Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident

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Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident

An Update Log
The latest IAEA information on the radiological situation in Japan,
updated as information becomes available and verified.
Table of CONTENTS
18 April 2011 / 02
15 April 2011 / 06 14 April 2011 / 10 13 April 2011 / 14
31 March 2011 / 64 30 March 2011 / 68 29 March 2011 / 72
IAEA Division of Public Information / News and Information / 19 April 2011 / 18:00 1
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident Update Log
Updates of 18 April 2011 t emperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 141°C. In Unit 3 the temperature at the feed water nozzle of the
RPV is 91°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 122°C.
In accordance with the report of the Nuclear Emergency Response HQs (Prime Minister’s Office) from 15 April,
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (18 April 2011, 15:35 UTC) thermography temperatures of the Containment Vessel and Spent Fuel Pool in Unit 1 were 33 °C and 36°C respec-
tively. In Unit 3 the temperatures were 68°C and 59°C at the same positions. Also on the 15 April, thermography
Presentation: temperature of the Unit 2 reactor building roof was 31°C
 Summary of Reactor Status
As of 16 April, no white smoke was seen to be coming from Unit 1 although white smoke was still observed coming
On Monday, 18 April 2011, the IAEA provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in from Units 2 and 3. As of 16 April white smoke was also visible in Unit 4.
Japan:
Fresh water injection (around 45 tonnes) to the spent fuel pool was carried out via the spent fuel pool cooling line of
1. Current Situation Unit 2 and completed by 16 April. Due to the occurrence of an earthquake on 16 April, the motor-driven pump was
stopped. The spent fuel pool was confirmed to be filled with water.
Overall, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant remains very serious but there are early signs of
recovery in some functions, such as electrical power and instrumentation. In accordance with NISA Release 94, TEPCO took water samples from the spent fuel pool of Unit 4 on 12 April, in
order to examine the conditions. The sample was taken by using the arm of the concrete pump vehicle. At the same
On 17 April, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) announced that TEPCO had issued a “Roadmap time, the temperature of water in the spent fuel pool of Unit 4 was measured with a thermistor attached to the arm
towards Restoration from the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station”. The roadmap outlines of the concrete pump vehicle. The activities for I-131, Cs-134 and Cs-137 were 220 Bq/cm3, 88 Bq/cm3 and
63 measures to be taken in two steps over a period of six to nine months. TEPCO declared they will “make every 93 Bq/cm3 respectively.
effort to enable evacuees to return to their homes and for all citizens to be able to secure a sound life”.
There has been no change in the status in Units 5 and 6.
Changes to Fukushima Daiichi Plant Status
The power supply to the Common Spent Fuel Pool was temporarily interrupted due to a short-circuit on 17 April.
The IAEA receives information updates from a variety of official Japanese sources, through the national competent
authorities: the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science
and Technology (MEXT). 2. Radiation Monitoring
Based on the information received by 18 April 2011 02:00 UTC the following update related to the reactor units at From 15 to 17 April, I-131 was detected in only one prefecture on 15 April; with a reported value of 4.1 Bq/m2.
the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), and related environmental conditions, is provided. During this period, deposition of Cs-137 was detected in 8 prefectures. The total deposition of Cs-137 in these
prefectures on these 3 days ranged from 2.3 to 66 Bq/m2.
As a countermeasure against a possible tsunami, the distribution boards for the pumps injecting water to the
reactor pressure vessels of Units 1, 2 and 3 were transferred to higher ground on 15 April. In order to minimize the Gamma dose rates are measured daily in all 47 prefectures. The values tend to decrease over time. For Fukushima,
liberation of radioactive material into the ocean, two sandbags filled with Zeolite were placed between the Inlet on 18 April a dose rate of 1.9 µSv/h was reported. In the Ibaraki prefecture, a gamma dose rate of 0.13 µSv/h was
Screen Pump Room of Unit 1 and Unit 2. Further, five sandbags filled with Zeolite were placed between the Inlet reported; in all other prefectures, reported gamma dose rates were below 0.1 µSv/h.
Screen Pump Room of Unit 2 andUnit 3 on 17 April. The Zeolite material is designed to capture specific radioactive
elements. It is intended to sample and analyze the Zeolite material periodically to determine the effectiveness of Dose rates are also reported specifically for the Eastern part of the Fukushima prefecture, for distances beyond
this procedure. 30 km from Fukushima-Daiichi. On 16 April, the values in this area ranged from 0.1 to 25 µSv/h.
The removal of debris (amount equivalent to 8 containers) using remote-control heavy machinery continued on In cooperation with local universities, MEXT has set up an additional monitoring programme, for 17 April,
16 April. measurements of the gamma dose rates were reported for 53 cities in 40 prefectures. In 43 cities, the gamma dose
rates were below 0.1 µSv/h. In 9 cities, gamma dose rates ranged from 0.12 to 0.17 µSv/h. In Fukushima City, a value
Nitrogen gas is being injected into the Unit 1 containment vessel to reduce the possibility of hydrogen combus- of 0.42 µSv/h was observed.
tion within the containment vessel. The pressure in this containment vessel has stabilised. The pressure in the RPV is
stable. Only in a few prefectures, I-131 or Cs-137 is detectable in drinking water at very low levels. As of 16 April, one
restriction for infants related to I-131 (100 Bq/l) is in place in a small scale water supply in a village of the Fukushima
In Unit 1, fresh water is being continuously injected into the RPV through the feed-water line at an indicated flow prefecture.
rate of 6 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. In Units 2 and 3, fresh water is being continu-
ously injected through the fire extinguisher lines at an indicated rate of 7 m3/h using temporary electric pumps with On 15 and 16 April, the IAEA Team made measurements at 44 different locations in the Fukushima area at distances
off-site power. ranging from 20 to 58 km, West from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. At these locations, the dose rates ranged
from 0.6 to 37 µSv/h. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged from
RPV temperatures remain above cold shutdown conditions in all Units, (typically less than 95°C). In Unit 1 the 0.03 to 2.8 Megabecquerel/m2. The highest values were observed at distances of less than 30 km from the power
temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 180°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 117°C. In Unit 2, the plant.
On 17 April, the IAEA Team made measurements at 17 different locations in the Fukushima area at distances ranging MEXT Off-shore Monitoring Programme
from 20 to 62 km, North and Northwest from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. At these locations, the dose rates
ranged from 0.4 to 3.3 µSv/h. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) initiated the off-shore monitoring
from 0.03 to 0.27 Megabecquerel/m2. program on 23 March and subsequently points 9 and 10 were added to the off-shore sampling scheme. On 4 April,
MEXT added two sampling points to the north and west of sampling point 1. These are referred to as points A and B
Analytical results related to food contamination were reported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and (see Map1: MEXT Seawater sampling Locations).
Welfare on 15 April (34 samples), 16 April (65 samples) and 17 April (51 samples). These reported analytical results
covered a total of 150 samples taken from 13 to 16 April. Analytical results for 146 of the 150 samples for various The last results reported on 18 April (sampling date 15 April) showed that Cs-137 and I-131 were detected at MEXT
vegetables, spinach and other leafy vegetables, shitake mushrooms, fruit (strawberry), seafood and unprocessed 4, 6 and 8. The highest concentrations were recorded at MEXT4 (below 200Bq/l for Cs-137 and about 160 Bq/l for
raw milk in nine prefectures (Chiba, Fukushima, Gunma, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Niigata, Saitama and Yamagata), I-131). At MEXT 6 and 8 sampling locations both C-s-137 and I-131 were reported at levels below about 40 Bq/l.
indicated that I-131, Cs-134 and/or Cs-137 were either not detected or were below the regulation values set by the
Japanese authorities. In Fukushima prefecture, three samples of shitake mushrooms taken on 14 April were above Map 1: MEXT Seawater Sampling Locations
the regulation value set by the Japanese authorities for Cs-134 and Cs-137. One sample of shitake mushrooms taken
on 14 April was above the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities for I-131 and/or Cs-134 and Cs-137.
On the 16 April, the restriction on the distribution of raw unprocessed milk produced in Fukushima was lifted in
25 areas (Fukushima city, Nihonmatsu city, Date city, Motomiya city, Kunimi town, Otama village, Furudono city,
Koriyama city, Sukagawa city, Tamura city (excluding former Toji village area), Miharu town, Ono town, Kagamiishi
town, Ishikawa town, Asakawa town, Hirata village, Shirakawa city, Yabuki town, Izumisaki village, Nakajima village,
Saigo village, Samekawa village, Hanawa town, Yamatsuri town, Iwaki city).
On the 17 April, the restriction on the distribution of Kakina and parsley produced throughout Ibaraki prefecture
was lifted. The restriction on the distribution of spinach from Ibaraki prefecture was also lifted with the exception of
spinach produced in the cities of Kitaibaraki and Takahagi.
3. Marine Monitoring
TEPCO Monitoring Programme
TEPCO is conducting a programme for seawater (surface sampling) at a number of near-shore and off-shore
monitoring locations. Following a directive from NISA, on 16 April TEPCO announced they will increase the number
of sea sampling points from 10 to 16. A further four points will be added at 3 km from the coast and two points will
be added at 8 km from the coast.
On some days, two samples were collected at the same sampling point, a few hours apart and analysed separately.
Until 3 April a general decreasing trend in radioactivity was observed at the sampling points TEPCO1 to TEPCO4.
After the discharge of contaminated water on 4 April, a temporary increase in radioactivity has been reported. Again
since 5 April, general downward in the concentration of radionuclides in sea water for all TEPCO sampling points has
been observed.
On the 18 April no new data for TEPCO sampling points have been reported.
Updates of 15 April 2011 2. Radiation Monitoring
On 14 April, depositions of both Iodine-131 and Caesium-137 were detected in 1 and 5 prefectures respectively. For
both I-131 and Cs-137, the depositions detected were below 20 Bq/m2 at all stations.
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (15 April 2011, 14:30 UTC)
Gamma dose rates are measured daily in all 47 prefectures. The values have tended to decrease over time. For
Presentation: Fukushima, on 14 April a dose rate of 2.0 µSv/h was reported. In the Ibaraki prefecture, a gamma dose rate of
 Summary of Reactor Status 0.14 µSv/h was reported. The gamma dose rates in all other prefectures were below 0.1 µSv/h.
(Note: The next written brief will be available on Monday 18 April unless there are any significant developments.) Dose rates are also reported specifically for the Eastern part of the Fukushima prefecture, for distances beyond
30 km from Fukushima Daiichi. On 14 April, the values in this area ranged from 0.1 to 21 µSv/h.
1. Current Situation
In cooperation with local universities, Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
Overall, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant remains very serious but there are early signs of has set up an additional monitoring programme and measurements of the gamma dose rates are made in 54 cities
recovery in some functions, such as electrical power and instrumentation. in 40 prefectures. As of 14 April, the gamma dose rates were below 0.1 µSv/h in 45 cities. In 8 cities, gamma dose
rates ranged from 0.13 to 0.17 µSv/h. In Fukushima City, a value of 0.42 µSv/h was observed.
Only in a few prefectures, I-131 or Cs-137 is detectable in drinking water at very low levels. As of 12 April, one
The transfer of contaminated water from the trench of the Unit 2 Turbine Building to the condenser started on restriction for infants related to I-131 (100 Bq/l) is in place in a smallscale water supply in a village of the Fukushima
12 April and continued on 13 April until approximately 660 tonnes were transferred. prefecture.
To minimize the movement of contaminated water to the open sea, temporary boards to stop water (3 steel plates On 14 April, an IAEA Team made measurements at 11 different locations in the Fukushima area at distances ranging
in total) were installed on 13 April on the ocean-side of the Inlet Bar Screen of Unit 2. from 15 to 39 km, South and Southwest from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. At these locations, the dose
rates ranged from 0.3 to 2.8 µSv/h. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged
Silt fences have also been installed in the inlet canal and in front of the Inlet Bar Screens of Units 1, 2, 3 and 4. from 0.16 to 2.5 MBq/ m2. The highest values were observed at distances of less than 23 km from the power plant.
On 11 April, a silt screen was installed at the southern end of the inlet canal. The installation in front of the Inlet Bar
Screen of Units 3 and 4 was completed on 13 April and for Units 1 and 2 on 14 April. NISA reported on 14 April that among approximately 300 workers at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, 28 have received
accumulated doses exceeding 100 mSv in the period related to this emergency. No worker has received a dose
As of 14 April, white smoke was still observed coming from Units 2 and 3. White smoke was also observed coming above Japan’s guidance value of 250 mSv for restricting the exposure of emergency workers.
from Unit 4 on the 14 April.
Analytical results related to food contamination were reported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and
On 13 April, Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) reported that the Tokyo Electric Power Compan Welfare on 14 April for a total of 50 samples taken from 11–14 April. Analytical results for all of the samples of
(TEPCO) had begun to install a backup line for providing fresh water to the Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPVs) at various vegetables, mushrooms, fruits (strawberry), various meats, seafood and unprocessed raw milk in ten
Units 1, 2, and 3. prefectures (Chiba, Fukushima, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Nagano, Niigata, Saitama, Tochigi and Yamagata)
indicated that I-131, Cs-134 and/or Cs-137 were either not detected or were below the regulation values set by the
In Unit 1, fresh water is being continuously injected into the RPV through the feed-water line at an indicated flow Japanese authorities.
rate of 6 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. In Units 2 and 3, fresh water is being continu-
ously injected through the fire extinguisher lines at an indicated rate of 7 m3/h using temporary electric pumps with On 14 April, the Prime Minister of Japan approved the lifting of restrictions on the distribution of kakina in Tochigi
off-site power. prefecture.
Nitrogen gas is being injected into the Unit 1 containment vessel to reduce the possibility of hydrogen combus- 3. Marine Monitoring
increasing as indicated on one channel of instrumentation. The other channel shows RPV pressure as stable. TEPCO Monitoring Programme
In Units 2 and 3 Reactor Pressure Vessel and Drywell pressures remain at atmospheric pressure.
TEPCO is conducting a programme for seawater (surface sampling) at a number of near-shore and off-shore
RPV temperatures remain above cold shutdown conditions in all Units, (typically less than 95°C). In Unit 1, the tem- monitoring locations (see Map1. TEPCO Seawater Sampling Locations).
perature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 197°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 119°C. In Unit 2, the tempera-
ture at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 150°C. In Unit 3 the temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is On some days, two samples were collected at the same sampling point, a few hours apart and analysed separately.
91°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 121°C.
Until 3 April a general decreasing trend in radioactivity was observed at the sampling points TEPCO1 to TEPCO4.
On 14 April, a concrete pump truck, with a capacity of 50t/h, began spraying fresh water to the Unit 3 spent fuel After the discharge of contaminated water on 4 April, a temporary increase in radioactivity was reported. Since
pool. In Unit 4, a sample of the water in the spent fuel pool was collected for analysis. 5 April, a general downward trend in the concentration of radionuclides in sea water for all TEPCO sampling points
has been observed.
There has been no change in status in Unit 5 and 6 and the Common Spent Fuel Storage Facility.
MEXT Off-shore Monitoring Programme
On 15 April, new data for TEPCO1-4 sampling points have been reported. At all four locations, the concentration of
both I-131 and Cs-137 measured on the 12 April was below 2kBq/l. MEXT initiated the off-shore monitoring program on 23rd March and subsequently points 9 and 10 were added to
the off-shore sampling scheme. On 4 April, MEXT added two sampling points to the north and west of sampling
For TEPCO 5–10 no new data have been reported. point 1. These are referred to as points A and B (see Map2: MEXT Seawater Sampling Locations).
The most recent results reported on 11 April showed that Cs-137 was only detected at MEXT 4 (below 100 Bq/l). The
Map1. TEPCO Seawater Sampling Locations: highest concentration of I-131 (about 90 Bq/l) was also recorded at MEXT4. For other sampling locations I-131 was
reported at levels below about 15 Bq/l.
On 15 April, no new data from any MEXT sampling points have been reported.
Map 2: MEXT Seawater Sampling Locations:
4. IAEA Activities
The 141st Session of the FAO Council was briefed by representatives of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division on the nuclear
emergency in Japan on Friday, 15 April at FAO Headquarters in Rome, Italy. The briefing included a general back-
ground summary of the emergency, the current situation in Japan, FAO/IAEA/WHO responses and actions taken to
date, and future challenges. The Member States expressed their appreciation for the IAEA/FAO/WHO interagency
collaboration and coordination during the Japanese nuclear emergency and called for strengthening cooperation in
future remediation actions.
On 13 April, deposition of both I-131 and Cs-137 was detected in 2 and 5 prefectures respectively. For both, I-131
