. But I never agreed to that approach unless the
"wording of" question itself is changed [and thus the assumption is discarded]. But
as the question stands, I think its incomplete.
29. Which of points (4,6) and (-5,5) is closer to the origin?
Just find the distance of the points from origin
Distance (4,6) from origin = sqrt[(4-0)^2 + (6-0)^2] = sqrt(52)
Distance (-5,5) from origin = sqrt(25+25) = sqrt(50).
(-5,5) is closer.
32. A is cycling around a track at a speed of 15 mph. B starts at the same time at a speed
of 12 mph. If A and B move at the same direction and the track is 1/2 mile long, how
many minutes after they start will A pass B if?
33. What is the tens’ digit of integer X?
1). The tens’ digit of X-9 is 1
2). The hundreds’ digit of 10X is 2
34. A fish tank is half full of water. If 10 gallons of water were added, the tank would be
7/8 full. What is the capacity of the tank?
35. The average of A, B, C, D, and E is C, and C=A+B. In terms of C, D+E=?
36. Terry receives 10z coins in addition to what she already had. She now has 5y+1 times
as many coins as she had originally. In terms of y and z, how many coins did she have
originally?
37. The price of a item decline by 67% every 6 months. At the rate, approximately how
many years will it take for the $81 item to reach $1?
38. Set A has 20 numbers and B has 40 numbers. Is the range of B greater than 45?
1). The range of A and B combined exceeds 50
2). Range of B is greater than range of A
39. Sequence 2, 7, 22,…after the first three terms, each term is three times the previous
term plus 1, a(n+1)=3an + 1. What is the sum of tens digit and tens digit of the 35 term?
Is the integer N odd?

(1) N is divisible by 3
(2)2N is divisible by twice as many positive integer as N.
OA:B
For Condition A, both 6 and 9 are divisible by 3. But, 6 is even and 9 is odd. hence
not A
Now to check condition B, let’s pick an odd number. Lets say, N=3, the only numbers
that are divisible evenly by 3 are 1 and 3 (total of 2)
2N=6 and the only numbers that are divisible evenly by 6 are 1,2,3, 6 (total 4)
Lets pick another odd number….say N=11, only numbers that are divisible evenly by 11
are 11 and 1 (total of 2)
2N= 22 and only numbers divisible evenly by 22 are 1,2,11 and 22 (total of 4)
Lest pick another odd number, If N=15, only numbers that are divisible evenly by 15 are
1,3, 5, 15 (total of 4 numbers)
2N=30, only numbers that are divisible evenly by 30 are 1,2,3,5,6,10,15,30 (total of 8
numbers).
That is it . Just stop here. Condition B is satisfied for all odd numbers that you have
checked so far and therefore answer is B.
If digit h is the hundredths' digit in the decimal d=0.2h6, what is the value of d,
rounded to the nearest tenth?
1)d<1/4
2)h<5
Vote D
I: If d < 0.25, then h < 5. Suff

You can't round 0.246 to 0.3. What kind of rounding is that?
0.246 = 0.2 to the nearest tenth.
Note the word nearest. Is the number 46 nearer to 100 or to 0?
II: Suff
If y is greater than 110% of x, is y greater than 75?
1. x > 75
2. y-x=10
The set S has following properties:

(a)If x in in S, then 1/x is also in S
(b) If both x and y are in S, so is (x+y)
Is 3 in S ?
(1) 1/3 is in S
(2) 1 is in S
If p is a prime number greater than 2, what is the value of p?
(1) There are a total of 100 prime numbers between 1 and p+1
(2) There are a total of p prime numbers between 1 and 3,912
Could anyone suggest the best way to solve this problem?
Does the integer K have a factor P such that 1< P< K?
1) K> 4!
2) 13!+2<=K<=13!+13
What is the value of x?
1) x2 = 4x
2) x is an even integer.
Is XY<0 ?
1) 1/y > 1/x

2) x>0
Is the number x between 0.2 and 0.7?
(1) 560x < 280

(2) 700x > 280
If the units digit of the three-digit positive integer k is nonzero, what is the tens digit
of k?
(1) The tens digit of k + 9 is 3.
(2) The tens digit of k + 4 is 2.
What is the value of X ?

............___
1. x = \/16
2. x^2 = 16
What is the remainder when the positive integer n is divided by 2?

(1) When n is divided by 5, the remainder is an odd integer.
(2) When n is divided by 10, the remainder is an odd integer.
x, 3, 1, 12, 8
If x is an integer, is the median of the 5 numbers shown greater than the average
(arithmetic mean) of the 5 numbers?
1) x > 6
2) x is greater than the median of the 5 numbers
what is the remainder when postive integer x is divided by 6?
1) when x is divided by 2, the remainder is 1, and x is divided by 3, the remainder is

0.
2) when x is divided by 12, the remainder is 3.
The numbers 'x' and 'y' are not integers. The value of 'x' is closest to which integer?
1) 4 is the integer that is closest to x+y

2) 1 is the integer that is closest to x-y.
) x+y ~4 -> insuff. We know nothing about x it self.

