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TITLE: WEB CAPTCHAS

AUTHOR:

K.ASHISH KUMAR

EMAIL ID:Ashish.kgw@gmail.comPH.NO: 9177250633

ABSTRACT

CAPTCHA is not a word itself; it’s an abbreviation which stands for

Completely Automated Public Turing-test to tell Computers and Humans Apart.

This fullform well defines the purpose of CAPTCHA. Actually CAPTCHA is used as a simple puzzlehurdle, which restricts various automated programs to sign-up E-mail accounts, crackingpasswords, spam sending, privacy violation etc. This CAPTCHA actually challenges a particular automated program, which is trying to access some private zone. So, CAPTCHA helps inpreventing access of personal mail accounts by some un-authorized automated spammingprograms.This challenge of CAPTCHA is not a complicated problem. Actually CAPTCHA is simply somevisual test or some simple puzzle. Any mentally sound human can crack this challenge veryeasily, but an automated program will not be able to crack the challenge and hence it will not beable to gain access. So this CAPTCHA basically distinguishes a human and an automatedprogram and it restricts automated programs to do violation of some private area. The CAPTCHAtests include some codes in form of some images, letters, alphabets and numbers that areintersected or overlapped over each other. And some body who wants to gain the access will needto read the code and rewrite it in specified pattern. These codes are easy to understand and rewritefor any human being. One example of CAPTCHA is “gimpy”. Gimpy select random words fromsome dictionary and then it create 7 puzzles by placing the chosen words in a particular pattern.Pix is also a type of CAPTCHA, it uses pictures in order to create some puzzle. This system usesaround 6 pictures as a puzzle. All these pictures will have relation with some common topic and auser will be supposed to identify that topic or issue.

KEY WORDS

Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA);Gimpy;EZ-Gimpy;Baffle text;Bongo;Pix;Human Interactive Proof (HIP);Turing test;Bot;Ocr(optical character recognition);

1.INTRODUCTION1.1 Overview:

You're trying to sign up for a free emailservice offered by Gmail or Yahoo. Beforeyou can submit your application, you firsthave to pass a test. It's not a hard test -- infact, that's the point. For you, the test shouldbe simple and straightforward. But for acomputer, the test should be almostimpossible to solve.This sort of test is a

CAPTCHA

.They're also known as a type of

HumanInteraction Proof

(

HIP

). You've probablyseen CAPTCHA tests on lots of Web sites.The most common form of CAPTCHA is animage of several distorted letters. It's your job to type the correct series of letters into aform. If your letters match the ones in thedistorted image, you pass the test.CAPTCHAs are short for

ompletely

utomated

ublic

uring test totell

omputers and

umans

part. The term"CAPTCHA" was coined in 2000 by LuisVon Ahn, Manuel Blum, Nicholas J. Hopper (all of Carnegie Mellon University, and JohnLangford (then of IBM). They are challenge-response tests to ensure that the users areindeed human. The purpose of a CAPTCHAis to block form submissions from spam bots– automated scripts that harvest emailaddresses from publicly available webforms. A common kind of CAPTCHA usedon most websites requires the users to enter the string of characters that appear in adistorted form on the screen.CAPTCHAs are used because of thefact that it is difficult for the computers toextract the text from such a distorted image,whereas it is relatively easy for a human tounderstand the text hidden behind thedistortions. Therefore, the correct responseto a CAPTCHA challenge is assumed tocome from a human and the user is permittedinto the website.Why would anyone need to create atest that can tell humans and computersapart? It's because of people tryingto

game

the system -- they want to exploitweaknesses in the computers running thesite. While these individuals probably makeup a minority of all the people onthe Internet, their actions can affect millionsof users and Web sites. For example, afree e-mail service might find itself bombarded by account requests from anautomated program. That automatedprogram could be part of a larger attempt tosend out spam mail to millions of people.The CAPTCHA test helps identify which