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (14 April 2011, 15:30 UTC) and Cs-137, the depositions detected were below 20 Bq/m2 at all stations.
Presentation: Gamma dose rates are measured daily in all 47 prefectures. The values tend to decrease over time. For Fukushima,
 Summary of Reactor Status on 13 April a dose rate of 2.0 µSv/h was reported. In the Ibaraki prefecture, a gamma dose rate of 0.14 µSv/h was
reported. The gamma dose rates in all other prefectures were below 0.1 µSv/h.
On Thursday, 14 April 2011, the IAEA provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in
Japan: Dose rates are also reported specifically for the Eastern part of the Fukushima prefecture, for distances beyond
30 km from Fukushima-Daiichi. On 13 April, the values in this area ranged from 0.2 to 26 µSv/h.
In addition to the 7 measurements referred to in yesterday’s brief, (note- these measurements were made at
Overall, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi plant remains very serious but there are early signs of recovery in distances of 25 km and 33 km not 32 km and 62 km as reported), 13 more measurements were made on 12 April at
some functions such as electrical power and instrumentation. distances of 25 to 33 km, West and Northwest from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant by the IAEA team. At these
locations, the dose rates ranged from 0.5 to 16.5 µSv/h. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination
Earthquake of 13 April measurements ranged from 0.05 to 2.1 Megabecquerel/m2.
The NISA Press Release reported that an earthquake occurred at Hamadori in Fukushima prefecture on 13 April, at On 13 April, the IAEA Team made measurements at 7 different locations in the Fukushima area at distances
01:07 UTC. The earthquake had a moment magnitude of M 5.4 and was at a depth of 24.7 km, as reported by the ranging from 32 to 62 km, North and Northwest from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. At these loca-
IAEA International Seismic Safety Centre. The distances from the earthquake’s epicenter to Fukushima Daini and tions, the dose rates ranged from 0.35 to 2.6 µSv/h. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant were 67 and 75 km respectively. No unusual events have been reported at measurements ranged from 0.35 to 2.6 Megabecquerel/m2.
the near sites (Onagawa, Fukushima Daiichi, Fukushima Daini and Tokai).
Changes to Fukushima Daiichi Plant Status Welfare on 13 April that covered a total of 98 samples taken on 4 and 11 to 13 April. Analytical results for 76 of the
samples of various vegetables, pork, seafood and unprocessed raw milk in nine prefectures (Chiba, Fukushima,
Freshwater injection is confirmed to continue for Units 1 to 3. The transfer of contaminated water from Unit 2 Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Miyagi, Niigata, Saitama and Yamagata) indicated that I-131, Cs-134 and/or Cs-137 were
turbine building to the condenser was started (12 April) and suspended (13 April) to check for any leakage. either not detected or were below the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities. In Fukushima prefecture
Temperature at the Unit 1 outlet nozzle shows a decreasing trend continuously for several days now. on 11 April, twenty samples of various vegetables were above the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities
for Cs-134/Cs-137, and one sample of seafood (sand lance) and one sample of spinach were above the regulation
To minimize migration of contaminated water to the open sea, on the ocean-side of the Inlet Bar Screen of Unit 2, values set by the Japanese authorities for both I-131 and Cs-134/Cs-137.
the two temporary steel plates (3 plates in total) were installed to stop water from leaking out of the inlet bay
(around 08:30 untill 10:00, 13 April). In addition, a silt fence to prevent the spread of the contaminated water was
installed in front of the Screen of Units 3 and 4. (13:50 UTC, 13 April). 3. Marine Monitoring
In Unit 1 fresh water is being continuously injected into the RPV through the feed-water line at an indicated flow TEPCO Monitoring Programme
rate of 6 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. In Units 2 and 3 fresh water is being continu-
ously injected through the fire extinguisher lines at an indicated rate of 7 m3/h using temporary electric pumps with TEPCO is conducting a programme for seawater (surface sampling) at a number of near-shore and off-shore moni-
off-site power. toring locations. (See Map 1: TEPCO Seawater Sampling Locations).
Nitrogen gas is being injected into the Unit 1 containment vessel to reduce the possibility of hydrogen combus- On some days, two samples were collected at the same sampling point, a few hours apart and analysed separately.
increasing as indicated on one channel of instrumentation. The other channel shows RPV pressure as stable. Until 3 April a general decreasing trend in radioactivity was observed at the sampling points TEPCO 1 to TEPCO 4.
In Units 2 and 3 Reactor Pressure Vessel and Drywell pressures remain at atmospheric pressure. After the discharge of contaminated water on 4 April, a temporary increase in radioactivity has been reported.
RPV temperatures remain above cold shutdown conditions in all Units, (typically less than 95°C). In Unit 1 the On 11 April decreasing trends for both I-131 and Cs-137 concentrations of two orders of magnitude from near-shore
temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 206°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 119°C. In Unit 2 the (less than 10 kBq/l) to 15 km off-shore (0.1-0.02 kBq/l) were observed.
temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 167°C. In Unit 3 the temperature at the feed water nozzle of the
RPV is 92°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 119°C. On 14 April no new data for TEPCO 1–10 sampling points have been reported.
On 12 April in Units 3 and 4, fresh water (35 T and 195 T respectively) was sprayed over the Spent Fuel Pools using a
Concrete Pump Truck. A sample of the water in the spent fuel pool was collected for analysis.
There has been no change in status in Unit 5 and 6 and the Common Spent Fuel Storage Facility.
MEXT Off-shore Monitoring Programme Map 2: MEXT Seawater Sampling Locations:
Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) initiated the off-shore monitoring
program on 23 March and subsequently points 9 and 10 were added to the off-shore sampling scheme. On 4 April,
MEXT added two sampling points to the north and west of sampling point 1. These are referred to as points A and B.
(See Map 2: MEXT Seawater Sampling Locations).
On 11 April Cs-137 was only detected at MEXT 4 at a concentration level of about 70 Bq/l. The highest concentration
of I-131 (about 90 Bq/l) was also recorded at MEXT4. For other sampling locations I-131 was reported at levels below
about 15 Bq/l.
0n 14 April no new data for all MEXT sampling points have been reported.
Map 1: TEPCO Seawater Sampling Locations:
4. IAEA Activities
The 141st Session of the FAO Council will be briefed by representatives of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division on the nuclear
emergency in Japan on Friday, 15 April, at FAO Headquarters in Rome, Italy. The briefing will include a general back-
ground summary of the emergency, the current situation in Japan, FAO/IAEA/WHO responses and actions taken to
date, and future challenges.
Updates of 13 April 2011 RPV temperatures remain above cold shutdown conditions in all Units, (typically less than 95°C). In Unit 1 tempera-
ture at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 206°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 119°C. In Unit 2 the temperature at
the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 165°C. The temperature at the bottom of RPV was reported as 208°C (this meas-
urement has been available since the 12 April). In Unit 3 the temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 99°C
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (13 April 2011, 14:30 UTC) and at the bottom of the RPV is 116°C.
Presentation: There has been no change in status in Units 4, 5 and 6 and the Common Spent Fuel Storage Facility.
2. Radiation monitoring
On 12 April, deposition of both iodine-131 and caesium-137 was detected in 7 and 6 prefectures respectively.
Overall, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi plant remains very serious but there are early signs of recovery in The values reported for iodine-131 ranged from 1.6 to 460 Bq/m2 and for caesium-137 from 31 to 700 Bq/m2. The
some functions such as electrical power and instrumentation highest deposition was observed in the Ibaraki prefecture.
There have been no changes concerning the provisional INES Level 7 rating and protective measures as reported in Gamma dose rates are measured daily in all 47 prefectures, the values tend to decrease. For Fukushima, on 12 April
yesterday’s brief. a dose rate of 2.1 μSv/h, for the Ibaraki prefecture a gamma dose rate of 0.14 μSv/h was reported. The gamma dose
rates in all other prefectures were below 0.1 µSv/h.
Earthquakes of 11 and 12 April
Only in a few prefectures, iodine-131 or caesium-137 is detectable in drinking water at very low levels. As of 12 April,
The IEC received information from the IAEA International Seismic Safety Center on the following recent earthquakes a restriction for infants related to iodine-131 (100 Bq/l) is in place as a precautionary in a small scale water supply in
(equal or higher than magnitude Mw= 6.0) which occurred in the time interval from 23:08 UTC on 2011-04-11 to one village of the Fukushima prefecture.
05:07 UTC on 2011-04-12:
MEXT reported on measurements of strontium-89 (half-life: 50.5 days) and strontium-90 (half-life: 28.8 years) in three
1) At 23:08 UTC, 2011-04-11, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2 occurred offshore of the East Coast of Honshu, samples taken in one village in the Fukushima prefecture on 16 March. The activities in soil for Sr-89 ranged from
Japan) at a depth of 13.1 km. Distances from epicentre of the earthquake to NPP sites were: 188 km to Tokai, 217 km 13 and 260 Bq/kg and for Sr-90 between 3.3 and 32 Bq/kg. Sr-90 was also distributed globally during nuclear weap-
to Fukushima Daini, 229 km to Fukushima Daiichi, 236 km to Hamaoka and 285 km to Kashiwazaki-Kariwa. ons’ testing in the atmosphere, typical global levels of Sr-90 in surface soils are in the order of one to a few becquerel
per kg. Strontium was also measured in plant samples in four others villages, with values ranging from 12 to
2) At 05:07 UTC, 2011-04-12, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0 occurred inland east of Honshu, Japan at a 61 Bq/kg for Sr-89 and 1.8 to 5.9 Bq/kg for Sr-90.
depth of 10.6 km. Distances from epicentre of the earthquake to NPP sites were; 46 km to Fukushima Daini, 53 km to
Fukushima Daiichi, 72 km to Tokai, 165 km to Onagawa and 179 km to Kashiwazaki-Kariwa. On 12 April, the IAEA Team made measurements at 7 different locations in the Fukushima area at distances of 32 to
62 km, North and Northwest from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. At these locations, the dose rates ranged
NISA press release regarding the earthquake which occurred on 12 April, states that there was no effect on the from 0.6 to 1.6 µSv/h. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged from
following NPP sites: Fukushima Dai-ichi, Fukushima Dai-ni, Tokai Dai-ni, Onagawa. Other nuclear related facilities 0.6 to 1.7 Megabecquerel/m2.
(Mitsubishi Nuclear Fuel, Nuclear Fuel Industries Ltd., JAEA Tokai & its recycling plant) in Tokai area were reported to
be safe by their respective operators. NISA reported on 12 April that the three workers who had previously been exposed to high dose rates while
working in the turbine building of Unit 3 have undergone further medical checks. No negative outcomes were
Changes to Fukushima Daiichi Plant Status identified. In the case of the two workers who received doses of a few Sievert to their legs as a result of walking in
contaminated water, medical tests showed no evidence of either skin burns or erythema.
On 11 April, a fire broke out in the housing outlet structure for cooling water for Units 1–4. The fire was
extinguished manually. No consequences were identified in terms of release of radioactive material, cooling of the Analytical results related to food contamination were reported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and
plants, or values recorded by radiation monitoring posts. Welfare on 12 April that covered a total of 55 samples taken on the 8 and 10–12 April. Analytical results for 53 of
the samples of various vegetables, fruit (strawberry), seafood and unprocessed raw milk in eight prefectures (Chiba,
In Unit 1 fresh water is being continuously injected into the RPV through the feed-water line at an indicated flow Fukushima, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Niigata, Saitama and Yamagata) indicated that I-131, Cs-134 and/or Cs-137
rate of 6 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. In Units 2 and 3 fresh water is being continu- were either not detected or were below the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities. In Ibaraki prefec-
ously injected through the fire extinguisher lines at an indicated rate of 7 m3/h using temporary electric pumps with ture for samples taken on 11 April, one sample of seafood (sand lance) was above the regulation values set by the
off-site power. Japanese authorities for I-131 and one sample of spinach was above the regulation values set by the Japanese
authorities for Cs-134/Cs-137.
Nitrogen gas is being injected into the Unit 1 containment vessel to reduce the possibility of hydrogen combus-
tion within the containment vessel. The pressure in this containment vessel has stabilised. The pressure in the RPV is On 13 April, the Prime Minister of Japan requested the Governor of Fukushima prefecture to restrict the consump-
increasing as indicated on one channel of instrumentation. The other channel shows RPV pressure as stable. tion of shiitake mushrooms (grown on logs in open fields only) produced at Iitate-village until further notice.
Instructions were also issued to restrict the distribution of shiitake mushrooms (grown on logs in open fields only)
In Units 2 and 3 Reactor Pressure Vessel and Drywell pressures remain at atmospheric pressure. produced in the cities of Date, Soma, Minamisoma, Tamura and Iwaki; the towns of Shinchi, Kawamata, Namie,
Futaba, Ookuma, Tomioka, Naraha and Hirono, and; the villages of Iitate, Katsurao and Kawauchi until further notice.
3. Marine Monitoring MEXT Off-shore Monitoring Programme
TEPCO Monitoring Programme MEXT initiated the off-shore monitoring program on 23 March and subsequently points 9 and 10 were added to the
off-shore sampling scheme. On 4 April, MEXT added two sampling points to the north and west of sampling point 1.
TEPCO is conducting a programme for seawater (surface sampling) at a number of near-shore and off-shore These are referred to as points A and B (see Map 2).
monitoring locations (see Map 1).
Map 2: MEXT Seawater Sampling Locations:
Map 1: TEPCO Seawater Sampling Locations:
On same days, two samples were collected at the same sampling point, a few hours apart and analysed separately.
Until 3 April a general decreasing trend was observed at the sampling points TEPCO1 to TEPCO4. After the discharge On 13 April new data for samples collected on 11 April at MEXT 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 an B sampling points have been
of contaminated water on 4 April, a temporary increase has been reported. reported.
On 13 April new data for samples collected on 11 April at TEPCO1–10 sampling points have been reported. As for Cs-137 was only detected at MEXT 4 at a concentration level of about 70 Bq/l.
the near-shore stations TEPCO1, 3 and 4 levels of I-131 and Cs-137 below 1.5 kBq/l have been reported. At TEPCO 2,
for both I-131 and Cs-137 concentrations of about 7 kBq/l were measured. I-131 concentration of about 90 Bq/l was measured at Station MEXT4. At MEXT6, 8, 10 and B, I-131 below about
15 Bq/l was reported.
As for the six TEPCO stations 15 km offshore, at TEPCO 5-6-10 the concentration of I-131 was below 0.3 kBq/l
and that of Cs-137 below 0.2 kBq/l. At TEPCO 7 and 8, I-131 and Cs-137 below 0.05 kBq/l below 0.02 kBq/l were 4. IAEA Activities
measured. At TEPCO 9 concentrations of about 1 kBq/l of both I-131 and Cs-137 were recorded.
No new activities to report.
Updates of 12 April 2011 About the ‘Planned Evacuation Areas’, the Japanese authorities have found that the areas beyond 20 km radius
could be exposed to over 20mSv during the course of the next one year, approximately until next March. Therefore
the Government of Japan will be consulting with the local communities in terms of planned evacuations, ant at
this juncture they are hoping that this planned evacuation will be carried out during the next month to come. The
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (12 April 2011, 14:30 UTC) Planned Evacuation Areas that have been newly designated for evacuation include Kutsurao village, Namie town,
Iitate village, a part of Kawamata town and a part of Minami Souma City.
Presentations:
 Summary of Reactor Status The Government also defined a second new area called the ‘Evacuation Prepared Area’. This area includes the area
 Fukushima Radiological Monitoring and Consequences previously defined as the ‘Indoor Evacuation Area’ between 20 and 30 km from Fukushima Daiichi, but excludes
 Fukushima Marine Environment Monitoring those areas designated above as ‘Planned Evacuation Areas’.
 International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES)
 Watch Video Within the ‘Evacuation Prepared Area’ people living in this area should be prepared for indoor evacuation or evacu-
ation (outside of this area) in case of emergency. Voluntary evacuation is recommended within this area. Children,
On Tuesday, 12 April 2011, the IAEA provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in pregnant women, people who require nursing care and those who are hospitalized should not enter this area.
Japan: Kindergartens, pre-schools, elementary schools, junior-high schools and high school will be closed within this area.”
1. Current Situation Earthquake of 11 April
Overall, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi plant remains very serious, but there are early signs of recovery in The IAEA confirms that an earthquake occurred in Japan at 08:16 UTC, 11 April.
some functions such as electrical power and instrumentation.
The IAEA International Seismic Safety Centre rated it as a 6.6 magnitude, revised from an initial 7.1 magnitude. The
Provisional INES Level 7 Rating epicenter of the earthquake was in Fukushima Prefecture, 68 km from the Daiichi nuclear power plant. The epicenter
was inland at a depth of 13.1 km.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) can confirm that the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA)
has submitted a provisional International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES) Level 7 rating for the accident The IAEA contacted NISA who confirmed the following regarding the status of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power
at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. This new provisional rating considers the accidents that occurred plant:
