08-WCDMA RF Optimization (lj2kh)

WCDMA RF Optimization
ISSUE 1.0
Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved
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q This lecture introduces the various stages involved
in optimizing a 3G radio network and focuses on
the RF Optimization phase.
q Step-by-step approach for the analysis of drive test
data collected by Scanner and test UE is
presented. The analysis is carried out using the
post processing tool ,Genex Assistant.
q In addition, as the network matures, the
optimization work should be enhanced to take into
account traffic statistical data and key performance
index collected throughout the network.
Internal Use 1

Chapter 1 Optimization Phases
Chapter 2 RF Optimization
Chapter 3 RF Optimization methods
Chapter 4 Antenna Adjustment Example
Chapter 5 Drop Call Analysis Example
Internal Use 2

Network Optimization Phases – Flow Chart
Internal Use 3

Single Site Verification
q Single Site Verification

¦ To verify the functionality of every site.
q Objectives
¦ To ensure there are no faults related to site installation or

parameter settings.
Internal Use 4

RF optimization
q RF Optimization
¦ Once all the sites in a given area are integrated and verified, RF
optimization could begin.
q Objectives
¦ To optimize coverage while in the same time keeping

interference and pilot pollution under control over the target area.
This phase also includes the verification and optimization of the
3G neighbor lists.
Internal Use 5

Internal Use 6

RF Optimization - Preparation
q Clutters
¦ RF optimization should be carried out for groups or clusters of
sites rather than on single site basis.
q Drive Routes
¦ Cluster drive test should include the coverage areas of per cell
and all the main roads , streets and any other important
locations.
q Tools
¦ DTI scanner
¦ Huawei U626
¦ Assistant
Internal Use 7

RF Optimization Target
Item Requirements Comments

Target ≥ - 85 dBm Corresponds to outdoor
CPICH RSCP
Minimum -95 dBm measurements.
Target ≥ -8 dB
CPICH Ec/Io Applicable for unloaded network.
Minimum - 14 dB
Active Set size
Target ≤3 Based on scanner data.
(estimated)
% of time a cell is seen as a pilot
Max % < 10 %
polluter.
Pilot pollution
Relative to best server when cell
Threshold 8 dB
is not in Active Set.
UE Tx power Max <15 dBm Assuming 21 dBm max.
SHO Success ratio Target >95 % For e1a, e1b & e1c
Internal Use 8

Handover parameters
A △T △T △T
CPICH
Ec/No Reporting
Range
Hyst
1A Event 1B Event Not

triggered
Internal Use 9

RF Optimization - Solutions
q Antenna tilt
q Antenna azimuth
q Antenna location
q Antenna height
q Antenna type
q Site location
q New site
Internal Use 10

Internal Use 11

RF Optimization methods
q Dominant cell analysis
q Coverage analysis (PCPICH RSCP)
q interferential analysis (PCPICH Ec/Io)
q Uplink coverage analysis
q Pilot pollution analysis
q Neighbor cell list analysis
q SHO Performance analysis
q Call drop analysis

Internal Use 12

RF Optimization methods – Dominant cell analysis
q Dead zone
¦ A site was not emitting during the drive test
¦ Very poor coverage can also be caused by blocking of the
antenna.
q Overshoot
¦ This could be caused to a high site or non-optimum antenna

tilts.
¦ Overshoot will cause interference to adjacent cells resulting in
poorer capacity.
Internal Use 13

RF Optimization methods – Dominant cell analysis
q No dominant cell in some area :

¦ Areas where there is not a dominant cell and where the best
server changes frequently.
¦ Result:
No dominant cell in some area will cause soft handover

frequently and decrease the system efficiency and increase the
probability of call drops.
q UE vs. Scanner Best Serving Cells:

¦ Comparison between the UE and scanner PSC plots. Significant
differences between the plots may indicate a missing neighbor
problem.
Internal Use 14

RF Optimization methods
Internal Use 15

RF Optimization methods – CPICH Coverage
q Check areas of poor coverage, typical value as below:

¦ Good: RSCP ≥ -85 dBm
¦ Fair: -95 dBm ≤ RSCP < -85 dBm
¦ Poor: RSCP < - 95 dBm
q CPICH Ec/Io：
¦ Good: Ec/Io ≥ -8 dB
¦ Fair: -14 dB ≤ Ec/Io < -8 dB
¦ Poor: Ec/Io < - 14 dB
Internal Use 16

What’s the
-14 -90 problem?
-15 -15.5 -95
-16 -100
-104
-17 -105
-18 -110
-19 -115
-20 -120
Ec/Io RSCP
Because
BecausethetheRSCP
RSCPLevel
Levelisispoor,
poor,and
and
cause
causeof
of low
lowEc/Io
Ec/Ioisispoor
poorcoverage
coverage
Internal Use 17

