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Oleh :
1. =
= =
.
= =
.
= =
.
= =
.
= =
.
konvergen
lim → = lim →
=0
= (−1) = −
= (−1) =
= (−1) = −
= (−1) =
= (−1) = −
divergen
( )
3. =
= −
( )
=
( )
=
( )
=
( )
=
4. = + ( . )
= 1 + (0.9) = 1.9
= 1 + (0.9) = 1.81
= 1 + (0.9) = 1.729
= 1 + (0.9) = 1.6561
= 1 + (0.9) = 1.59049
konvergen
lim 1 + (0.9) = 1
→
5. = +
= 1 + =2
= 1 + =
= 1 + =
= 1 + =
konvergen
1 +1
lim 1 + = lim
→ →
=1
1. ∑
Deret geometrinya + + +⋯
2. ∑ −
∑ 3 − 2
∑ 3 − 2 = 3 ∑ − 2 ∑
=3 − 2
= 1 −
∑ 2 + 3
∑ 2 + 3 = 2 ∑ + 3 ∑
=2
+ 3
=1+
Tulislah bilangan desimal itu sebagai sebuah deret tak terhingga. Kemudian tentukanlah
jumlah deret tersebut.
4. 0.0130130130...
= + + +⋯
= + + +⋯
1. ∑ ( − + ) ( − )
( ) = ( − 3 + 2) (2 − 3) ( ) = ( − 3 + 2 ) ( 2 − 3)
∫ ( − 3 + 2 ) ( 2 − 3) = lim → ∫( − 3 + 2) ( 2 − 3)
= lim → ∫
Misal : =
= lim →
=
= lim → ( − 3 + 2)
= lim → ( − 3 + 2) − (1 − 3.1 + 2)
= ∞ ( )
maka ∑ ( − 3 + 2) (2 − 3) Divergen
2. ∑
( ) = ( ) =
∫ = lim → ∫ Misal : =
= lim → ∫
= lim 1
→ 2
= lim 1 − 1 2
→ 2
= ∞ ( )
3. ∑
( ) = ( ) =
Misal :
∫ = lim → ∫
= lim −1
→ 3∫
= lim → −
= lim → − +−
= 0 +
= ( )
4. ∑
( )= ( ) =
∫ = → ∫
( ) ( )
= ( )( )
)
=
( )
=
∫ = ∫ − ∫
= | − |− | + |
∫ = → ∫
= → | − |− | + |
= → | − |− | − | − | − |− | − |
=∞ ( )
5. ∑
( ) = ( )
= → ∫( + )( + + )
= → ∫
Misal :
= → [− ]
= →
= → +
= 0 +
= ( )
konvergen
Mungkin deret ini divergen, sebab untuk cukup besar suku ke− mirip dengan =
, tepatnya ≥ =
2. ∑
√
Mungkin deret ini divergen, sebab untuk cukup besar suku ke− mirip dengan ,
tepatnya ≥
√
3. ∑
Agaknya konvergen, sebab untuk cukup besar suku ke− irip dengan = , tepatnya
<
juga konvergen.
4. + + + +⋯
Jawab :
5. + + +⋯
∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙
Jawab :
= ( )( )
=
Agaknya deret ini konvergen, sebab untuk cukup besar suku ke− mirip dengan
= , tepatnya <
Jawab :
Misalkan suku ke-n adalah = maka nilai limitnya adalah
lim → = lim → =2
2. ∑
Jawab :
lim → = lim → =
3. ∑
Jawab :
1
lim = lim =
→ → 3 +2 3
4. ∑
Jawab :
3 +2 3
lim = lim =
→ → 2 −1 2
lim → = lim →
= lim →
=1
2. ∑
lim → = lim → ÷
= lim →
=1
3. ∑
lim → = lim → ÷
= lim →
4. ∑
√
lim = lim ÷
→ →
= lim
→
=1
Penyelesaian :
( )!
lim → = lim → ( )
∙
!
( )
= lim →
= lim →
=∞
!
Karena nilai limit = ∞(> 1), maka deret ∑ Divergen.
2. ∑
Penyelesaian :
( )
lim → = lim →
( )
= lim →
=3 4
3. ∑ !