at Units 1, 2 and 3 as a single event on INES and uses estimated total release to the atmosphere as a justification.
Previously, separate provisional INES Level 5 ratings had been applied for Units 1, 2 and 3. • No changes were observed on the readings at the on-site radiation monitoring posts;
• Workers were temporarily evacuated to the seismic evacuation shelter;
Japanese authorities notified the IAEA in advance of the public announcement and the formal submission of the • Off-site power was lost and water injection pumps for Units 1, 2 and 3 stopped but were restarted 50 minutes
new provisional rating. after the earthquake; and
• The injection of nitrogen into Unit 1 stopped and resumed later.
The provisional rating was determined by NISA after it received the results of the analysis conducted by the Japan
Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES). NISA then applied the INES assessment methodology to calculate the Changes to Fukushima Daiichi Plant Status
total estimated release in terms of radiological equivalence to I-131. Based on this provisional assessment, NISA
concluded that the accident would be provisionally rated INES Level 7 as per the definition below, taken from the In Unit 1 fresh water is being continuously injected into the RPV through the feed-water line at an indicated flow
INES User’s Manual, 2008 Edition [pdf ]: rate of 6 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. In Units 2 and 3 fresh water is being continu-
ously injected through the fire extinguisher lines at an indicated rate of 7 m3/h using temporary electric pumps with
Level 7 off-site power.
“An event resulting in an environmental release corresponding to a quantity of radioactivity radiologically equivalent to a Nitrogen gas is being injected into the Unit 1 containment vessel to reduce the possibility of hydrogen combustion
release to the atmosphere of more than several tens of thousands of terabequerels of I-131.” within the containment vessel. The pressure in this containment vessel is increasing due to the addition of nitrogen.
The pressure in the RPV is increasing as indicated on both channels of instrumentation. In Units 2 and 3 Reactor
NISA estimates that the release of radioactive material to the atmosphere is approximately 10% of the Chernobyl Pressure Vessel and Drywell pressures remain at atmospheric pressure.
accident, which is the only other accident to have an INES Level 7 rating.
RPV temperatures remain above cold shutdown conditions in all Units, (typically less than 95°C). In Unit 1 tempera-
Protective Measures ture at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 221°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 120°C. In Unit 2 the temperature at
the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 155°C. The temperature at the bottom of the RPV was not reported. In Unit 3 the
“On 11 April the Government of Japan announced that they had concluded to establish ‘Planned Evacuation Areas’ temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 97°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 111°C.
and ‘Evacuation prepared Area’ in the areas beyond the 20km radius from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power
plant. The review was conducted because the Government consider the safety of residents its first priority. There has been no change in status in Units 4, 5 and 6 and the Common Spent Fuel Storage Facility.
The Government of Japan considered the standards recommended by the International Commission on
Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as part of the review.
2. Radiation Monitoring IAEA Update on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (12 April 2011, 04:45 UTC)
On 11 April, deposition of both iodine-131 and caesium-137 was detected in 6 and 8 prefectures respectively. The The Japanese Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) today issued a new provisional rating for the accident at
values reported for iodine-131 ranged from 2.1 to 35 Bq/m2 and for caesium-137 from 5.2 to 41 Bq/m2. the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant on the IAEA International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES).
Gamma dose rates are measured daily in all 47 prefectures, the values tend to decrease. For Fukushima, on 11 April The nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi is now rated as a level 7 “Major Accident” on INES. Level 7 is the most
a dose rate of 2.1 µSv/h, for the Ibaraki prefecture a gamma dose rate of 0.15 µSv/h was reported. The gamma dose serious level on INES and is used to describe an event comprised of “A major release of radioactive material with
rates in all other prefectures were below 0.1 µSv/h.
widespread health and environmental effects requiring implementation of planned and extended countermeas-
ures”. Japanese authorities notified the IAEA in advance of the public announcement and the formal submission of
Dose rates are also reported specifically for the Eastern part of the Fukushima prefecture, for distances of more than the new provisional rating.
30 km to Fukushima-Daiichi. On 11 April, the values in this area ranged from 0.2 to 25 µSv/h.
The new provisional rating considers the accidents that occurred at Units 1, 2 and 3 as a single event on INES.
In an additional MEXT monitoring programme, on 11 April measurements were reported for 25 cities in 13 pre- Previously, separate INES Level 5 ratings had been applied for Units 1, 2 and 3. The provisional INES Level 3 rating
fectures. In Fukushima City, a value of 0.42 µSv/h was observed. In all other cities, gamma dose rates ranged from assigned for Unit 4 still applies.
0.04 to 0.13 µSv/h. Typical normal background levels are in the range of 0.05 to 0.10 µSv/h.
The re-evaluation of the Fukushima Daiichi provisional INES rating resulted from an estimate of the total amount
On 11 April, the IAEA Team made measurements at 9 different locations in the Fukushima area at distances of 30 to of radioactivity released to the environment from the nuclear plant. NISA estimates that the amount of radioactive
58 km, West to Northwest from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. At these locations, the dose rates ranged from material released to the atmosphere is approximately 10 percent of the 1986 Chernobyl accident, which is the only
0.1 to 2.2 µSv/h. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged from 0.01 to other nuclear accident to have been rated a Level 7 event.
0.28 Megabecquerel/m2.
Earlier ratings of the nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi were assessed as follows:
Welfare on 11 April, and covered a total of 21 samples taken on 8 April and 10 to 11 April. Analytical results for all of On 18 March, Japanese authorities rated the core damage at the Fukushima Daiichi 1, 2 and 3 reactor Units caused
the samples of various vegetables, spinach and other leafy vegetables, fruit (strawberries), various meats (chicken, by loss of all cooling function to have been at Level 5 on the INES scale. They further assessed that the loss of cooling
beef and pork), seafood and unprocessed raw milk in eight prefectures (Fukushima, Gunma, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Miyagi, and water supplying functions in the spent fuel pool of the Unit 4 reactor to have been rated at Level 3.
Niigata, Saitama and Yamagata) indicated that I-131, Cs-134 and/or Cs-137 were either not detected or were below
the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities. Japanese authorities may revise the INES rating at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant as further information
becomes available.
3. Marine Monitoring
INES is used to promptly and consistently communicate to the public the safety significance of events associated
TEPCO Monitoring Programme with sources of radiation. The scale runs from 0 (deviation) to 7 (major accident).
TEPCO is conducting a programme for seawater (surface sampling) at a number of near-shore and off-shore For further information on the INES scale: http://www-ns.iaea.org/tech-areas/emergency/ines.asp
monitoring locations.
Further details regarding this development can be found in the NISA Press Release [pdf ].
Until 3 April a general decreasing trend was observed at the sampling points TEPCO 1 to TEPCO 4. After the dis-
charge of contaminated water on 4 April, a temporary increase has been reported.
On 12 April no new data for TEPCO 1–10 sampling points have been reported.
MEXT Off-shore Monitoring Programme
As reported in the brief of 8 April MEXT initiated the off-shore monitoring program on 23 March and subsequently
points 9 and 10 were added to the off-shore sampling scheme. On 4 April, MEXT added two sampling points to the
north and west of sampling point 1. These are referred to as points A and B.
0n 12 April no new data for all MEXT sampling points have been reported.
4. IAEA Activities
In addition to countries that have already been identified in previous briefs, the Philippines and the Republic of
Korea have also provided monitoring data and/or links to their websites.
The team of three Agency experts in BWR technology is due back in Vienna today.
Updates of 11 April 2011 In Unit 1 fresh water is being continuously injected into the RPV through the feed-water line at an indicated
flow rate of 6 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. In Units 2 and 3 fresh water is being
continuously injected through the fire extinguisher lines at an indicated rate of 7 m3/h using temporary electric
pumps with off-site power.
In Unit 1 the pressure in the RPV is increasing, as indicated on both channels of instrumentation. In Units 2 and 3
Presentation: Reactor Pressure Vessel and Drywell pressures remain at atmospheric pressure.
RPV temperatures remain above cold shutdown conditions in all Units, ( typically less than 95°C). In Unit 1 tempera-
On Monday, 11 April 2011, the IAEA provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in ture at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 228°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 121oC. In Unit 2 the temperature at
Japan: the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 149°C. The temperature at the bottom of the RPV was not reported. In Unit 3 the
temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 92°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 111°C.
An additional 60 T of fresh water was injected via the Spent Fuel Cooling System line to the spent fuel pool in Unit 2
Earthquake of 7 April by a temporary pump on 10 April.
External power has been restored at all sites affected by the 7 April earthquake. There has been no change in status in Units 4, 5 and 6.
Earthquake of 11 April 2. Radiation Monitoring
The IAEA confirms that an earthquake occurred in Japan at 08:16 UTC 11 April. The IAEA International Seismic Safety On 10 April, deposition of both iodine-131 and caesium-137 was detected in 7 and 6 prefectures respectively.
Centre has rated it as a 6.6 magnitude, revised from an initial 7.1 magnitude. The epicenter of the earthquake is The values reported for iodine-131 ranged from 6.3 to 920 Bq/m2 and for caesium-137 from 7.9 to 800 Bq/m2. The
68 km from Daichi, 60 km from Daini, 61 km from Tokai 173 km from Kashiwazaki-Kariwa and 179 km from Onagawa highest deposition was reported for both, iodine-131 and caesium-137, in the prefecture of Ibaraki.
power plants. The epicenter was in land (37.01 N/140.48 E) at a depth of 13.1 km. The IAEA has been in contact with
NISA and can confirm the following. Based on a report by TEPCO, NISA confirms at the Fukushima Daiichi NPP. No Gamma dose rates are measured daily in all 47 prefectures, the values tend to decrease. For Fukushima, on 10 April
changes have been observed on the readings at the on-site radiation monitoring posts. Workers have been evacu- a dose rate of 2.2 µSv/h, for the Ibaraki prefecture a gamma dose rate of 0.15 µSv/h was reported. The gamma dose
ated to the seismic evacuation shelter. Off-site power was lost and water injection pumps for Units 1, 2 and 3 rates in all other prefectures were below 0.1 µSv/h.
stopped. NISA confirmed later that off-site power was restored and water injection resumed 50 minutes after the
earthquake. Dose rates are also reported specifically for the Eastern part of the Fukushima prefecture, for distances of more than
30 km to Fukushima-Daiichi. On 10 April, the values in this area ranged from 0.2 to 25 µSv/h.
MEXT has set up an additional monitoring programme, in cooperation with local universities, measurements are
Overall, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi plant remains very serious but there are early signs of recovery in made in 26 cities in 13 prefectures. As of 10 April, in 19 cities, the gamma dose rates were below 0.1 µSv/h.
some functions such as electrical power and instrumentation In 6 cities, gamma dose rates ranged from 0.13 to 0.17 µSv/h. In Fukushima City, a value of 0.42 µSv/h was observed.
Typical normal background levels are in the range of 0.05 to 0.10 µSv/h.
In Units 1, 2 and 3, 60 000 T of contaminated water need to be removed from the turbine buildings and trenches.
This water will be transferred to the condensers of each unit and the Radioactive Waste Treatment facility. In addi- Only in a few prefectures, iodine-131 or cesium-137 is detectable in drinking water at very low levels. As of 10 April,
tion, temporary storage tanks have been ordered to provide additional capacity for the water and will be located a restriction for infants related to iodine-131 (100 Bq/l) is in place as a precautionary measure in only one village of
adjacent to the Radioactive Waste Treatment facility. At Unit 1 and 2 water transfer from the condenser to the the Fukushima prefecture.
condensate storage tank was completed on 10 April.
On 10 April, the IAEA Team made measurements at 7 different locations in the Fukushima area at distances of 23 to
In order to make room for higher contaminated water from the turbine buildings and trenches, 1343 T of low level 39 km, South and Southwest from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. At these locations, the dose rates ranged
contaminated water from Units 5 and 6 sub-drain pit were released to the sea from April 4 to April 9th. In addition, from 0.4 to 1.6 µSv/h. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged from
9070 T of low level contaminated water was discharged from the Central Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility to the 0.01 to 0.18 Megabecquerel/m2.The highest beta-gamma contaminations have been determined at distances of less
south discharge point. than 30 km from Fukushima-Daiichi.
Nitrogen gas is being injected into the Unit 1 containment vessel to reduce the possibility of hydrogen combustion Analytical results related to food contamination, reported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
within the containment vessel. The pressure in this containment vessel is increasing due to the addition of nitrogen. from 8–10 April covered a total of 157 samples taken from 6–10 April. Analytical results for 153 of the 157 samples
for various vegetables, spinach and other leafy vegetables, shitake mushrooms, fruit (strawberry), pork, seafood
Since 6 April, TEPCO has been moving debris from Units 1 to 4 to a common storage area on-site using remote and unprocessed raw milk in eight prefectures (Chiba, Fukushima, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Nagano, Niigata and
controlled heavy equipment. Saitama), indicated that I-131, Cs-134 and/or Cs-137 were either not detected or were below the regulation values
set by the Japanese authorities. In Fukushima prefecture, one sample of seafood (sand lance) taken on 7 April was
On April 10 additional anti-scattering agent was sprayed in an area of about 550 m2 on the mountain-side of the above the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities for I-131 and three samples of shiitake mushrooms tak-
Common Spent Fuel Pool to prevent the radioactive materials on the ground from being scattered. en on 8 April were above the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities for I-131 and/or Cs-134 and Cs-137.
3. Marine Monitoring MEXT Off-shore Monitoring Programme
TEPCO Monitoring Programme As reported in the brief of 8 April MEXT initiated the off-shore monitoring program on 23 March and subsequently
points 9 and 10 were added to the off-shore sampling scheme. On 4 April, MEXT added two sampling points to the
As reported in the brief of 8 April TEPCO is conducting a programme for seawater (surface sampling) at a number of north and west of sampling point 1. These are referred to as points A and B on the map below.
near-shore and off-shore monitoring locations as illustrated in Map 1
Map 2: MEXT Seawater Sampling Locations
Map 1: TEPCO Seawater Sampling Locations
0n 11 April new data have been reported for MEXT 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 for 9 April sampling day.
Until 3 April a general decreasing trend was observed at the sampling points TEPCO1 to TEPCO4. After the d
ischarge At MEXT1 both I-131 and Cs-137 were no longer detectable. At MEXT3 an increase of the level of both I-131 and
of contaminated water on 4 April, a temporary increase has been reported. Cs-137 was recorded. At MEXT5 the level of I-131 decreased and Cs-137 was not detected. At MEXT7 and MEXT9 an
increase for I-131 was recorded and Cs-137 was no longer detectable.
On 11 April new data (8 April sampling day) for TEPCO1–4 sampling points have been reported. At the n ear-shore
sampling point TEPCO1 an increase from 2,2 kBq/l (7 April) to 19 kBq/l for I-131 and from 1.7 kBq/l (7 April) to No new data for the other sampling points have been reported at the date of 11 April 2011.
12 kBq/l for Cs-137 has been reported. As for TEPCO3 and TEPCO4 a further decrease as respect to the results for the
sampling day 7 April, in the concentration of I-131 and Cs-137 has been reported. At the sampling point TEPCO2 4. IAEA Activities
a decrease in the concentration of I-131 to about 50 kBq/l) and Cs-137 to about 34 kBq/l as respect to the results
obtained on the 7 April was observed. The team of three agency experts in BWR technology have concluded their mission with meetings with NISA,
MOFA(Ministry of Foreign Affaires), MEXT, Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), and Nuclear Safety Commission (NSC).
For the six sampling points TEPCO5 to TEPCO10 since April 7 no new data have been reported. The data since 7 April
have been summarized in the previous brief of 10 April.
IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 11 April 2011 / 06:00 UTC IAEA Update: New earthquake in Japan (11 April, 11:30 UTC)
The IAEA confirms that an earthquake occurred in Japan on 11 April at 08:16 UTC. The IAEA International Seismic
Unit 1 2 3 4 Safety Centre has rated it as a 6.6 magnitude, revised from an initial 7.1 magnitude. The epicenter of the earthquake
Power (MWe/MWth) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381 is 68 kilometres from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, 60 kilometres from the Fukushima Daini nuclear
power plant, 61 kilometres from Tokai Daini nuclear power plant, 173 kilometres from Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear
Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4 power plant, and 179 kilometres from Onagawa nuclear power plant. The epicenter was in land (37.01 N/140.48 E) at

