Kazakh Root List|1

Below are Kazakh words drawn from the Krippes and Nuralieva Kazakh-English dictionaries, displayed like so:
сым|батты – slender; wire|
In this example, сым|батты is the Kazakh word for slender, and сым is the Kazakh word for wire. In the left column, the
“|” is the line between the "guesstimate" root and the ending for the defined word, slender. In the right column is the
English definition, a semicolon, and then, in italics, meanings for related words. In this case, the related meaning, wire, is
followed by a “|”, meaning that it is a standalone translation for the root, сым. (In most cases, an exact translation of
related words is not provided). As in this example, I have at some points chosen lesser-known words to help expand the
learner’s vocabulary. I’m not a linguist, and so I expect this list contains numerous errors, but will be of some use to
conversational learners of Kazakh seeking to expand their vocabulary and general sense of words.
Celia Emmelhainz, c. 2008-2010.

А аймақ – zone, region

aбай|лау – carefulness; attention, caution айнал|a – around; turn, surroundings, changes
абат – ; wealth, prosperity, amenities айт|y – to say, tell; speech
абзал / әбзел – honor, respect, fame айып|тау – to accuse; guilt, blame, fine
абырж|у – confusion, perplexity айыр|y – to part, tear; separate, fork, branch
аға – elder brother/male айырбас – exchange; barter, trade
ағайын – relatives ақ – white; fair
ағаш – tree, wood ақща – money; financial, pay
ағ|у – flow, run; stream, current ақыл – mind, intellect; wit, advice
ағымдағы – current, present-day; routine ақымақ – stupid; foolish
адал – honest; faithful, virtuous алаң – square, area; bother, worry
адам – man, human алғ|а – forward; front
адас|у – to get lost; error, mistake алғыс – gratitude; thank
адым – step; pace, direction алдa – in front of, before, ahead; future
ажырас|у – to divorce аллаy – deceit; cheat, fraud
аз – few; decrease алты – six
азамат – citizen ал|y – to take; subtract, receive
азан – prayer, dawn алыс – far, distant
азап – torment; suffering, mourning аман|-есен – success, health, well-being
азат – free; liberate, release аман|дасу – to greet
азық – provisions; food, rations ана – mother; maternal, native
ай – month, moon аңық – distinct, evident; clear, lucid, realize
айбай – threat; intimidation, fear аң – beast; hunting
айғай / айқай – cry, shout; noise аңғ|ал – naïve, imprudent
айғақ – evidence, clue аңcay – thirst, hope
айқын – distinct; develop, discover апа – elder sister
айдаy – drive (cattle), chase апат – accident; disaster, fatal
айлакер – cunning, sly; fraud, deceit апта – week
2|Emmelhainz 2010

аралас|тыру – to mix; mixture, mingling аяз – frost

арам – dishonest; evil, false, dirty аяқ – foot, leg; end
арзан – cheap аяу – to pity; mercy, compassion
арқа – arch, spine; ridge
арқан – cord, rope Ә
aрқылы – across, over, through әдеби – literary; of writing, literature
арман – dream; desire, wish әдемі – beauty; charm, adornment
арна|у – to devote, address; special, channel әдеп|кі – in general use; habit, courtesy, tact
артқы – back, rear әдет|те – usually; custom, habit, adat
арт|у – to increase; exceed, overload әділ – fair, just
арш|у – to peel (fruit); wipe әдіс – method
арыз – petition; app., complaint, request әж|е, әж|ім – grandmother, wrinkle
арық – lean, emaciated әзіл – joke; jest, humor, wit
ас – food, meal әйел – wife, woman; feminine
аса – too, overmuch әйнек – glass; glasses
аспа|н – sky; suspended, hanging әке – father
аспап – tool; mus. instrument әкел|у – to bring
астар – lining (garment); meaning, sense әкет|у – to take away, carry away
асты|нда – under, below әкім – administrator
асу – pass (mtn.); cross, overflow, surpass әл|сіз – powerless; force, power, circumstance
асығ|y – to hurry, hasten әлде – either; any, some, whichever
асыл – precious; pure, thoroughbred, noble әләм – world; population, social
асыр|у – exceed; exaggerate, support, keep ән – song; music
ат – horse, name әңгіме – story, tale; chat, discussion
ата – grandfather; father, ancestors, title әр|бір – every, each
атамекен – homeland әрекет – deed, act; attempt
ата|у – to call; mark, state, signify әрине – of course, certainly
ат|у – to shoot; guns әсер – impression; influence, touch, effect
ауа, әуе – air; weather әскер – troops; army, military
аудан – area, district әуез, әуен – melody, tune
аудар|у – to translate, turn; notice әуел|і – at first; initial, original
аулақ – away; distance, separate әуес – curious, inquisitive
ауру – illness; pain, ache әшекей – ornament; decorate, expose
ауыз – mouth; speech, bit (horses), oral
ауыл – country; settlement, village Б
ауыр – heavy; weight, serious, grave, illness баға – value, price, appraisal; evaluate
ауыс|у – movement; transfer, change бағдар – route, line; program, orientation
аш – hunger бағ|у – to guard, watch; tend, obey
аш|у – anger; bitterness, indignation бағыт – direction; orientation, tendency
аш|ық – open; frank, clear бай – rich, wealthy
 Kazakh Root List|3