Penyelesaian :
( ) !
lim → = lim → ( )!
∙
∙ ( )∙ !
= lim → ( )∙ !
∙
= lim →
=0
!
4. ∑
Penyelesaian :
( )!
lim → = lim → ( )
∙ !
( )
= lim → ( ) ∙
= lim → ( )
5. ∑
Penyelesaian :
( )
lim → = lim → ∙
∙ ( )
= lim → ∙ ∙ ∙
= lim →
= ∙1
1. ∑
| |
= lim → | |
= lim →
∙
= lim →
=lim →
Menurut uji hasil bagi mutlak, deret ini konvergen mutlak (jadi konvergen juga).
2. ∑ (− )
| | ( )
= lim → | |
= lim → ( )
×
( )
=
=1 2
+1
(−1)
→
Penyelesaian :
+1+1
+1 +1
= lim = lim
→ → +1
= lim → ∙
= lim →
=0
− ∙ + ∙ − ∙ ∙∙∙
= =( )
maka > + 1, lim → = 0 dan deretnya Konvergen.
Penyelesaian :
= − !
+ !
− !
+∙∙∙ −∞ < <∞
( )= − + − +∙∙∙
! ! !
=1−3 !
+5 !
−7 !
+∙∙∙
= − + − +∙∙∙
! ! !
∫ =∫ − + − +∙∙∙
! ! !
= − ( !)
+ ( !)
− ( !)
+∙∙∙ +
= − !
+ !
− !
+∙∙∙ +
= +
Penyelesaian:
( ) ( )
= lim → ( )
×( )
( )
= lim → ( )
( )
=− lim → ( )
= − × 1
=−
3. ∑
Penyelesaian :
= lim →
= lim → |3 |
= − + − +∙∙∙
! ! !
( + 1) ( ) = ± atau ( + 1) ( ) = ±
Maka | ( + 1) ( )| 1, sehingga untuk semua nilai yang mungkin. Maka dari itu,
( )( ) | |
0 | ( )| = ,
( )! ( )!
| |
lim → = 0, sehingga teorema apit berlaku
( )!
x
Andaikan ( ) = . Jadi,
( )
′ ( ) = "( ) = … = ( )
=
( )
dan (0) = ′(0) = "(0) = … = ( )
= 1
0 ( ) = (0) = 1
1 ( ) = (0) + ′(0) = 1 +
= 1 + +
!
= 1 + +
" "" 1
3 ( ) = (0) + ′(0) + + = 1 + + 12 2 +
2! 3! 3!
= 1 + + 2 + 3
( )
"( ) ( ) ( )
Pn (x) = f(0) + f'(0)x + + +…+
! ! !
= 1+ + + +⋯+
! ! !
3. Tentukan polinomial Taylor ( ), ( ), ( ) untuk di sekitar =
3
Penyelesaian :
( ) = , maka
√
( ) = = =
′( ) = " = =
"( ) = – "′ = – =−
Substitusikan = ke ( )
( )
"( ) ""( ) ( )
= ( ) + ′( ) ( – ) + ( − ) + ( − ) + ⋯+ ( − )
! ! !
√
1 ( ) = + − = + −
"
2 ( ) = + − + −
!
" ""
3 ( ) = + − + !
− + !
−
√ √
= + − − − − −
∙ ! ∙ !
= 1 + + + − +⋯ −∞ < <∞
! ! !
Persamaan dapat dijabarkan deret Maclaurin dengan substitusi – pada untuk memperoleh
( ) ( ) ( )
= 1 + (− ) + !
+ !
+ !
+⋯ −∞ < <∞
atau
= 1 − + + − −⋯ −∞ < <∞
! ! !
( ) = ( + 1) (0) = (0 + 1) = 0
′( ) = ′(0) = 1
′′( ) = ( )
′′(0) = – 1
′′′( ) = ( )
′′′(0) = 2
∙
4( ) = − ( )
4(0) = – 3!
∙ ∙
f5(x) = ( )
5(0) = 4!