a depth of 13.1 km.
Status at Time of EQ In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown Outage
The IAEA has been in contact with Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) and can confirm the status of
Core and Fuel Integrity Damaged Severe damage Damaged No fuel in the Reactor
the following nuclear facilities:
RPV temperature high but
RPV & RCS Integrity RPV temperature stable RPV temperature stable
stable Not applicable due to Fukushima Daiichi NPP
outage plant status
Containment Integrity No information Damage suspected Damage suspected
Based on a report by the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), NISA confirms that no changes have been
AC power available — AC power available — AC power available — AC Power available — observed on the readings at the on-site radiation monitoring posts. Workers have been evacuated to the seismic
Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation evacuation shelter. Off-site power was lost and water injection pumps for Units 1, 2 and 3 stopped.
AC Power
Lighting to Central Control Lighting to Central Control Lighting to Central Control — Lighting to Central
Room Room Room Control Room
NISA confirms later that off-site power was restored and water injection resumed 50 minutes after the earthquake.
Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage
Fukushima Daini NPP
Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is
Water Level of RPV
uncovered uncovered uncovered
NISA confirms that no changes have been observed on the readings at the on-site radiation monitoring posts and
Pressure of RPV Increasing Stable Stable that off-site power remained available.
CV Pressure Drywell Increasing Stable Stable Not applicable due to Onagawa NPP
outage plant status
Injection of freshwater — Injection of freshwater — Injection of freshwater —
Water Injection to RPV via mobile electric pump via mobile electric pump via mobile electric pump The five off-site power lines remain available. No changes have been observed on the readings at the on-site
with off-site power with off-site power with off-site power radiation monitoring posts.
Water Injection to CV No information No information No information
Tokai Daini NPP
Freshwater spraying Freshwater injection via
Freshwater injection to the Freshwater injected by
Spent Fuel Pool Status completed by Concrete Fuel Pool Cooling Line and Tokai Daini nuclear power plant remains in cold shutdown since the 11 March earthquake. No abnormality has been
Fuel Pool Cooling Line concrete pump truck
Pump Truck Periodic spraying observed.
Unit 5 6 Severe Conditions