байқа|у – to notice, try, inspect; observe бес – five

байла|у – tie up; communicate, connect, fasten бет – face, side; surface, direction, goal
байсал|ды – serious, cool; composed би – dance
бақ[тал]ас – rival; competition, jealousy билік – power, authority; rule over
бақша – garden биік – high; tall
бақыт – happiness; fortune, luck боз|арған – ashy; pale, grey
бал – honey; profit, guess бой – height; size
бала – child; childhood, birth, adoption бойсұн|у – humility, meekness; submission
балық – fish бол|у – to be; being, existence
банк – bank; financial болат – steel
бар – there is; existence, identity болжа|у – foretell; guess, prediction
барлық – all, every борыш – – duty; debt
бар|у – go; visit бос – empty; vacant, waste, blank
барыс – course; of events боя|у – painting, coloring; painted, dyed
бас – head; top, leader, main бөгде – outsider, stranger
басқа – another, apart from; separate, else бөге|у – block (up); obstruction, barrier
басқар|у – management, supervision бөл|ек – separate; part, piece, to divide
бас|у – press, squeeze; print, publish бу|у – tie, bind; fetter
баста|у – to start, begin; launch, originate бұз|у – break; violate, ruin
бат|у – to sunset, decline, climb бұйра – locks, curl; whorl
батыл – brave, courageous, decisive бұл – this
батыс – west бұлт – cloud; threat, dodge, evade
бау – lace, bind; cultivate, master бұра|у – to wrap up; twist, screw, coil
бауыр – liver; (metaph) heart бұрын – before; former
баянда|у – inform, report; speak, read paper бүгін – today; presently
баяу – slow; calm, quiet бүкіл – all; every, entire, whole
бәрі – all, every бүр|у – turn, bend
бәс|еке – competition; bet, wager бүлік – revolt, riot; unrest
бедел – authority; prestige бүлін|у – to spoil; spoiled, rebellious
бейбіт – peace; peaceful бүрке|мелеу – to disguise; mask, cover, close
бейне – image; appearance, illustrate бүтін – integral; whole, repair
бейім – inclined; disposed, adaptable білдір|у – signify, inform; notify, secret
бекер – in vain; useless, idle білек – wrist, forearm; bracelet
бекзат – noble, generous біл|у – know; hear, learn, skill
бел – waist; belt білім – education; knowledge, intelligence
белгі – sign, mark, note бір – one; certain, some
белгілі – (well) known бір|ге – together; unity, same
белсен|ді – active; activity, energy біт|у – end, terminate; finish, conclude
бер|у – to give, surrender; giving, debt
берік – strength Г
4|Emmelhainz 2010

гүл – flower дома|лық дәрі – pill; round, roll, lump

доп – ball; sphere
Ғ дос – friend
ғажап – miracle; marvelous дөң – hill; wheel
ғалам|шар – planet; universe, world дұға – prayer
ғалым – scholar, scientist; learnedness дұрыс – correct
ғана – only; just дұшпан – enemy; hostility
ғапу| ету – to excuse; apologize дүкен – store
ғарыш – cosmos, space; astronauts дүние –world; exist, possessions
ғасыр – century дыбыс – sound, voice
ғашық – in love with; amor, passion дым|қыл – wet; humid, damp, moist
ғимарат – building дін –religion; belief
дің – trunk (tree); mast
Д діріл – tremor; shiver, convulse
дағды – habit; custom, usual
дайын – ready; prepare, make, store
дақ – spot; stain, mark Е
дала – steppe; outside, field егде – elderly
дам|у – to develop; growth, development егер – if
дана – wisdom; genius, knowledge егес – argument; dispute
данғой – ambitious; vanity егіз – twins
данқ – fame, glory егін – cornfield; harvest, sow, crops, farming
дарын – talent; gifted ежелгі – ancient; long ago, of old
дау|лы – disputable; debate, disagree ез|гі – yoke; oppression, squeezing
дауыс – voice, vote екі – two; double, twice
даяр|лау – to prepare; ready, prepared ел – country; populace, nation
дәйек|ті – consistent; quote, cite еліктір|у – tempt; seduce, imitate, defy
дәл – exact, clear, precise ем|дік – medical; medicine, doctor
дәл|ел – argument; proof, diagnosis емес – no, not, isn’t
дәм – taste; food, delicious емтихан – exam, test
дән – grain; main, basic ем|у – to suck; breasts, nursing
дәреже – power, might; exponent енді – now, at present; next
дәрі – medicine; medical, doctor ең – most; maximum
дәріс – lecture еңбек –labor, work
дейін – before еңіре|у – burst into tears; sobbing
дем| алу – deep breath; rest, vacation ер – saddle; man, husband, brave
демек – consequently, therefore ереже – rule
ден|е – body; health ерекшілік – distinction, feature
дербес – independence ересек – adult
дерек – news; fact, proof ереуіл – strike; go on strike
 Kazakh Root List|5

еркін –free; liberty жалақы – pay, salary

ерте – early, former; story жалаң – naked; bare, stripped, vagabond
ер|у – to melt; thaw жалбарын|у – to plead; beg, implore, fawn, entreat
ертең –tomorrow жалға – for hire
ерік|ті – volunteer; freedom, unforced жалған – false; fictitious, forged
ерін – lips жалға|сы – continuation; during, conjunction
ерін|шек – lazy жалғыз – solitary, lonely; single, only
ес – mind; memory, consciousness жалда|у – to hire; rent, employ
есеп| беру – give account; calculate, estimate жалқау – lazybones; lazy, idle
ескі – old; stale, outdated жалпақ – flat
ест|у – to listen, hear жалпы – general; on the whole
есік – door жалтар|у – to evade; shy, timid, deceitful
есім –name; noun жалты|рау – to shine, glitter; gloss, gleam
ет – meat; flesh жалын – flame; blaze, ardent, implore
етік – boot, shoe жаман – bad, evil
еш – never, by no means жама|у – to patch; repair, mend
жан – soul, spirit; close
жанасу – contact; touch
Ж жанжал – disagreement; quarrel, conflict
жабайы – savage, wild жанкешті – selfless
жабдық – equipment; preparation, supply жанкұйер – fan (sports)
жаб|у – close, cover жану – burn, be afire; sparkle
жабыс|у – to stick; sticky, adhesive жануар – animal
жаға – collar, shore, coast жан|ында – by, near; close
жағдай – position, status, standing жаңа – new; fresh, restored
жағу – spread, please, light a fire жаңбыр – rain
жаду – ; magic, sorcery жаңсақ – mistaken; confusion, error
жаз – summer жаңылыс – error
жаза –punishment, penalty (game); jail жапырақ – leaf; sheet, slice
жазба – mistake, registration; record жара – wound; weapon, injury, arms
жаз|у – to write жарам|ды – fit; suitable
жазық – space, room; plain, plateau жарас|у – to suit; becoming to, conforming
жай – slowly; simple, place, position жарат|у – create; fabricate, character
жайбарақат – complacent; peaceful, carefree жара|у – do, be suitable
жайлы – cozy, comfy; convenient, settle down жария| ету – make public; open, proclaimed
жайыл|у – to stretch, reach to, enlarge жарқыл – fire, flash, outburst
жақ – side; partisan, jaw жарлы – poor man
жақсы – goo, well; nice, praise жарнама – advertisement; publicity
жақын – near, close; beside, approach жарты/жарым – half
жала – slander; detractor, backbiter жар|у – blow up; rupture
6|Emmelhainz 2010