Internal Use 18

RF Optimization methods –CPICH Coverage
Internal Use 19

RF Optimization methods – Interference
-14
-63
-60 What’s the
-15 -15.5 -65 problem?
-16 -70
-17 -75
-18 -80
-19 -85
-20 -90
Ec/Io RSCP
RSCP
RSCPlevel
levelisisgood,
good,and
andthis
this
would
wouldimply
implystrong
strongsystem
system
interference
interference
Internal Use 20

RF Optimization methods – UL Coverage
q Uplink Coverage (UE Tx Power)

¦ High UE Tx power means possible poor uplink coverage.
¦ Areas of high uplink Tx power should be compared to the CPICH
pilots to verify if the problem only exists on the uplink.
Internal Use 21

RF Optimization methods – UL Coverage
Internal Use 22

RF Optimization methods – Pilot Pollution
q Pilot Pollution Point Define:
¦ Not all pilots in the active set
¦ Within a certain margin of the best server( the margin is set to 5dB)
¦ PCPICH RSCP of Best server must be greater than the minimum
threshold
q Cells which are frequently seen as polluters (e.g. >8% time)
should be marked and checked.
-60
-65 Margin
-70
RSCP (dBm)
-75 -62
-64 -66
-68 -69
-80
-85 -81
-90
SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 SC6
A ctive Set Pilot Pollution Not

Pilot Pollution
Internal Use 23

SC Count % in Pollution Set

8 206 12.9%
9 165 10.3%
10 157 9.8%
11 156 9.7% Should be checked
12 148 9.2%
13 135 8.4%
16 95 5.9%
17 94 5.9%
18 76 4.7%
19 74 4.6%
20 73 4.6%
21 56 3.5%
32 54 3.4%
35 39 2.4%
37 33 2.1%
43 19 1.2%
48 8 0.5%
53 7 0.4%
67 3 0.2%
80 2 0.1%
130 2 0.1%
Internal Use 24

q Estimated Active Set Size

¦ Another useful method of pilot pollution is by looking at the
estimated active set based on the scanner data. This plot is
obtained by simulation the network soft handover parameters
within GENEX assistant.
¦ In order to see areas of excessive SHO candidates, the
estimated active set size is allowed to exceed maximum of 3.
¦ This can be done in conjunction with the Pilot pollution analysis.
Internal Use 25

q Estimated Active Set Size Example
Internal Use 26

RF Optimization methods – Neighbor List
q Neighbor List Verification

¦ The neighbor list could be verified and optimized using the
Neighbor List Verification tool within GENEX assistant.
q Recommendations for Each Cell:

¦ Retain: This indicates that those neighbors have been confirmed
from the drive test data.
¦ Add: Missing neighbors
¦ Remove: These neighbors that were not measured but are in the
neighbor list.
Careful consideration is needed prior to removing neighbours

since the Actix/Assistant results are drive route dependent.
Internal Use 27

RF Optimization methods – Neighbor List
q Neighbor List Verification Example
Sample Sample
SC Cell Site Latitude Longitude Action Nbr SC %
Count Count
009 70548 Ajman Central 25.41204 55.447 576 Retain 018 82 14.2%
Retain 010 46 8.0%
Retain 016 31 5.4%
Retain 032 20 3.5%
Retain 011 18 3.1%
Add 130 17 3.0%
Retain 021 17 3.0%
Retain 008 12 2.1%
Retain 020 6 1.0%
Retain 012 5 0.9%
Retain 017 2 0.3%
Remove 053 0 0.0%
Remove 019 0 0.0%
Remove 034 0 0.0%
Remove 037 0 0.0%
Remove 013 0 0.0%
Remove 051 0 0.0%
Internal Use 28

RF Optimization methods – SHO
q UE SHO Performance
¦ The success rates for event 1a, 1b & 1c and can be obtained from Actix /
Assistant
N u m b e r o f A c tiv e S e t U p d a te s
Event Count
E v e n t 1 a - C e ll A d d3 itio
28 n
E v e n t 1 b - C e ll R e m3 0o6v a l
E v e n t 1 c - C e ll R e p la
6 4c e m e n t
N u m b e r o f A c tiv e S e t U p d a te C o m p le te s
Event Count
E v e n t 1 a - C e ll A d d3 itio
26 n
E v e n t 1 b - C e ll R e m3 0o5v a l
E v e n t 1 c - C e ll R e p la
6 2c e m e n t
S o ft-H a n d o v e r S u c c e s s R a te
Event R a te
E v e n t 1 a - C e ll A d9d9itio
.4 n
E v e n t 1 b - C e ll R e9m9 .7
oval
E v e n t 1 c - C e ll R e9p6la.9c e m e n t
Internal Use 29