2) x-y ~1 -> insuff. Same reason.
Combining:
Let's pick x+y=4.4 and x-y =1.4 ==> x=2.9 the closest integer is 3.
Now pick x+y=3.6 and x-y=0.6 ==> x=2.1 the closest integer is 2.
So C is out, it is E.
Is N an integer
1. n^2 is an integer
2. sq root n is an integer.
Data sufficiency
x is an int, is (x^2+1)(x+5) even number?
options
x is odd number
Each prime factor of x^2 is > 7 (this one not able to resolve)
X>0 ?
1). x^3>x^2
2). x^4>x^3 A

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Difficult Problems from the Math Section

therefore sum to first n numbers of Arithmetic progression would be

= n/2(2*2+(n-1)*2)=n(n+1) and this is equal to 79*80

therefore n=79 which is odd...

4. In a basketball contest, players must make 10 free throws. Assuming a player

(E) Cannot be determined

Therefore the correct answer is D (C = 9)

Ans: race 1 :- ta = tb-6 ( because A beats B by 6 sec)

Then X*25% + (1-X)*40% = 35%

Solving, you get X = 1/3

Ans: Case I: Red ball first and then white ball

Case 2: White ball first and then red ball

Therefore total probability: p1 + p2 = 4/27

Ans: The equation of the line will be 3x - 4y - 12 = 0.

mod (c / sqrt (a^2 + b^2))]

The radius is 1 unit.

So the shortest distance is 2.4 - 1 unit = 1.4 units

w:x=3:12=1:4 and x:y=4:3

the fractional part of the square is shaded:

= {(w+x)^2 - [wx + (1/2)xy + w^2)]}/[(w+x)^2]

The average of the 5 temps is: (a + b + c + d + e) / 5 = 50

divisible by 8? 25% 50% 62.5% 72.5% 75%

E is divisible by 8, also when n = 8k - 1 (k = 1,2,3,.....)

So till 96, there will be 12 * 5 such sets = 60 sets

so probability will be 60/96 = 62.5

14. Kurt, a painter, has 9 jars of paint:

Brun Y if the paint contains 2 jars of brown paint and no yellow

What is the probability that the new color will be Jaune

Sol: 1. This has at least 2 yellow meaning..

a> there can be all three Y => 4c3

2.This has exactly 1 Y and remaining 2 out of 5 = > 4c1 x 5c2

Sol: the answer is C: 307.5 km

(100 + 200 + 250 + 700 + 1000 + x) / 7 = 800

1) Without any restrictions.

4) Total combinations - all vowels always together

in 5*3*4*2*3*1*2*1 It is assumed that Last even place is NOT filled by a vowel.

19. In the infinite sequence A, ,

and the eqn x(1+x(1+x(1+x...))))

from (1) and (2) we get An / Z = x^(n-1) / x

Sol: 52 cards in a deck -13 cards per suit

Total number of ways = 13 * 13 * 13 * 13 * 48 * 47 = 13^4 *48*47 ---> choice A

the best u can approach is a sum of 9 (slip no. 5 + slip no. 4)

22. Two missiles are launched simultaneously. Missile 1 launches at a speed of x

10 minutes its speed is , after 20 minutes its speed is , and so forth.

23. If , what is the unit’s digit of ?

Since , we know that 13! Contains a factor of 10, so its

Therefore, the unit’s digit of is 9. The correct answer is E.

(A) 10 by 14 (B) 10 by 17 (C) 13 by 14 (E) (D) 13 by 17 (E) 14 by 16

So, rug size = (16-6) X (20-6) = 10 X14

(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10 ( e) 12

Soln: 8 is the answer. The different subsets are

27. Find the fourth consecutive even number:

please explain why I alone is sufficient?

Soln: I guess, there are 4 consecutive even numbers to start with..

Hence going by this. Asked sum would be

[(A/5) + 3]+[(A/5) + 4]+[(A/5) + 5]+[(A/5) + 6]+[(A/5) + 7] = A + 25

19 is a prime greater than 13, so the answer is E.

A) there is one boy on each end.

B) There is one girl on each end.

Solution: For the first scenario:

The first seat can be filled in 3C1 (3 boys 1 seat) ways = 3

For the second scenario:

The first seat can be filled in 5C1 (5 girls 1 seat) ways = 5

= n/2(22+(n-1)2)=n(n+1) and this is equal to 79*80

Then X25% + (1-X)40% = 35%

in 5342312*1 It is assumed that Last even place is NOT filled by a vowel.

Total number of ways = 13 * 13 * 13 * 13 * 48 * 47 = 13^4 4847 ---> choice A