жарық – light, bright, rupture (med) жорамал – guesswork; superstition, suppose

жарыс – competition, contest, event жоспар – plan; scheme, design
жас – young; youth, age, life жо|ю – cancel, annul
жаса|у – do, make; create, willing, watch жөнде|у – repair; correct, dispatch
жасақ|тау – recruit; armor, equipment жөнінде – regarding, about
жасқа|ншак – diffident; scare, shy, hesitate жөтел – a cough
жасыл – green жуан – thick, fat
жасыр|у –conceal, hide; shelter, secret, stealth жуас – calm, quiet
жаттығу – exercise, practice жу|у – to wash
жат|у – lie down; stranger, memory жуық – near, by; approach, draw close
жауап – answer; reply, responsible, account for жұғ|ымдылық – satiety; nutrition,
жау|у – to fall (rain); conquer, war, evil жұлдыз – star
жаяу – on foot жұғу, жұқпа – infection
жаю – to unfold, lay (a spread of food) жұлу – pick, pluck; uproot
жәбір – offence; hurt жұма – Friday; rumple
жәрдем – relief, aid, assistance жұмсақ – soft, mild, gentle
жеке – personal, individual, private, separate жұмыр|тас – cobblestone; round, circular, egg
жел – wind; flutter, sail, fan, rustle жұмыс – work; employment
желім – glue; sticky, paste жұп – pair, twin, matching
жеңіл – light, easy; conquered, favor жұт|у – to swallow; gulp, greed, calamity
жеңіс – victory; to win жүгір|у – to run
жер – earth, land; region, place жүде|у – grow thin; sickly, exhaust, wear out
жерлікті – local, native жүз|у – to swim; hundred
жетерлік – enough; ample, sufficient жүзім – grapes; wine
жеткіз|у – delivery жүйе –system, order; regular
жеткілікті – sufficient жүк – load, baggage; burden, pregnancy
жет|у – achieve, get, attain жүн – wool; fur, pluck, shaggy
жеті – seven жүргіз|у – lead, conduct, drive; move, propel
жетім –orphan; alone, abandoned жүрек – heart; daring, mood
же|у – to eat жүр|у – to walk; move, go
жиек – brim; border, edge, frame жығ|у – knock down, overcome; fall, flip
жина|қ – collection, selection; gather, assemble жыл – year; annual, advance
жиыны – amount, жыла|у – weep, cry
жиі – frequently, often жылдам – quickly, fast; speed, motion
жоба – project, plan, design жылтыл – gleam; sparkle, shimmer
жоғал|у – to be lost; vanish, waste жылы – warmth
жоғары – high, above; supreme жынды –-crazy!; enrage, fury, madness
жоқ – is not; lack жыныс – sex (biol); species, lineage
жол – road, way; travel жыртқыш – predator; murderer, cruel
жомарт – generous жыр|ту – plough, tear; rip, slice
 Kazakh Root List|7

жібек – silk кез|у – wander; rove

жібер|у – let go, let free, send кей|де – sometimes; certain, some, another
жігер – will; enthusiasm, persistence кейін – after; later
жік – layer, stratum; join, limit, classify кейіп – pose; appearance, role, looks
жіңішке – slender; thin, soft, calm кек – revenge; offence, hostile, irony
кел|у – to come; coming, future, next, arrival
З келіс|ім – agreement; consent, treaty, negotiate
залал –damage; loss, harm, destruction кем|у – to decrease; few, less, worse, flaw
заң –law; rule, custom, tradition кеме – ship
заман – epoch; contemporary кен – mines; mining
зар| жылау – cry, wail; sadness, tiredness кенет – short; break off, suddenly
зат – thing; substance, matter кең – spacious, loose, wide
зейін|сіз – stupid; attention, intellect, talent кеңес – conference; confer, consult, advice
зерт| теу – research, investigate, examine кепіл| болу – vouch / answer for; deposit, guarantee
зиялы – intellectual; cultured, educated керек – necessary; useful, needed
зиян – harm, injury, damage; casualty, loss кес|у – cut off; section, schedule
зор – huge, immense; force, violence, rape кет|у – leave, depart
зулым – insidious, evil-doer; crime кеуде – breast; chest, blouse
зіл – mammoth; strain, load, grudge кеш|е – yesterday; late, party, evening
кешір|у – pardon; excuse, forgive
И киіз/кигіз – felt
иә – yes киім – clothes
игеру – master; conquer, take charge көб|ею – breed, multiply; more
игілік – welfare; good, kind, grateful көгал – lawn, grass
ие – owner; acquire, possess, master көз – eye; stare, see, notice
иман|дылық – honesty; faith, morals көк – blue, green; veggies, spring
ит – dog көл – lake; across
итер|у – to push; push away көлем – volume; scale, size
ишара – suggestion; sign, symbol, signal көлеңке – shadow, shade
иық – shoulder; suspenders, hanger көлік – transport; leave
иіс – smell, odor көмек – help
көмір|тек – carbon; coal, charcoal
К көне – old, ancient
кәсіп – trade, vocation, profession; union көңіл – happy, cheerful; mood
кеб|у – dry up; wither, harden, stale, shroud көп – much, plenty; more
кедей – poor, poverty көр|у – to see; show, observe
кеден – customs house; customs көрген – well-mannered, civil
кедергі – obstacle; hinder, prevent көркем – artistic; beautiful
кез – time, instance; meet көрші – neighbor
кезек – turn; shift, duty, next көріну – appear, show oneself; seems
8|Emmelhainz 2010