RF Optimization methods – Call Drop
q Call Drop Analysis - RF related issues :
¦ Poor coverage (RSCP & Ec/Io)
¦ High interference and poor Ec/Io
¦ Poor uplink coverage (insufficient UE Tx power)
¦ Poor dominant cell (best cell changes too frequently resulting in
too many SHO events)
¦ Pilot pollution
¦ Missing neighbors
¦ Fast change of RF conditions (e.g. turning a corner)
Internal Use 30

q Drop Call Analysis Example 1
RSCP & Ec/Io degrades

BOTH for scanner and UE
Check for Coverage problems
Call Drop
Internal Use 31

Ec/Io
Ec/Io(and
(andRSCP)
RSCP)degrades
degradesfor
forUE
UE
ONLY
ONLYwhile
whilescanner
scannershows
showsno
nodegradation
degradation
UE
UEcamp
campon onnew
newcell
cellimmediately
immediately
after
afterdrop,
drop,and
andUEUEdid
didnot
not
measure
measurethis
thiscell
cellbefore
beforeDrop
Drop
Call Drop
Check
Checkthe
theNeighbor
Neighbor
Internal Use 32

Too
Toomany
manyand
andtoo
tooquick
quickchanges
changes
of
ofbest
bestserver
server
UE
UEto
toperform
performmeasurements
measurements
and
andSHO
SHOinintime
timedifficultly
difficultly
Ping-Pong
Ping-PongHandover,
Handover,need
needto
to
improve
improvecell
celldominance
dominance
Call Drop
Internal Use 33

Internal Use 34

Antenna Adjustment Example
q RSCP Coverage before Adjustment
Internal Use 35

q RSCP Coverage after Adjustment
Internal Use 36

q RSCP Distribution
CPICH RSCP Distribution

40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
37.48%
20.00%
31.04%
30.27%
29.33%
25.98%
15.00% 20.31%
18.65%
10.00%
1.44%
0.02%
5.47%
5.00%
0.00%
-95 85 75 65 -65
o o- o- o- >
05t -9 5t -8 5t -7 5 t
-1
Before Adjustment After Adjustment
Internal Use 37

q Tilt from 4 to 6 Result
Internal Use 38

q Tilt from 4 to 8 Result
Internal Use 39

Internal Use 40

Drop Call Analysis Example
q Call Drop Distribution (from best server cell)
Internal Use 41

q There are total 5 drop calls in the plot.
q The example of drop call 1 is analyzed to show the process

of analysis in the following.
q Drop call 1 occurred at an area of frequent change of best

server as shown by the scanner scrambling code plot
Internal Use 42

Internal Use 43

q CPICH RSCP and Ec/Io before the Call Drop
q Compare Ec/Io from both scanner and UE at the time of the drop as
shown in Figure. This clearly shows the UE Ec/Io to drop to < -21 dB
while the scanner remained above -11 dB.
UE Ec/Io
degrades before
call drop
Internal Use 44

q Best server before and after the Call Drop
Internal Use 45

q Comparing the best servers from the UE and the scanner at

the time of drop:
¦ Drop Call 1 (UE vs. scanner best server) shows that for the
scanner and UE SC009 is the best server prior to the drop.
However, about 30 seconds before the drop, the scanner
selected SC018 as the best server while the UE continued to
have only SC009 in its active set resulting in the drop call.
Immediately after the drop, the UE camps on SC018.
Internal Use 46

q UE Active Set and Monitor Set Before and After the Call Drop
SC018 was not

掉话前UE激活集和监
视集没
measured by 有
UE检prior
测到to
SC018
call drop
Internal Use 47

q Conclusion
¦ Examining the UE Active and Monitored set, Figure does not

show SC018 to be measured by the UE prior to the drop.
¦ The reason of call drop is similar to missing neighbor .
Internal Use 48

q Coverage of Drop Call Point
SC018 RSCP >

-75dBm
Internal Use 49

q Solution:
¦ Looking at drop call Figure clearly shows that at the location of

the drop, SC018 should not be the best server.
¦ Cell SC018 clearly requires some down tilting to control its
interference into the area of Drop 1. To illustrate this, RSCP
coverage of SC018 shows clearly that the cell’s is extending into
a large area. E.g. around the location of drop call, SC018 RSCP
is > -75dBm.
Internal Use 50

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WCDMA RF Optimization

Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved

PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com

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q Single Site Verification

¦ To ensure there are no faults related to site installation or

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¦ To optimize coverage while in the same time keeping

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Item Requirements Comments

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1A Event 1B Event Not

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q Coverage analysis (PCPICH RSCP)

q interferential analysis (PCPICH Ec/Io)

q Uplink coverage analysis

q Pilot pollution analysis

q Neighbor cell list analysis

q SHO Performance analysis

q Call drop analysis

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¦ This could be caused to a high site or non-optimum antenna

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q No dominant cell in some area :

No dominant cell in some area will cause soft handover

q UE vs. Scanner Best Serving Cells:

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q Check areas of poor coverage, typical value as below:

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q Uplink Coverage (UE Tx Power)

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A ctive Set Pilot Pollution Not

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SC Count % in Pollution Set

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q Estimated Active Set Size

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q Estimated Active Set Size Example

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q Neighbor List Verification

q Recommendations for Each Cell:

Careful consideration is needed prior to removing neighbours

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q Neighbor List Verification Example

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RSCP & Ec/Io degrades

Check for Coverage problems

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