Power 784/2381 1100/3293
Type of Reactor BWR-4 BWR-5 Concern
Status at the EQ Occurred Outage Outage
Core and Fuel No Immediate
Concern
RPV & RCS Integrity
Containment Integrity
AC Power
Building Cold Shutdown Cold Shutdown
Being maintained using off-site Being maintained using off-site
Water Level of RPV
electrical power and electrical power and
Pressure of RPV existing plant equipment. existing plant equipment.
Containment Pressure
Water Injection to RPV
Water Injection to CV
Spent Fuel Pool Status
On 9 April, deposition of both iodine-131 and caesium-137 was detected in 5 and 6 prefectures respectively. The
values reported for iodine-131 ranged from 7.8 to 650 becquerel per square metre and for caesium-137 from 3.3 to
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (10 April 2011, 15:00 UTC) 370 becquerel per square metre. The highest deposition was reported for both, iodine-131 and caesium-137, in the
prefecture of Ibaraki.
Presentation:
 Summary of Reactor Status Gamma dose rates are measured daily in all 47 prefectures, the values tend to decrease. Dose rates are also reported
daily for the Eastern part of the Fukushima prefecture, these values are decreasing as well. As of 9 April, the gamma
On Sunday, 10 April 2011, the IAEA provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in dose rates, reported for distances of more than 30 km to Fukushima-Daiichi, ranged from 0.2 to 26 μSv/h.
Japan:
In an additional monitoring programme, set up by MEXT in cooperation with local universities, measurements
1. Current Situation are made in 27 cities in 14 prefectures. As of 9th April, in 19 cities, the gamma dose rates were below 0.1 μSv/h. In
7 cities, gamma dose rates range from 0.13 to 0.21 μSv/h. In Fukushima City, a value of 0.46 μSv/h was observed.
Earthquake of 7 April Typical normal background levels are in the range of 0.05 to 0.10 μSv/hr.
External power has been restored at all sites affected by the 7 April earthquake. The 3 litres of water that were spilled As of 7 April, iodine-131 and caesium-137 was detectable in drinking water in a few prefectures at levels far below
at Onagawa NPP have been cleaned up. those that would trigger recommendations for restrictions of drinking water. As of 7 April, one restriction for infants
related to I-131 (100 Bq/l) is in place as a precautionary measure in only one village of the Fukushima p
refecture.
On 9 April, the IAEA Team made measurements at 8 different locations in the Fukushima area at distances of 32 to
Overall, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi plant remains very serious but there are early signs of recovery in 62 km, North and North West from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. At these locations, the dose rates ranged
some functions such as electrical power and instrumentation. from 0.4 to 3.7 microsievert per hour. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements
ranged from 0.03 to 0.19 Megabecquerel per square metre.
In Units 1, 2 and 3, 60 000 tons of contaminated water need to be removed from the turbine buildings and
trenches. This water will be transferred to the condensers of each unit and the Radioactive Waste Treatment f acility. 3. Marine Monitoring
In addition, temporary storage tanks have been ordered to provide additional capacity for the water and will be
located adjacent to the Radioactive Waste Treatment facility. In Unit 2 water transfer from the condenser to the As reported in the brief of 8 April TEPCO is conducting a programme for seawater (surface sampling) at a number of
condensate storage tank was completed on 9 April. near-shore and off-shore monitoring locations as illustrated in Map 1
Nitrogen gas is being injected into the Unit 1 containment vessel to reduce the possibility of hydrogen combustion Map 1: TEPCO Seawater Sampling Locations
within the containment vessel. The pressure in this containment vessel is increasing due to the addition of nitrogen.
Until 3 April a general decreasing
In Unit 1 fresh water is being continuously injected into the reactor pressure vessel through feed-water line at an trend was observed at the sampling
indicated flow rate of 6 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. In Units 2 and 3 fresh water is points TEPCO 1 to TEPCO 4. After the
being continuously injected through the fire extinguisher lines at indicated rates of 7 m3/h and 7 m3/h respectively discharge of contaminated water on
using temporary electric pumps with off-site power. 4 April, a temporary increase has been
reported. On 10 April new data
In Unit 1 the pressure in the RPV is increasing as indicated on both channels of instrumentation. NISA has indicated (7 April sampling day) for all TEPCO
that some instruments in the reactor vessel may not be working properly. In Units 2 and 3 Reactor Pressure Vessel sampling points have been reported.
and Drywell pressures remain at atmospheric pressure. At the near-shore sampling points
TEPCO 1, TEPCO 3 and TEPCO 4 a
RPV temperatures remain above cold shutdown conditions, typically less than 95°C. In Unit 1 temperature at further decrease with respect to the
the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 235°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 120°C. In Unit 2 the temperature at the results for the sampling day 5 April, in
feed water nozzle of the RPV is 145°C. The temperature at the bottom of the RPV was not reported. In Unit 3 the the concentration of I-131 and
temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 97°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 109°C. Cs-137 have been reported. At the
sampling point TEPCO 2 a further
The concrete pump vehicle sprayed fresh water (90 T) to the spent fuel pool in Unit 4 on 9 April. increase in the concentration of I-131
(from about 40 kBq/l on 6 April to
There has been no change in status in Units 4, 5 and 6 and the Common Spent Fuel Storage Facility about 150 kBq/l) and Cs-137 (from
about 25 kBq/l on 6 April to about
65 kBq/l) was observed.
In addition to those reported in previous briefs the following countries have submitted monitoring data and/or links
For the six sampling points TEPCO 5 to TEPCO 10 on April 7 the following has been reported: as TEPCO 5, TEPCO6 to national websites where data is available: USA, Czech Republic and Latvia.
and TEPCO10 a further decrease of the levels of I-131 below 0.2 kBq/l and of Cs-137 below 0.1 kBq/l were measured.
At TEPCO7 an increase of the level of I-131 has been recorded. At TEPCO8 and TEPCO9 an increase in the levels of IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 10 April 2011 / 07:00 UTC
both I-131 and Cs-137 has been measured. The reading at TEPCO 9 is from about 0.07 kBq/l (6 April) to about
0.37 kBq/l for I-131 and from about 0.05 kBq/l to about 0.21 kBq/l for Cs-137. Unit 1 2 3 4