көтері|лу – rise; rebel, uprising қай – which

көш|у – to move; nomad, street, copy қайғы – grief, sorrow; moan, distress
куә – witness; evidence, certificate қайна|у – to boil; immerse, spring
күдер – hope қайран| болу – admire; delight, amaze
күдік – doubt, suspicion қайрат|ты – energetic; force, activity
күз – autumn; guard қайсар – urgent; stubborn, persistent
күй – condition, state; nervous қайсыбір – a certain; some
күйдір|у – burn; bake қайта – back; again, re-
күйеу – husband; man, marriage қайын – wife’s relatives, in-laws
күлкі – laugh; ridicule қайыр – alms; good, kind, beggar
күлте – petal; wisp, sheaf, lock (hair) қақпа – gate; cover, trap, prevent
күмән – doubt; suspect, obvious қала – town, city; pen
күн – sun, day қалай – how, what, as
күнә, кінә – sin; crime, guilt қала|у – wish, lay; welcome
күншіл – envious калдыр|у – leave; abandon
күнілгері – beforehand; foreknow, warn қалжың – joke; comic
күрес|у – fight; struggle, wrestle қалқа – partition, screen; cover, shield
күт|у – wait, expect; maintenance, care қал|у – stay, remain
күш – force; strength, power қалып – cover; model, norm
кідіріс – delay; instant, detain қам – care; grief, anxiety, woes
кім – who, whom қама|у – imprison; fortress, siege
кір – dirt; laundry қамқор – careful; patron, condescend
кірпіш – brick қан – blood; oppression
кір|у – enter, join; occupy, visit қанағат|тану – satisfaction; contentment
кіріс – profit, gain; intro, open, attempt қанат – railing, wings
кісі – person, man қандай – what, which, what kind
кітап – book қант – sugar, candy
кіш|і – young, small қанша – how much
қаңғ|ыру – roam; wander, hobo
қар – snow
Қ қара|ңғы – dark; black, bad
қабат – layer, floor, story; tier қарай – towards
қабық – peel; bark, crust, shell қарама|й – tar; contrary, spite
қабыл|дау – resolve, admit, adopt; approve, accept қара|у – look; inspect, guard, watch
қағ|у – knock, press, beat; paper қарғ|ыс – curse; to jump
қадір|леу – value; respect, dignity, esteem қарқын – pace, tempo; speed
қажет – necessary; must, need қарма|лау – to feel; touch
қаж|у – to tire, fatigue қарсы – versus; anti, against, contra-
қаз|у – dig up; treasure қарт – old, elderly
қазір – now, present; soon, contemporary қару – gun; weapon, arms
 Kazakh Root List|9

қарыз – loan; debt, credit, charity, favor қорыт|ынды – final, concluding; conclude
қас – eyebrow; enemy, rancorous, spoon қос|у – to add, join; double, admix, merge
қасиет – quality; sacred қош|тасу – parting; welcome, pleasant, applaud
қасірет – trouble; grief, sorrow қою – put, place, thick, dense
қата|л – cruel; harsh, severe, rank қу – swan, sly; dried, pale
қате – mistake; error, blunder, lie қуан|у – be glad, rejoice; happiness
қатер|лі – threatening; dangerous қуат – power; strength, energy
қатты – hard; intense, strong қуғын – chasing; persecute, pursue
қаты|сты – concerning; comm., attendance қулық – deception; sly, crafty, cunning
қаулы – resolution; decree қуыр|у – roast, fry; doll
қауіп – danger; threat, safety қуыс – hollow; empty
қаһар|лы – terrible; peril, dread, hero құбыл|ыс – phenomenon; change, modify
қаш|у – escape, flight; away, distant Құдай – God
қиқар – resistant; obstinate құжат – documents
қимыл|дау – to move, stir; movement құқық – right; human rights
қира|у – to break; wrecked, ruined, destroyed құл – slave
қисық – curved, crooked; stubborn құлақ – ear; obey, listen
қисынды – logical; (сыз) nonsense, fancy құлау – fall / break down; fail exam, precipice
қиын – difficult; hard, complex құлдыра|у – decline, decay; disorganize
қи|ю – to cut; cross, slice құлшын|у – be inspired, enthused
қиял – imagination; daydream, fantasy құлып – lock; locked
қиянат|шыл – dishonorable; fraud, deceit құм – sand
қоғам – society; public құмар – reckless, passionate; desire, weakness
қожа – master, owner; dominate құн – cost, value
қоз|у – excitement; lamb, motive, move құнар|лы – fertile; (сыз) barren
қой – sheep; of sheep құндақ – case, cover; container, diapers
қоқыс – garbage, waste құпия – secret
қол – hand, arm; sign, win құр – idle; empty, unarmed
қола – bronze құрбан – sacrifice
қолай|лы – comfortable; (сыз) adversity құрғақ – dry, desiccated, withered
қолдан|у – use; applicable, applied құрмет – respect, honor
қонақ – guest; hospitality құру – create, build; formation, building
қону – alight; move, settle құс – bird; vomit
қор – supply, resources, funds; reserves құт|ан – stork; happiness
қорап – box, bundle, pack құтқар|у – save; rescue, liberate
қорға|н – castle; fortify, defend, protect құшақ|тау – embrace; hug, love
қорек|тену – live/ feed on; nourish құю – pour out
қорқ|ақ – coward; fear, terrify, hesitant, timid қыз – girl; daughter, maid
қорл|ау – mock/scoff at; humiliate, insult қызған|у – envy, be jealous of
қорша|у – surround; fence, sanctuary қызмет – service, work; labor, post
10 | E m m e l h a i n z 2 0 1 0

