1
2
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 PROFILE 6
I
NTRODUCTION
6
I
RAQ IN
F
ACTS AND
F
IGURES
6
CHAPTER 2 GEOGRAPHY 13
I
NTRODUCTION
13
G
EOGRAPHIC
D
IVISIONS
13
D
ESERT
13
U
PPER
T
IGRIS AND
E
UPHRATES
U
PLAND
13
N
ORTHEAST
H
IGHLANDS
14
A
LLUVIAL
P
LAINS
14
C
LIMATE
14
M
AJOR
R
IVERS
15
T
IGRIS
R
IVER
15
E
UPHRATES
R
IVER
15
S
HATT AL
-A
RAB
15
M
AJOR
C
ITIES
16
B
AGHDAD
16
B
ASRAH
17
M
OSUL
(A
L
M
AWSIL
) 17
K
IRKUK
18
A
RBIL
18
N
ATURAL
H
AZARDS
19
E
NVIRONMENTAL
C
ONCERNS
19
CHAPTER 3 HISTORY 21
I
NTRODUCTION
21
A
NCIENT
C
ULTURES OF
M
ESOPOTAMIA
21
S
UMER
22
A
KKAD
22
B
ABYLONIA
23
A
SSYRIA
24
H
ELLENISTIC AND
P
ERSIAN
R
ULE
24
S
PREAD OF
I
SLAM
25
S
UNNI
M
USLIM
D
YNASTIES
26
M
ONGOLS AND A
P
ERIOD OF
I
NSTABILITY
27
O
TTOMAN AND
S
AFAVID
C
ONFLICT
27
T
HE
O
TTOMAN
E
RA
28
W
ORLD
W
AR
I 29
T
HE
B
RITISH
M
ANDATE
29
F
AISAL
I
AND THE
H
ASHEMITE
K
INGDOM
30
I
NDEPENDENCE
30
W
ORLD
W
AR
II 31
3
P
OST
-W
ORLD
W
AR
II 32
T
HE
F
ALL OF THE
H
ASHEMITE
M
ONARCHY
32
T
HE
Q
ASIM
R
EGIME
33
T
HE
A
RIF
B
ROTHERS
34
A
L
-B
AKR AND THE
B
A
’
ATHISTS
34
T
HE
R
ISE OF
S
ADDAM
H
USSEIN
35
K
URDISH
P
USH FOR
A
UTONOMY
36
T
HE
I
RAN
–I
RAQ
W
AR
37
T
HE
I
NVASION OF
K
UWAIT
38
S
ANCTIONS
38
W
EAPONS
I
NSPECTIONS
39
T
HE
E
ARLY
I
RAQ
W
AR
(2003–2005) 40
I
RAQI
G
OVERNANCE AND
S
ECURITY
E
FFORTS
(2006–2009) 41
CHAPTER 4 ECONOMY 43
I
NTRODUCTION
43
T
HE
D
EVELOPMENT OF
I
RAQ
’
S
E
CONOMY
43
S
TANDARD OF
L
IVING
44
I
NDUSTRY
45
E
NERGY
46
O
IL
46
N
ATURAL
G
AS
48
E
LECTRICITY
48
A
GRICULTURE
49
T
RADE
50
B
ANKING AND
C
URRENCY
50
T
OURISM
51
B
USINESS
O
UTLOOK
52
I
NTRODUCTION
53
E
THNICITY AND
R
ELIGION
53
L
ANGUAGES
55
G
ENDER
I
SSUES
56
C
UISINE
57
T
RADITIONAL
D
RESS
58
T
HE
A
RTS
59
S
PORTS
59
CHAPTER 6 NATIONAL SECURITY 61
I
NTRODUCTION
61
U.S.–I
RAQ
R
ELATIONS
61
R
ELATIONS WITH
N
EIGHBORING
C
OUNTRIES
62
I
RAN
62
S
YRIA
63
J
ORDAN
64
S
AUDI
A
RABIA
65
K
UWAIT
66
T
URKEY
67
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