MEXT Off-shore Monitoring Programme Power (MWe/MWth) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381
As reported in the brief of 8 April MEXT initiated the off-shore monitoring program on 23 March and subsequently Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4
points 9 and 10 added to the off-shore sampling scheme. On 4 April, MEXT added two sampling points to the north
and west of sampling point 1. These are referred to as points A and B on the map below.
Map 2: MEXT Seawater Sampling Locations
stable Not applicable due to
outage plant status
AC power available — AC power available — AC power available — AC Power available —

Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation
AC Power

Water Level of RPV
Pressure of RPV Increasing Stable Stable
CV Pressure Drywell Increasing Stable Stable Not applicable due to

outage plant status
Water Injection to RPV via mobile electric pump via mobile electric pump via mobile electric pump
with off-site power with off-site power with off-site power
Freshwater spraying Freshwater injection via

Freshwater injection to the Freshwater injected by
Spent Fuel Pool Status completed by Concrete Fuel Pool Cooling Line and
Fuel Pool Cooling Line concrete pump truck
Pump Truck Periodic spraying

Power 784/2381 1100/3293
Type of Reactor BWR-4 BWR-5
Concern
On 10 April new data have been reported (7 April sampling day) for the sampling points MEXT6 and MEXT10. At Core and Fuel No Immediate
MEXT6 sampling point an increase in I-131 (from about 18 Bq/l on 3 April to about 57Bq/l) and Cs-137 (from about RPV & RCS Integrity Concern
10Bq/l on 3 April to about 20 Bq/l) has been measured. At MEXT10 the level of I-131 remains about 35 Bq/l as on the Containment Integrity
3 of April; Cs-137 is no longer d
etectable.
AC Power
No new data for the other sampling points have been reported at the date of 10 April. Being maintained using off-site Being maintained using off-site
Water Level of RPV
4. IAEA Activities Pressure of RPV existing plant equipment. existing plant equipment.
The team of three agency experts in BWR technology will conclude their mission on Monday with meetings with NISA,
MOFA(Ministry of Foreign Affairs), MEXT, Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), and Nuclear Safety Commission (NSC).
On 8 April, low levels of deposition of both iodine-131 and caesium-137 were detected in 10 and 7 prefectures
respectively. The values reported for iodine-131 ranged from 1 to 46 becquerel per square metre, for caesium-137
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (9 April 2011, 15:00 UTC) from 5 to 42 becquerel per square metre.
Presentation: Gamma dose rates are measured daily in all 47 prefectures and the values continue to decrease. For Fukushima,
 Summary of Reactor Status on 8 April a dose rate of 2.3 µSv/h, for the Ibaraki prefecture a gamma dose rate of 0.15 µSv/h were reported. The
gamma dose rates reported for the other 45 prefectures were below 0.1µSv/h.
On Saturday, 9 April 2011, the IAEA provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in
Japan: Since the end of March, MEXT has set up an additional monitoring programme in cooperation with local universi-
ties. Measurements are made in 26 cities in 13 prefectures. As of 8 April, in 17 cities, the gamma dose rates were
1. Current Situation below 0.1 µSv/h. In 8 other cities, gamma dose rates ranged from 0.13 to 0.17 µSv/h, In Fukushima City, a value of
0.42 µSv/h was observed. Typical normal background levels are in the range 0.05 to 0.1 µSv/hr.
Earthquake of 7 April
The IAEA Team in Fukushima made measurements on the 8 April at 8 different locations at distances of 24 to 42 km,
The IAEA confirms that an earthquake occurred in Japan at 14:32 UTC 7 April. The IAEA International Seismic Safety in Northwesterly directions from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. At these locations, the dose rates ranged from
Centre has rated it as a 7.1 magnitude, revised from an initial 7.4 magnitude. The epicenter of the earthquake was 1.6 to 56 microsievert per hour. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged
20 km from the Onagawa nuclear power plant and approximately 120 km from the Fukushima Daiichi and Daini from 0.2 to 5.0 Megabecquerel per square metre. The highest beta-gamma contaminations have been determined
nuclear power plants. With the recovery of external power at the Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant, all sites reported on at distances of less than 30 km.
yesterday have external power.
Since our written brief of yesterday, data related to food contamination has not been reported. However, on 8 April
Changes to Fukushima Daiichi Plant Status the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare reported that the Emergency Response headquarters had approved
the lifting of restrictions on the distribution of unprocessed raw milk in certain locations in Fukushima prefecture
In Units 1, 2 and 3, 60 000 tons of contaminated water need to be removed from the turbine buildings and (city of Kitakata and the towns of Aizumisato, Bandai, Inawashiro, Michima, Minamiaizu and Simogo) and on the
trenches. This water will be transferred to the condensers of each unit and the Radioactive Waste Treatment f acility. distribution of spinach and kakina in Gunma prefecture.
In a ddition, temporary storage tanks have been ordered to provide additional capacity for the water and will be
located adjacent to the Radioactive Waste Treatment facility. As reported in the brief of 8 April TEPCO is conducting a programme for seawater (surface sampling) at a number of
near-shore and off-shore monitoring locations as illustrated in the Map 1.
Nitrogen gas is continuing to be injected into the Unit 1 containment vessel to reduce the possibility of hydrogen
combustion within the containment vessel. The pressure in this containment vessel is increasing due to the addition Map 1: TEPCO Seawater Sampling Locations
of nitrogen.
In Unit 1 fresh water is being continuously injected into the reactor pressure vessel through feed-water line at an
indicated flow rate of 6 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. In Units 2 and 3 fresh water is
being continuously injected through the fire extinguisher lines at indicated rates of 8 m3/h and 7 m3/h respectively
using temporary electric pumps with off-site power.
In Unit 1 the pressure in the RPV is increasing as indicated on both channels of instrumentation. NISA has indicated
that some instruments in the reactor vessel may not be working properly. In Units 2 and 3 Reactor Pressure Vessel
and Drywell pressures remain at atmospheric pressure.
RPV temperatures remain above cold shutdown conditions, typically less than 95°C. In Unit 1 temperature at
the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 246°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 119°C. In Unit 2 the temperature at the
feed water nozzle of the RPV is 141°C. The temperature at the bottom of the RPV was not reported. In Unit 3 the
temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 89°C and at the bottom of the RPV is 110°C.
The concrete pump vehicle continued to spray fresh water to the spent fuel pool in Unit 3 on 8 April.
There has been no change in status in Units 4, 5 and 6 and the Common Spent Fuel Storage Facility
Until 3 April a general decreasing trend was observed at the sampling points TEPCO 1 to TEPCO 4. After the
discharge of contaminated water on 4 April, a temporary increase has been reported. IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 9 April 2011 / 07:00 UTC
On 6 April at the near-shore sampling points TEPCO 1, TEPCO 3 and TEPCO 4 a decrease in the concentration of I-131 Unit 1 2 3 4
and Cs-137 have been reported. However, at the sampling point TEPCO 2 an increase in the concentration of I-131
Power (MWe/MWth) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381
(from about 20 kBq/l on 5 April to about 40 kBq/l) and Cs-137 (from about 15 kBq/l on 5 April to about
25 kBq/l) was observed. Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4

For the six sampling points TEPCO 5 to TEPCO 10 on 6 April levels of I-131 below 0.4 kBq/l and Cs-137 below Status at Time of EQ In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown Outage
0.2 kBq/l were measured.
MEXT Off-shore Monitoring Programme RPV temperature high but
As reported in the brief of 8 April, MEXT initiated the off-shore monitoring program on 23 March and s ubsequently outage plant status
points 9 and 10 were added to the off-shore sampling scheme. On 4 April, MEXT added two f urther sampling points
to the north and west of sampling point 1. These are referred to as points A and B on the map below. AC power available — AC power available — AC power available — AC Power available —
AC Power
Map 2: MEXT Seawater Sampling Locations Lighting to Central Control Lighting to Central Control Lighting to Central Control — Lighting to Central

Water Level of RPV

outage plant status
Freshwater spraying Freshwater injection via Freshwater spraying

Freshwater injection to the
Spent Fuel Pool Status completed by Concrete Fuel Pool Cooling Line and completed by Concrete
Fuel Pool Cooling Line
Pump Truck Periodic spraying Pump Truck