қызу – hot; heat, boiling маңай – neighborhood; surroundings,

қызық – interesting, amusing environment
қызыл – red маңдай – forehead; reveal, front, sign
қылмыс – crime маңыз|ды – important; significant, put on airs
қымбат – expensive, valuable марапат – reward, prize
қым|тау – wrap up; cover, hide мас – drunk
қынжыл|у – annoyance масқара – disgrace
қынқыл – whine маусым – season, June, period
қырақ – farsighted; vigilant махаббат – love, compassion
қыр|у – destroy; forty, bark машық|тану – be in training; practice, exercise
қыс – winter; short, squeeze, press мәдени|ет – culture; civilized
қышқыл – sour, acidic мәжбүр|у ету – force; coerce
қыш|у – itch; scratchy мәлім – well-known, notorious; declare, report
мән|іс – essence; meaning, manner
Л мәңгі|лік – for good; eternal, forever
лаж|сыз – hopeless; recourse, remedy, means мәселе – problem, issue, point; solution
лайық|ты – worthy, deserving, suitable мәтін – text, words; criticism
лаықтыр|у – to throw мезгіл – time, season
лас – foul; dirt, soil мейрам – holiday, festival
лауазым – post, position; appoint, promote мейір – favor; mercy, grace, tenderness
ләззат – pleasure, delight мекен|деу – populate; residence
леп|ті – exclamatory; excitement, outcry мектеп – school
лық| толы – overcrowded; full, packed мемлекет – state; nation, country
мен|мен – pompous; pride, arrogance, mine
М меншік – property; ownership
мағлұм|ат – information; well known, ignorance меңгеру – to manage, master; acquire
мағына – sense; meaning, essence мереке – holiday; celebrate, solemnize
мадақ – praise; eulogy мерзім – term, date; phase, period
мазақ|тау – to tease; heckle, mock, jeer ми – brain; silly
маза|лау – to disturb; intrusive, trouble, bother мирас – inheritance
мазмұн – (table of) contents; account, summary мойын|дау – admit; neck, deny
мазар – sacred, shrine мол –abundant, broad; increase, flow
май – butter, fat, grease момын – mild, gentle, peaceful
мақал|а – article; proverb монтаны – hypocrite
мақсат – aim, goal; determine, expedient мөлдір – transparent; clarify
мақтан|у – be proud of, brag, boast of мөлшер – quantity, volume, dosage
мақта|у – commend, praise мұз – ice; cold, freeze
мақұл – alright, okay, fine мұқаба – cover; wrapper
мал – cattle, livestock; wealth, property мұқият – careful, thorough; meticulous, exact
маман|дық – profession; specialist, expert мұқтаж|дық – need
 K a z a k h R o o t L i s t | 11

мұнай – oil, petrol

мұнар|а – tower; haze, mist О
мұң – melancholy, grief; anquish, plea обыр – cancer; locust, glutton
мұра – legacy, heritage, inheritance одақ – union, alliance
мүгедек – disabled, crippled одан – from there; farther, besides
мүдде – interest; wish, need, goal ожар – rude, insolent
мүлт| кету – miss, slip; mistake, error оз|ып кету – outstrip; exceed, progress, surpass
мүмкін – possible; chance, opportunity ой – idea, thought, scheme, reason, mental
мүше – member; membership, organ ойла|у – to think, ponder; way of thinking
мық|ты – tenacious, firm, strong ойнау – to play, act
мылжың – talkative; chatter, gossip ойран|дау – to ruin; destruction
мысал – example ойын – game, joke, prank
міндет – problem, task; oblige, commit, duty ойыс – cell; to dispose to, to move
мінез – disposition; behavior, conduct оқ|у – read, study; bullet, of school
мін|у – ride; ascent, mount оқиға – event, occurrence, incident
оқшау – separate, single, isolated
Н олжа – profit, loot
нағашы – maternal relative олқы|лық – gap; oversized
нағыз – real, present, pure он – ten
назар – attention; attract оң – positive; right, south
нақ – exactly, namely; concrete оңай – easy, simple
намаз – prayer оңаша|да – alone, in private; solitude
намыс – honor; dignity, modesty, reputation оңда|у – to repair
нан|ым – prejudice; belief, trust, bread| опа – powder; (сыз) traitor
нараз|ы – discontented, dissatisfied опы|қ – repentance; regret, remorse
наша|қор – drug-addicted; drugs ор – ditch, pit, gutter
нашар – bad, weak, feeble; decline, worsen ора|у – to roll up; wrap, spool, towel
нәсіл – race, origin, lineage орналас|у – settle down; be situated
нәтиже – result, outcome, effect; efficacy орна|ту – establish; fortify, install, set up
не – or, what орнын – locate; instead of
негіз – basis, evidence; grouded, founded орта|қ – common, general; center, atmosphere
неке – marriage орын – place, spot, position; carry out, fulfill
неліктен – why от – fire, grass
немқұрайлы – indifferent; disregard отан – homeland, native land
несие – credit, debt, loan отар – colony; colonize
ниет – intention, aim, purpose отын – fuel; chop, firewood
нөмір – number, size отыр|у – sit down; settled, sedentary
нұр – light, beam, ray о|ю – embroider, inlay
нұсқа|у – instructions; version, directions оя|ту – wake up; wide awake
нысан – shape, form; mark, aim
12 | E m m e l h a i n z 2 0 1 0