( ) ( )! ( )
( )
= (−1) ( )
= (−1) ( – 1)
( )
f(2.1) = 2 ∙ 1 + √1
= 4+1
=5
b) f(x.y) = +
f(3.0) = 3 ∙ 0 + √0
=0
c) f(x.y) = +
f( , )= ∙ +√
= +
=4∙1 2
=2
c) g (x,y,z) = sin
= 16∙ 1
= 16
=6∙4+4
= 24 + 4
= 28
( , )=4 +2
=4∙2+2
= 10
Penyelesaian :
= [ ( )] + ( ) ( )
= cos( ) ( ) + sin( )4
= cos( ) +4 sin( )
= cos( )+4 sin( )
= [ ( )] ( )+ ( ) ( )
= cos( )3 +0
=3 cos ( )
Penyelesaian :
( , ) = 2 +4
( , ) = 2 + 12
( , ) = 3 +
( , )=6
( , ) = 6 +4
( , ) = 6 +4
Penyelesaian :
( , )=4 −3
( , )=4 −6
( , )=2 −
( , )=6 −5
( , ) = 12 − 20
( , ) = 12 − 15
( , ) = 12 − 15
5. Cari turunan parsial pertama fungsi yang diberikan terhaadap dua peubah bebasnya.
( , )=
( , )=2
( , ) = −2
1. ( , )→( , ) ( − )
Penyelesaian :
lim( , )→( , ) (3 − )
(3 ∙ 1 ∙ 3 − 1 ∙ 3 ) = −18
2. ( , )→( , )( )
Penyelesaian :
lim( , )→( , )( )
∙ ( )
( )
=− =−
( )
3. ( , )→( , )
Penyelesaian :
( )
lim( , )→( , )
( )
=1∙1 3=1 3
( )
( )
4. ( , )→( , )
Penyelesaian :
5. ( , )→( , )
Penyelesaian :
lim( , )→( , ) =( )( )
= = .
Cari gradien ∇
1. ( , )= +3
Penyelesaian :
=2 +3
= +3
∇ , = (2 +3 ) +( 2 +3 )
2. ( , )= −
Penyelesaian :
=3
= −3
∇ , = 3 2 +( 3 −3 2)
( , )= − , = (−2,3)
Penyelesaian :
( , )= −
=2 −
= −2
∇ ( , )= 2 − 2 +( 2 −2 )
2
Jadi, ∇ − (−2,3) = 2(−2)(3) − (3) + ((−2)2 − 2(−2)(3))
= (−12 − 9) + (4 + 12)
=−21 + 16
Tentukan . Apakah = ?
4. ( , )=4 +3
Penyelesaian :
( , ) = 12 +6
( , )=3
( , )=6
( , )=6
5. ( , ) =
Penyelesaian :
( , )=3
( , )=−
( , ) = −3
Dari nomor 4 dan 5, = . Artinya urutan pendeferensialan dalam tuunan parsial campuran
tidak penting.
Penyelesaian :
= +
= (4 )(3) + ( )(3 )
= 12(3 ) + (3 ) (3 )
= 324 + 243
Penyelesaian :
= + +
= 6(2 ) ( + )(2 ) + 2( + ) + (2 ) − 9
= 12 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 −9
=12 +2 +4 + 2 + 2 − 9
Penyelesaian :
= +
=24(3 + 6 ) − 12 (4 )
= 72 + 144 − 192
Penyelesaian :
sin( )=
sin( )− =0
=−
= ( )
= ( )−1
( )+ ( )−1 =0
( )−1 = − ( )
( )
=− ( )
Penyelesaian:
2 +3 ( + 1) − +5 = 0
=4 +6 +3
=6 +3 +3 −2
(4 +6 + 3 ) + (6 +3 + 3 − 2 ) =0
(6 +3 + 3 − 2 ) = −(4 +6 +3 )
= −(
)
Turunan implisit
2 +3 ( + 1) = −5
2 +3 ( + 1) − +5 = 0
2 +3 +3 − +5 = 0
2 +2 + 3 +3 + 3 +3 − + 5=0
4 +6 +6 +3 +3 +3 −2 =0
(4 +6 +3 ) + (6 +3 +3 −2 ) =0
(4 +6 +3 )
=−
(6 +3 +3 −2 )