Power 784/2381 1100/3293
Concern
RPV & RCS Integrity
AC Power
0n 9 April new data have been reported for samples taken on the 5 April. These data were for the sampling points
MEXT3 and MEXT5. At MEXT3 there was an increase from about 3 Bq/l on 1 April to about 10 Bq/l on 5 April for I-131. Building Cold Shutdown Cold Shutdown
At MEXT5 there was an increase from about 12 Bq/l on 1 April to about 65 Bq/l for I-131and from about 15 Bq/l to Being maintained using off-site Being maintained using off-site
Water Level of RPV
about 40 Bq/l for Cs-137 on 5 April. electrical power and electrical power and
No new data for the other sampling points have been reported. Containment Pressure
3. IAEA Activities
A team of three agency experts in BWR technology continue to meet with TEPCO and NISA officials in Tokyo. Spent Fuel Pool Status
Updates of 8 April 2011 Tomari Nuclear Power Plant (in Hokkaido)
At the time of the 7 April earthquake Tomari Unit 1 and Unit 2 were in operation. Following the 7 April earthquake,
the Hokkaido Electric Power Company reduced the generating power to 90% of capacity.
Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant
Presentation:
 Summary of Reactor Status The Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant and uranium enrichment facility lost off-site power. Emergency power supply to
the site is operating.
On Friday, 8 April 2011, the IAEA provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in Japan:
1. Earthquake of 7 April
Overall, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi plant remains very serious although there are early signs of recovery
The IAEA confirms that an earthquake occurred in Japan at 14:32 UTC, 7 April. The IAEA International Seismic Safety in some functions such as electrical power and instrumentation.
Centre has rated it as a 7.1 magnitude, revised from an initial 7.4 magnitude. The epicenter of the earthquake was
20 km from the Onagawa nuclear power plant and approximately 120 km from the Fukushima Daiichi and Daini As of 6 April, TEPCO started injecting nitrogen gas to Unit 1 containment vessel to reduce the possibility of
nuclear power plants. hydrogen combustion within the containment vessel.
The IAEA has been in contact with NISA and can confirm the status of the following nuclear facilities: The leakage of highly contaminated water from the 20 cm crack in the cable storage pit of Unit 2 directly to the sea
reported on 2 April was stopped by injection of coagulation agents (liquid glass) on 5 April. Additional activities to
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant secure the leak were reported finished on 6 April.
No changes have been observed at the on-site radiation monitoring posts. The injection of water into the reactor To prevent discharge of contaminated water from the Fukushima Plant to the open sea, construction work was
pressure vessels of Units 1, 2 and 3 was not interrupted. carried out at the breakwater in the southern part of the Plant on 5 April.
Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant In Unit 1 fresh water has been continuously injected into the reactor pressure vessel through feed-water line at an
indicated flow rate of 6 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. In Units 2 and 3 fresh water is
No changes have been observed of the readings at the on-site radiation monitoring posts. being injected into the reactor pressure vessels continuously through the fire extinguisher lines at indicated rates of
8 m3/h and 7 m3/h using temporary electric pumps with off-site power.
Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant
The reactor pressure vessels’ temperatures remain above cold shutdown conditions (normally less than 95°C). In
All reactors have been in cold shutdown since 11 March earthquake. Unit 1 indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 224°C and at the bottom of RPV is 117°C. The
pressure in the RPV is increasing as indicated on both channels of instrumentation. NISA has indicated that some
Two out of the three lines supplying off-site power to the site were lost following the 7 April earthquake. Off-site instruments in the reactor vessel may not be working properly. Drywell pressure is increasing slightly due to the
power continues to be supplied through the third line. addition of nitrogen. In Unit 2 the indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 144°C. The tempera-
ture at the bottom of RPV was not reported. Indicated Drywell pressure remains at atmospheric pressure. In Unit 3
Cooling of the spent fuel pool was temporarily lost, but has subsequently been restored. the indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 88°C and at the bottom of RPV is 112°C. Fresh water
was sprayed onto the spent fuel pool by concrete pump vehicle (50t/h) from 21:53 UTC, 6 April.
No change has been observed in the readings from the on-site radiation monitoring post. The status of the plant is
currently being checked. No change in status in Units 4, 5 and 6 and the Common Spent Fuel Storage Facility.
Tokai Daini Nuclear Power Plant 3. Radiation Monitoring
Tokai Daini nuclear power plant remains in cold shutdown since the 11 March earthquake. No abnormality has been On 7 April, low levels of deposition of both iodine-131 and caesium-137 were detected in 5 and 4 prefectures
observed. respectively. The values reported for iodine-131 ranged from 3.8 to 20 becquerel per square metre, for caesium-137
from 9.7 to 25 becquerel per square metre.
Higashidori Nuclear Power Plant
Gamma dose rates continue to decrease. For Fukushima, on 7 April a dose rate of 2.3 µSv/h, for the Ibaraki pre-
The Higashidori nuclear power plant was shut down and in a maintenance outage at the time of the 7 April earth- fecture a gamma dose rate of 0.16 µSv/h was reported. Dose rates reported for the Eastern part of the Fukushima
quake. Off-site power was lost temporarily. Emergency power supply to the site operated as expected until off-site prefecture, for distances of more than 30 km to Fukushima-Daiichi, range from 0.2 to 28 µSv/h.
power was restored. All the fuel had been removed from the reactor core and stored in the spent fuel pool. Cooling
of the spent fuel pool is operational. As part of a new measurement program carried out by MEXT in cooperation with universities, gamma dose rates
have also been measured in 26 cities in 13 prefectures for the period 5 to 7 April. In 19 cities, all measurements
are below 0.1µSv/h. In a further five cities, some measurements are up to 0.21µSv/h. In the city of Tsukuba in the
prefecture of Ibaraki, dose rates are in the range 0.17 to 0.2 0 µSv/h. In Fukushima City, the range is 0.42 to 0.5 µSv/h. IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 8 April 2011 / 07:00 UTC
typical normal background levels are in the range 0.05 to 0.1 µSv/h.
As of 6 April, iodine-131 and cesium-137 was detectable in drinking water in a few prefectures at levels far below those Unit 1 2 3 4
that would initiate recommendations for restrictions of drinking water. As of 7 April, one restriction for infants related
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to I-131 (100 Bq/l) remains in place as a precautionary measure in only one village of the Fukushima prefecture.
Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4
Since our written briefing of yesterday, data related to food contamination was reported on 7 April by the Japanese
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. These reported analytical results covered a total of 63 samples taken from Status at Time of EQ In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown Outage
5–7 April. Analytical results for 62 of the 63 samples for various vegetables, spinach and other leafy vegetables,
various meats, unprocessed raw milk and seafood in nine prefectures (Chiba, Fukushima, Gunma, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Core and Fuel Integrity Damaged Severe damage Damaged No fuel in the Reactor
Kanagawa, Niigata, Tochigi and Yamagata) indicated that I-131, Cs-134 and/or Cs-137 were either not detected or RPV temperature high but
were below the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities. One sample of spinach (grown outdoors) taken on stable Not applicable due to
6 April in Ibaraki prefecture was above the regulation value set by the Japanese authorities for I-131. outage plant status
TEPCO is conducting a programme for seawater (surface sampling) at a number of near-shore and off-shore m onitoring AC power available — AC power available — AC power available — AC Power available —
locations. The near-shore sampling point for Daiichi Units 1–4 is located 330 m south of their common discharge point. AC Power
The near-shore sampling point for Daiichi Units 5 and 6 is located 30 m north of their common discharge point. Lighting to Central Control Lighting to Central Control Lighting to Central Control — Lighting to Central
Until 3 April a general decreasing trend was observed at these sampling points. After the discharge of contaminated Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage
water on 4 April, a temporary increase has been reported. On 5 April a decrease was again observed at these points.
Water Level of RPV
At the Daini site, near-shore samples are being collected at two locations: directly north of the common discharge
point of Daini, and close to Iwasawa Beach, which is south of Daini nuclear power plant. The latter monitoring point Pressure of RPV Increasing Stable Stable
is 16 km south of Daiichi nuclear power plant on the northern boundary of TEPCO’s Hirono thermal power plant.
Starting from 2 April, TEPCO collected samples at three additional sampling points lying on a north-south transect CV Pressure Drywell Increasing Stable Stable Not applicable due to
that runs parallel to the coast but at a distance of 15 km from the shore. On 4 April, a further set of three sampling outage plant status
points, also at 15 km from the shore, was added. All six sampling locations lie along a north-south transect. Water Injection to RPV via mobile electric pump via mobile electric pump via mobile electric pump
Since 5 April TEPCO is sampling daily at 6 points situated 15 km offshore along a north-south transect. Levels of
radionuclides reported at these locations for 5 of April are in the range 57–200 Bq/l for I-131, 57–310 Bq/l for Cs-134 Water Injection to CV No information No information No information
and 18–320 Bq/l for Cs-137. Values of Cs-134 and Cs-137 measured at the sampling points situated at the North and Freshwater spraying Freshwater injection via Freshwater spraying
South ends of the transect are considerably lower than those measured at the stations directly offshore from the Freshwater injection to the
release points. Fuel Pool Cooling Line
MEXT initiated the off-shore monitoring program on 23 March. Initially, the monitoring was carried out at 8 points Unit 5 6
lying on a north-south transect parallel to the coast and 30 km off-shore. Sampling points 1 to 8 are separated by Severe Conditions
about 10 km. On 28 March, points 9 and 10 were added to the off-shore sampling scheme. Points 8, 9 and 10 lie Power 784/2381 1100/3293
in one line perpendicular to the coast. Points 8 to 10 are also separated by 10 km. On 4 of April MEXT added two Type of Reactor BWR-4 BWR-5 Concern
sampling points to the north-west of sampling point 1. These are referred as point A and B. Monitoring at off-shore
points consist of:
Concern
• Measurements of ambient dose rate in air; RPV & RCS Integrity
• Collection and analysis of surface sample of seawater; and Containment Integrity
• Collection and analysis of samples of sea water collected 10 metres above the sea water bottom.
AC Power
On 8 April the only data reported concerned the 15 km offshore north-south transect. Building Cold Shutdown Cold Shutdown
Water Level of RPV
4. IAEA Activities electrical power and electrical power and
A team of three Agency experts in BWR technology continue to meet with TEPCO and NISA officials in Tokyo and are Containment Pressure
expected to be back in Vienna on 13 April 2011. Water Injection to RPV
In addition to those reported in previous briefs the following countries have submitted monitoring data and/or links
to national websites where data is available: Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico and Portugal. Spent Fuel Pool Status
Updates of 7 April 2011 As of 5th April, I-131 and Cs-134/137 was detectable in drinking water in a small number of prefectures. All values
were well below levels that would initiate recommendations for restrictions of drinking water. As of 6th April, one
restriction for infants related to I-131 (100 Bq/l) is in place as a precautionary measure in only one village of the
Fukushima prefecture.
TEPCO is responsible for near-shore sampling, taking samples of surface seawater. Samples near discharge areas are
Presentations: collected daily. Until 3rd April a general decreasing trend was observed. However, after the discharge of contami-
 Summary of Reactor Status nated water at 4th April, an increase from about 11 kBq/l as measured at 09:00 to 41 kBq/l at 14:00 for I-131; from
 Status of Fukushima Units 5.1 kBq/l at 09:00 to 19 kBq/l for both, Cs-134 and Cs-137 at 14:00 was recorded. On the 5th April a decrease was
 Fukushima Radiological Monitoring and Consequences observed as compared to the previous day, with seawater concentration of 5 kBq/l for Cs-137 and 11 kBq/l for I-131.
 Fukushima Marine Environment Monitoring
 Watch Video Since 4th April TEPCO added 3 new sampling points 15 km offshore, in addition to the already established 3 sam-
pling points at the same distance, this resulting in a total of 6 sampling points situated along a north-south transect
1. Current Situation at a distance of 15 km from the coast.
Overall, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi plant remains very serious although there are early signs of recovery Levels of radionuclides reported at these l°ations for the 5th of April are in the range 57–200 Bq/l for I-131,
in some functions such as electrical power and instrumentation. 18–310 Bq/l for Cs-134 and 18–320 Bq/l for Cs-137.
On 6th April it was reported that the leakage of water from the sidewall of the pit closest to the sea has stopped There were no new data for 30 km off shore monitoring, carried out under the responsibility of MEXT, compared to
after coagulation agents (liquid glass) were injected into the holes drilled around the pits. Work continues to prevent yesterday’s briefing.
further releases to the sea.
On 6th April the marine expert from the IAEA Environment Laboratories Monaco completed his mission in Japan.
According to the TEPCO Press Release of 4th April, approximately 10 000 T of water from the radioactive waste From the 2nd to 4th April he embarked on the research vessel MIRAI to observe the sampling conducted 30 km off-
treatment plant and 1500 T of subsurface waters stored in the sub drain pits of Unit 5 and 6 are being discharged shore. He visited the JAEA laboratory in Tokai where the gamma spectrometric analyses are performed. He briefed
to the sea to provide room to store water with higher levels of radioactivity in a safer manner. TEPCO has estimated representatives of the Japanese Government
that these discharges would increase the effective dose to a member of the public by 0.6 mSv, if he/she were to eat
seaweed and seafood from 1 km from the discharge point every day for a year. It should be noted however that the Since our written briefing of yesterday, data related to food contamination were reported on 6th April by the
movements of all ships, including fishing boats, are restricted within a 30 km zone from the NPP. Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. These reported analytical results covered a total of 78 samples
taken on 3rd April (2 samples), 4th April (39 samples), 5th April (35 samples) and 6th April (2 samples). A
nalytical
In Unit 1 fresh water is being continuously injected into the reactor pressure vessel through the feed-water line at results for 52 of the 78 samples for various vegetables, spinach and other leafy vegetables, fruit (strawberry) and
an indicated flow rate of 6 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. Fresh water is being injected unprocessed raw milk in eight prefectures (Fukushima, Gunma, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Niigata, Saitama and
continuously into the RPVs through the fire extinguisher lines in Units 2 and 3 at indicated rates of 8 m3/h and Yamagata) indicated that I-131, Cs-134 and/or Cs-137 were either not detected or were below the regulation values
7 m3/h respectively using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. set by the Japanese authorities. However, it was reported that analytical results for 26 of the total 41 samples taken
in Fukushima prefecture for various vegetables, spinach and other leafy vegetables indicated that I-131 and/or
As of 6th April, TEPCO started injecting nitrogen gas to Unit 1 containment vessel to provide an inerted atmosphere Cs-134/Cs-137 exceeded the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities.
to reduce the possibility of hydrogen combustion within the containment vessel.
On 5th April, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare issued a press release indicating that a new
On Unit 1 the indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 224°C and at the bottom of RPV it is provisional regulation value was set for I-131 at a limit of 2000 Bq/kg in fishery products.
117°C. Instrumentation ‘B’ for Reactor Pressure indicates that the pressure in the RPV is increasing and instrumenta-
tion ‘A’ indicates that it has stabilized. NISA has indicated that some instruments in the reactor vessel may not be As of 4th April, food restrictions (distribution and/or consumption) are in place in four prefectures (Fukushima,
working properly. Drywell pressure has increased slightly due to the injection of nitrogen. In Unit 2 the indicated Ibaraki, Tochigi, and Gunma) and in certain locations in Chiba prefecture (Katori City, Tako Town and Asahi City).
temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is stable at 143°C. The temperature at the bottom of RPV was not
reported. Indicated Drywell pressure remains at atmospheric pressure. The indicated temperature at the feed water In Fukushima, there are restrictions on the consumption of leafy vegetables, headed and non-headed leafy
nozzle of the RPV in Unit 3 is 88°C and at the bottom of RPV is about 115°C. vegetables (e.g. spinach, komatsuna, cabbage), and flower-headed brassicas (broccoli, cauliflower). There are also
restrictions on the distribution of headed and non-headed leafy vegetables, flower-headed brassicas (including
Additional water was injected via the Spent Fuel Cooling System line to the spent fuel pool by a temporary pump on turnips), spinach, kakina and unprocessed raw milk produced in the prefecture.
4th April. In Ibaraki, there are restrictions on the distribution of unprocessed raw milk, parsley, spinach and kakina produced
There has been no change in status on Units 4, 5, 6 and the Common Spent Fuel Storage Facility. in the prefecture.
2. Radiation monitoring In Chiba, there are restrictions on the distribution of spinach produced in Katori City and Tako Town. There are also
restrictions on the distribution of spinach, chingensai, shungiku, sanchu, celery and parsley produced in Asahi City.
On 6th April, low levels of deposition of both I-131 and Cs-137 were detected in 4 and 6 prefectures respectively. The
values reported for I-131 ranged from 3.4 to 10 becquerels per square metre, for Cs-137 from 4.9 to 19 b
ecquerels In Gunma and Tochigi, there are restrictions on the distribution of spinach and kakina produced in these prefectures.
per square metre. Gamma dose rates continue decreasing . There is no significant change in gamma dose rates
reported for 6th April compared to yesterday.
3. IAEA Activities IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 7 April 2011 / 18:00 UTC
The two agency experts in BWR technology are in Japan to have a direct exchange of views with the Japanese
counterparts. They met with officials of NISA, TEPCO, the Japanese Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Unit 1 2 3 4
Safety Commission. They visited the off-site emergency response center and the Fukushima Daiichi site. A third
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agency expert will join the team in Tokyo to have follow-up meetings with TEPCO and NISA at the end of the week.
The following countries have submitted monitoring data and/or links to national websites where data is available:
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Finland, France, Greece, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Malaysia, Poland, Romania, Status at Time of EQ In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown Outage
Russian Federation, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Ukraine.
IAEA Update: New earthquake in Japan (7 April, 17:30 UTC) RPV & RCS Integrity
RPV temperature stable RPV temperature stable
outage plant status
The IAEA confirms that an earthquake occurred in Japan at 14:32 UTC 7 April. The IAEA International Seismic Safety Containment Integrity No information Damage suspected Damage suspected
Centre has rated it as a 7.1 magnitude, revised from an initial 7.4 magnitude. The epicenter of the earthquake was
20 km from the Onagawa nuclear power plant and approximately 120 km from the Fukushima Daiichi and Daini
nuclear power plants. AC Power
The IAEA has been in contact with NISA and can confirm the status of the following nuclear facilities:
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is
NISA confirms that no changes have been observed at the on-site radiation monitoring posts. The injection of water Water Level of RPV
into the reactor pressure vessels of Units 1, 2 and 3 was not interrupted.
Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant
NISA confirms that no changes have been observed of the readings at the on-site radiation monitoring posts.
outage plant status
Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant Water Injection to RPV via mobile electric pump via mobile electric pump via mobile electric pump
All reactors have been in cold shutdown since the 11 March earthquake. with off-site power with off-site power with off-site power
NISA has confirmed that two out of the three lines supplying off-site power to the site were lost following the 7 April
earthquake. Off-site power continues to be supplied through the third line.
Cooling of the spent fuel pool was temporarily lost, but has subsequently been restored. Freshwater spraying Freshwater injection via Freshwater spraying
No change has been observed in the readings from the on-site radiation monitoring post. The status of the plant is Spent Fuel Pool Status completed by Concrete Fuel Pool Cooling Line and completed by Concrete
currently being checked. Pump Truck Periodic spraying Pump Truck
Tokai Daini Nuclear Power Plant Unit 5 6 Severe Conditions