Ө пара – bribe
өгей| шеше – stepmother; step, inlaw партия – (poli) party, detachment
өжет – bold; persistence, insistence патша – king; reign
өз – oneself, of the self пейіл – mood, character
өзара – mutual, reciprocal; interaction пән – object
өзге – (an)other; difference пәрмен – a command
өзгер|у – to change; alter, sort перде – blind, curtain
өкпе – lung; touchy, insult пікір – opinion, recommendation; idea
өктем – imperious, despotic, forceful піс|у – ripen; bake, cook
өкіл – delegate, representative пішен – hay
өкім – order, instruction пішін – profile; face, appearance
өкін|у – to regret; sorrow, repent
өлең – poem; song, recite Р
өлке – oblast, region разы –; contentment
өл|тіру – kill, murder; dead, die рай –; condition (of weather), mood
өлше|м – measuring; size, weigh рақат – enjoyment, delight, pleasure
өлім, өмір – life, existence ракым|шыл – virtue; mercy, kindness
өндіру – production; industry рас – true, correct; sincere, confirmed
өнеге – model, example ренжу – to be upset; offense, insult
өнер|кәсіп – industry; artificial, invention рең|к – shade; color, aspect, view
өнім – product; harvest, production ресми – official; report
өңде|у – treat; cultivate рет – order; time, rank, regulate
өрме|леу – climb; woven, spider риза – satisfied, pleased; approve, consent
өрт – fire; burning рух – spirit; soul, spiritual
өсек – gossip рұқсат| ету – to allow, permit; grant, license
өс|іру – bring up, raise; grow, increase, usury
өте – very С
өте|у – repay; compensate, redeem сабақ – lesson; teach, study
өткір – sharp; bitter, keen, passing сабын – soap; lather
өт|у – to pass, cross, go over сабырлы – quiet, calm; patient
өтіну – to ask; request, implore сағат – hour, time, watch
өтірік – lie сағын|у – to be bored, to miss
өш|у – to go out; revenge, incite сазан – marsh, swamp
сайла|у – elections, choice; vote
П сақтау – preserve; insure, keep, caution
пайда|лы – useful; benefit, exploit, profit салдар – consequence
пайыз – percentage; interest салқын – cool
пайым – reason; logic sense салмак – weight; load, heavy
пана – shelter; refuge, boarding салтанат|ты – triumphal; grand, pomp
паң – stiff, prim; prideful сал|у – put, place, lay, set, spread
 K a z a k h R o o t L i s t | 13

салық – tax; taxation себ|у – sow, sprinkle

салы|м – deposit, investment сегіз – eight
салыстыр|у – comparison; relatively сез|гіш – sensitive; feel, sense, perceive
сама|л – breeze сезім – instinct; sensitive, sentimental
сана – consciousness; thought, awareness сез|у – smell, feel
санақ – census секір|у – jump, leap, skip
сан|ау – to count; number| сел|қос – apathetic; indifferent
сандырақ – delirium, absurdity семіз – greasy, fat, obese
сапа – purity, quality сен|у – believe, count on, calculate
сапар – visit, call; journey сенім – hope; confident, reliable, secure
сараң – mean, stingy серг|іту – entertain, amuse; cheer up, refresh
сарап|тау – inspection, exam; test, eval серме|у – stroke, flap; wave, swing
сар|ғаю – turn yellow; yellow серуен – walk; drive
сарқ|у – exhaust; scrape, empty, drain серік – companion, fellow; company
сарқы|рама – waterfall; drainage, runoff, survival сиқыр|шы – wizard; sorcery
сатқын – traitor сипат|тау – describe; description, trait
сат|у – to sell, market сипа|у – to stroke, caress
саты – stairs; ladder сире|к – seldom; thin, sparse
сатып алу – to buy; customer сия – ink; like, such as
сау – healthy, strong соғ|у – beat, strike
сауал – inquiry, question, issue соғыс – war; of war
сауат – literacy содан – therefore
сауда – commerce, trade соз|у – stretch, pull out; elastic, flexible
саусақ – finger соқ|а – plough; impact, collide
сауығ|у – get well; recover; party, fun соқыр|лар – the blind; blindness
сау|ын – milking; milk, dairy сол|түстік – north; this|, left|
сая – shade, shadow, calm сондай – such; the same, too
саябақ – park сонша – so many / much; cost, as much as
саяжай – summer cottage; suburban соң|ғы – last; latest, final, end
саяс|ат – politics; political сор – disaster, misfortune
саят|шы – hawker; falconing сот – court, trial; judgment, law
саяхат – journey; tour, travel сою – cut, slaughter, kill
сәби – infant сөг|у – scold, rip, peel, flay
сәйкес|у – accordance, conformity; accordingly сөг|іс – reprimand, reproach
сәлем – regards; greet, welcome сөз – word
сән – fashion; elegant, dress, vogue сөзсіз – undoubtedly, certainly
сәт|ті болу – to be a success; opportunity, instant| сөйлеу – speak, talk
сәуегей|лік – forecast; fortune-telling сөн|у – fading; turn off, stop, plug
сәуле – ray, beam; radiance, luster су|сын – beverage, drink; water|
себеп – reason, cause; motive, excuse сурет – drawing; picture, art
14 | E m m e l h a i n z 2 0 1 0

суық – cold; chilly, terrifying сің|іру – absorb; digest, soak

суыр|у – uproot; extract, pull out
сұйы|қ – liquid; weak, fluent Т
сұлу – beautiful; lovely таба – frying pan
сұм – vile; fearsome, cunning табала|у – gloat; spite, schadenfreude
сұр – grey табан|ды – persistent; (foot) sole|
сұра|қ – question; ask, request табақ – saucer, dish
сұрыптау – selection; grade табиғ|и – natural; nature
сүз|гі – filter; strain, drain таб|у – find, discover
сүйек – bone; lineage, (fruit) pit табын – herd, flock; cult
сүйе|у – support; prop up, protect табыс – earnings, find; success
сүйі|с – kiss; rejoice, romance таға – horseshoe; nominate
сүрт|у – wipe (off) тағы – again, also, wild
сүт – milk; dairy таза – clean, pure
сү|ю – love тайға|қ – slippery; slide
сыб|ыр – whisper; rumor тайыз – shallow
сығ|у – squeeze out; compress, crush тақта – plank, board, slab; blackboard
сыз|ды – dampness тақырып – subject, heading
сыз|ық – a line; ruler, draw талап – demand; suit, claim
сый – gift; respect, esteem, award талас|у – to dispute; quarrel, controversy
сыйақы – reward, fee тамақ – food, meal; cook
сыйым|ды – roomy, capacious; volume, space таманда|лу – completion; exhaust
сыла|у – massage; rub, daub тамаша – admirable, excellent, splendid
сылбыр|лық – languor; sluggish, apathetic тамыр – pulse; vein, root
сылдыр|ау – murmur; ripple, rustle, ring тан|ыс – familiar, acquaintance; know, explain
сым|батты – slender; wire| таң| қалдыру – to amaze; surprise, morning|
сына|у – feel, criticize таңба – mark, imprint; brand
сынғақ – brittle, fragile таңдан|у – be astonished, surprised
сын|у – to break; frature таңда|у – choose, select; option, chosen
сыңғыр – ringing; ring таң|у – bandage; bind, tie
сыпайы – delicate; courteous тап – class, caste
сыпыр|у – to sweep; broom тапсыр|ма – task; commission, charge
сыр – secret, paint, dye тапсыр|ыс – order; register
сырғ|у – slip slide, earring тар – tight, narrow, compact
сырқат|тану – to be ill; illness таразы – scales, balane; weight
сырл|ау – to paint, dye, color тарал|у – spread, extend to; circulation
сырт|қы – external, outward; surface тарат|у – spread; distribute
сілк|у – shake, quake тарих – history
сілтеме – reference; refer to, allude тарсыл|дату – knock; rattle
сіңбір|ік – snot; blow one’s nose тарт|у – stretch, attract, pull; fascinate
 K a z a k h R o o t L i s t | 15

тас – stone тоз|у – wear out; old, weak

таста|у – throw той – feast, banquet, celebration
тас|у – carry, drag, pull тоқ – satisfied, content
тату|лық – accord; reconcile, unite тоқта|у – stop
тау – mountain тоқ|у – knit, weave, bind
тауар – wares, goods; commodity толған|у – be excited/upset/worry
таяп кел|у – come to, ,approach; near future толқ|у – agitation, emotion; wave
тәжірибе – experience; experimental тол|ы – full, plump
тән|ті ету – to delight; body, characteristic тона|у – to rob, hold up
тәрбие – education, training, upbringing тоң|у – to freeze; permafrost|
тәркіле|у – confiscate; seize, forfeit топ – group, herd; stupid
тәртіп – discipline; order, arrange тот – rust
тәріз|ді – like, similar; shape, form төбе|лесу – to fight, brawl; hill|
тәсіл – way, method; how төг|у – to spill, shed
тәтті – sweet(s) төз|у – to endure, bear; patience
тәуекел – risk төле|м – pay, payment
тәуел|ді ел – dependency; (сіз) independence төмен – low; down, descend, decrease
тегін – free, gratis төңке|ру – turn over; rebellion
тегіс – smooth, even, level, everyone төр|аға – chairman; place of honor, authority
теже|у – to brake; refrain from төрт – four
тез – quickly, fast, immediately төсе|ніш – mattress; bedding, bed
тек – only; origins, but төтенше – utterly; emergency, extraordinary
текке – in vain, for nothing ту – flag; standard
тексер|у – to check, audit; verify, inspect туабітті – inherent, inborn
темекі – tobacco; smoking туған – indigenous, native, birth-
темір – iron; railway тура – straight
тентектік – prank; naughty ту|у – give birth to
тең – equal, even туысқан – relative, relation
теңдес – even, equal with тұз – salt
теңіз – sea; marine тұйық – impasse; block, obstruction, contained
терге|у – investigate, explore тұқым – breed; seed, kernel
терең – deep, profound тұма|н – fog, mist; the flu
терле|у – sweat, perspire тұрақ|ты – constant; permanent, perpetual
тері – skin; leather тұрғын – inhabitant
теріс – negative; reverse, mistake, deny тұрмыс – mode of life
тес|ік – hole; pierce, penetrate тұр|у – get up, rise, stand, live
тиім|ді – profitable, advantageous тұтас – whole; intact, entire
тиіс|ті – proper; required, obligatory тұтын|у – consume, use; consumer
ти|ю – to touch түбі|р – root, stump; extract, under
тоғыз – nine түзе|у – correct, remedy, repair
16 | E m m e l h a i n z 2 0 1 0

түз|у – straight; in order уәкіл – representative; authorize

түй|ме – button; daisy, clasp, pin у|лау – to poison; poison|
түйісік – feeling, sensation; tangible улы – poisonous
түкір|у – spit
түнек – darkness; night| Ұ
түп – bottom; uproot, end, bind ұғ|ыну – explanation; understand, conceive,
түр|ту – poke; rouse, push, prison idea
түс – color, midday, dream ұза|ру – stretch; lengthen, long
түс|у – descend, land, fall ұзын|дық – length; long|
түсін|у – understand; concept, idea, explain ұйқы| қашу – insomnia; sleep|
түтін – smoke ұйым – organization
тығыз – cramped; narrow, lose ұқсас|тық – analogy; similar, like|
тығын – plug; block, cork ұқып|ты – tidy; conscientious
тым – excessive, too ұл|ғайту – extension, amplify; son|
тыныс – pause; breathe, still, relax ұлт|шіл – nationalist; nation|
тыныш – quiet, calm; soothe, peace ұлы – great; too big, huge
тында|у – listen, hear ұмыт|у – forget
тыңшы – detective; spy ұнам|ды – pleasant; please, nice
тырна|у – scratch; rake, claw, nails, scratch ұнат|у – grow fond of; like, prefer
тырыс|у – try, attempt ұрл|ау – steal; rob, creep
тыс|қары – outside, out of; beyond| ұр|у – beat
тіг|у – make, sew, plant ұры – thief
тізе – knee, kneel ұры|с – fight; quarrel
тізім – list ұсақ – small; petty, spare change
тік – straight, steep, vertical ұстам|ды – reserved
тікен – thorn; prickly ұстау – hold catch, arrest
тіл – tongue, language ұсын|у – produe; punctual, bear, supply
тілек – wish, desire ұт|у – win, overcome
тілу – cut, slice ұтыл|у – lose; losses
тіре|к – support; prop, reliable ұтым|ды – rational
тірке|у – registration; record ұтыс – gain, prize; draw, winning
тірі – living, alive ұш|у – to fly; air travel
тіс – tooth; dental ұял|шақ – shy; scruple, shame, nest
ұят – shame, embarrassment
У
уағыз – sermon Ү
уайым – grief, sorrow, melancholy үзіл|у – break; tear, interval, adjourn
уақыт|ша – interim, temporary; time| үй – house; home, family
уәде| беру – to promise; promise| үйлен|у – marry; wedding
уәж – reason, argument үйлес|у – to suit; harmony, appropriate
 K a z a k h R o o t L i s t | 17

үйрен|у – learn шайна|у – to chew

үйрет|у – teach, train шақыр|у – invite
үйір – flock, herd шал|бар – trousers; old man|
үкім – condemnation, sentence шама|мен – approximately; excessive, value, size|
үкімет – government шамдан|у – fire up, blaze; irritate
үлгі – example, style; model шанш|у – innoculate, vaccinate; inject, stab
үлес – portion, dose; share шаң – dust
үлкен – big, large; great, senior шапқын|дық – raid; attack, battle
үміт – hope; wish шапшан – quick, rapid, fast
үн|демеу – be sient, be quiet шар – sphere, ball
үнем|деу – economize; savings, reserve шаруа|шылық – property, economy; peasant|
үнемі – always, forever шарша|у – be tired; weary, fatigue
үн|сіз – silent, mute; sound, proclaim шат – joyful; bliss
үрей – panic; alarm шатыр – tent; attic, moth
үрейлі – terrible; awful, terror шатыс|у – entangle (oneself); muddle, tangle
үру – bark шах|мат – chess; mining
үст|еме – addition, raise; top, summit, dominate шаш – hair; tassell
үстінде – over, above шаш|у – strew, cover, sprinkle
үш – three шебер – master, skillful, expert
үшін – for, because, to benefit шеге – a nail; fasten
шегін|у – retreat; back
Х шейін – from, since
хабар – report, statement, info, news шек – boundary; border, limit, edge
хабарлама – notification, notice; advertise шет|ел – foreign; border|, edge|
хабарла|у – inform шеш|у – decide, solve
халық – people, nation шешін|у – undress, take off; unfasten
хан – khan, king шик|і – raw; material, extract
хат – letter; secretary, minutes, protocol шипалы – beneficial; salve, cure
хош| иіс – fragrance, perfume; welcome, nice, шол|у – survey, review
bye шомыл|у – bathing
шошу – fright, fear
Ш шөл|деу – thirst; desert|
шаб|у – chop; gallop шөп – grass, hay
шабуыл – attack, assault; offensive шу|лау – make noise; noise|
шабыт – inspiration; inspire шұғыл – haste; first aid, rush
шағ|у – sting, clock, crack, split, bite шүбә|лі іс – dubious affair; doubt, suspicion
шағым – complaint шығарма – work of art; creation
шағын – smaller; less шығар|у – extract, output, release
шай – tea шығ|у – go out, exit, move, ascend
шайқас – fighting; shake шығын – expense; loss
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шығыс – east іш|у – drink, eat, consume

шыда|м – patience; endure
шылым – cigarette Я
шым – grass, sod ядро – nucleus; nuclear
шын – true, right; actual, correct, real яки – or; either
шырын – juice; squeeze
шір|у – decay, rot; rotten

Ы
ыдыс – vessel; dishes
ыза|лы – wicked, cross; irritate, vex
ықпал – influence; shelter
ықтымал – probably, likeliy
ықшам – dense, compact; abbreviated
ықылас – interest; concern, attention
ылғал – moist, humid; damp
ым – gesture, signal; compromise
ыңта – enthusiasm; stimulus, incentive
ынтық – passionate; cooperate
ырға|қ – rhythm, shake
ырық|сыз – passive; will, consent
ырым – omen; superstition
ысқыр|у – whistle; hiss
ыстық – heat, warmth

І
із – trace, track, footprint
ізде|у – look for, search
ізетті – kind, polite
ілг|іш – clothestand; hook
ілгері бас|у – advance; fast, ahead
ілін|у – to hang; adhere, catch
ірікте|у – selection; integrate
іс – affair, deed, cause; actual, realize
іскер – enterprising; business
іссапар – mission; trip
іс|іну – swell; swell up
іш – belly; inside, interior
ішек – intestine, string
ішкі – inner, inside