Tokai Daini nuclear power plant remains in cold shutdown since the 11 March earthquake. No abnormality has been
Power 784/2381 1100/3293
observed.
Higashidori Nuclear Power Plant Status at the EQ Occurred Outage Outage
NISA has confirmed that the Higashidori NPP was shutdown and in a maintenance outage at the time of the 7 April Core and Fuel No Immediate
earthquake. Off-site power has been lost. Emergency power supply to the site is operating. All the fuel had been Concern
removed from the reactor core and stored in the spent fuel pool. Cooling of the spent fuel pool is operational. RPV & RCS Integrity
Tomari Nuclear Power Plant (in Hokkaido) AC Power
At the time of the 7 April earthquake Tomari Unit 1 and Unit 2 were in operation. Following the 7 April earthquake,
the Hokkaido Electric Power Company reduced the generating power to 90% of capacity.
Water Level of RPV
Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant Pressure of RPV existing plant equipment. existing plant equipment.
NISA confirms that Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant and uranium enrichment facility lost off-site power. Emergency
power supply to the site is operating.
The IAEA will issue further information as soon as it becomes available. Water Injection to CV
Updates of 6 April 2011 Power is available to instrumentation in Unit 3.
There has been no change in status on Units 4, 5, 6 and the Common Spent Fuel Storage Facility.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (6 April 2011, 15:15 UTC) 2. Radiation Monitoring
Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA that TEPCO has been authorized to begin injection of nitrogen into On 5 April, low levels of deposition of both iodine-131 and caesium-137 were detected in 5 and 7 prefectures

the primary containment vessel (PCV) of Unit 1 at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Injection of n
itrogen respectively. The values for iodine-131 ranged from 12 to 70, for caesium-137 from 3.6 to 41 becquerel per square
is intended to displace oxygen inside the containment vessel, thereby reducing a risk of explosion due to the metre.
combustible combination of hydrogen and oxygen.
Gamma dose rates reported for 6 April showed no significant changes compared to yesterday. Since 23 March,
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (6 April 2011, 14:00 UTC) values have tended to decrease. Gamma dose rates were reported for 45 prefectures to be between 0.02 to
0.1 microsievert per hour. In one prefecture the gamma dose rate was 0.16 microsievert per hour. These values are
Presentation: within or slightly above the natural background of 0.1 microsievert per hour.
As of 4 April, iodine-131 and caesium-134/137 was detectable in drinking water in a few prefectures. All values
1. Current Situation were far below levels that would initiate recommendations for restrictions of drinking water. As of 6 April, one
restriction for infants related to I-131 (100 Bq/l) remains in place as a precautionary measure in only one village of
Overall, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi plant remains very serious. the Fukushima prefecture.
TEPCO has identified a possible leakage path from the Turbine building of Unit 2 to the sea via a series of trenches/ On 6 April the IAEA monitoring team made measurements at 7 locations at distances of 23 to 39 km South and
tunnels used to provide power to the sea water intake pumps and supply of service water to the reactor and turbine Southwest of the Fukushima nuclear power plant. The dose rates ranged from 0.04 to 2.2 microsievert per hour. At
buildings. On 4 April, a tracer was used in an attempt to determine where the water was coming from. The tracer the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged from 0.03 to 0.36 megabecquerel
was also injected into two new bore holes that had been drilled near the pit. On 5 April it was confirmed that the per square metre.
tracer was seen leaking from the crack into the sea. Coagulation agents (liquid glass) were injected into the holes
drilled around the pits to block leakage of water. It was reported that the leakage has currently stopped at 20:38 UTC Since our written briefing of yesterday, data related to food contamination was reported on 5 April by the Japanese
on 5 April. Work continues to prevent further releases to the sea. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. These reported analytical results covered a total of 41 samples taken on
24 March (1 sample), 30 March (1 sample), 1 April (1 sample), 2 April (9 samples) and 4 April (29 samples). A
nalytical
According to the TEPCO Press Release of 4 April, approximately 10 000 T of water from the radioactive waste treat- results for 40 of the 41 samples for various vegetables, spinach and other leafy vegetables, fruit (strawberries),
ment plant and 1500 T of subsurface waters stored in the sub drain pits of Unit 5 and 6 are being discharged to chicken, poultry eggs, unprocessed raw milk and seafood in eight prefectures (Chiba, Fukushima, Gunma, Ibaraki,
the sea to provide room to store water with higher levels of radioactivity in a safer manner. The discharges started Kanagawa, Niigata, Saitama and Tokyo) indicated that iodine-131, caesium-134 and/or caesium-137 were either not
at 10:00 UTC and 12:00 UTC respectively on 4 April. TEPCO has estimated that these discharges would increase the detected or were below the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities. One sample of seafood (sand lance)
effective dose to a member of the public by 0.6 mSv, if he/she were to eat seaweed and seafood from the discharge taken on 4 April (offshore) in Ibaraki prefecture was above the regulation value set by the Japanese authorities for
area every day for a year. It should be noted however that the movements of all ships, including fishing boats, are caesium-134/caesium-137.
restricted within a 30 km zone from the NPP, based on the hazardous area set by the Maritime Safety Agency. Also,
Fukushima prefecture reported that no fishing has started beyond a 30 km zone from the NPP in this prefecture. TEPCO is responsible for near-shore sampling, taking samples of surface seawater. The near shore sampling point
for Daiichi Units 1–4 is located 330 m south of their common discharge point. The near-shore sampling point for
In Unit 1 fresh water is being continuously injected into the reactor pressure vessel through feed-water line at an Daiichi Units 5 and 6 is located 30 m north of their common discharge point.
indicated flow rate of 6 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. Fresh water is being injected con-
tinuously into the RPVs through the fire extinguisher lines in Units 2 and 3 at indicated rates of 8 m3/h and 7 m3/h Samples near discharge areas are collected daily. Until 3 April a general decreasing trend was observed. However,
respectively using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. after the discharge of contaminated water at 4 April, an increase from about 11 kBq/l at 09:00 UTC to 41 kBq/l
at 14:00 UTC for I-131, and from 5.1 kBq/l at 09:00 UTC to 19 kBq/l for both, Cs-134 and Cs-137 at 14:00 UTC was
In Unit 1 the indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV decreased from 234°C to 222°C and at the detected.
bottom of RPV stable at 115°C. Instrumentation “B” for Reactor Pressure indicates that the pressure in the RPV is
increasing and instrumentation “A” indicates that it has stabilized. NISA has indicated that some instruments in the There were no new data for off shore monitoring compared to yesterday’s briefing.
reactor vessel may not be working properly. Drywell pressure is stable. In Unit 2 the indicated temperature at the
feed water nozzle of the RPV is stable at 141°C. The temperature at the bottom of RPV was not reported. Indicated 3. IAEA Activities
Drywell pressure remains at atmospheric pressure. The indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV in
Unit 3 is stable at 85°C and at the bottom of the RPV is about 115°C. The two agency experts in BWR technology in Japan are continuing their mission and will be joined by a third
agency expert to have additional meetings with TEPCO at the end of the week. The marine expert from the IAEA
Additional water was injected via Spent Fuel Cooling System line to the spent fuel pool in Unit 2 by a temporary Environment Laboratories Monaco, who joined the sampling campaign on the research vessel MARAI, returns to
pump on 4 April. Vienna today.
IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 6 April 2011 / 05:00 UTC IAEA Update on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (6 April 2011, 8:15 UTC)
Leakage of Highly Contaminated Water into Sea
Unit 1 2 3 4
Power (MWe/MWth) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381 According to Japanese authorities, the leak of highly contaminated water from the cable storage pit located next to
the Unit 2 inlet point at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant has stopped as of 20:38 UTC on 5 April.

Workers had employed measures to stop the flow of water directly to the sea since 2 April, when the leak was first
Status at Time of EQ In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown Outage observed.
On April 2, concrete was poured into the pit in an attempt to stop the water leakage to the ocean, but no significant
RPV temperature high but decrease in leakage was observed.
outage plant status From 4:47 UTC to 5:30 UTC on 3 April, the top of the trench was broken open and polymer was poured into the
trench to stop the leakage of water, but this measure was not successful.
Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation Approximately 13 kg of liquid tracer was injected into the pit at 22:08 UTC, 3 April. The tracer was also injected into
AC Power
two new bore holes that had been drilled near the pit.
Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage At 4:15 UTC, 5 April it was confirmed that the tracer was seen leaking from the crack into the sea.
Water Level of RPV At 6:07 UTC, 5 April coagulation agents (liquid glass) were injected into the holes drilled around the pits. The leakage
shown uncovered (Stable) uncovered (Stable) uncovered (Stable)
was reported to have ceased at 20:38 UTC on April 5. Work continues to prevent further releases to the sea.
The photographs below represent the status of leakage before and after:
CV Pressure Drywell Decreasing trend Stable Stable Not applicable due to
outage plant status

2 April 2011 5 April 2011 20:38 UTC

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Concern
RPV & RCS Integrity
AC Power
Water Level of RPV
Updates of 5 April 2011 In Unit 2 additional water was injected via the Spent Fuel Cooling System line to the spent fuel pool by a temporary
pump on April 4. In Unit 4, 180 T of fresh water was sprayed to the spent fuel pool by concrete pump on April 3rd.
There has been no change of status on Units 5–6 and the Common Spent Fuel Storage Facility.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (5 April 2011, 20:25 UTC)
2. Radiation monitoring
Japan Begins Discharge of Low Level Radioactive Water
On 3rd April, deposition of both iodine-131 and cesium-137 was detected in 7 prefectures. The values for io-
Japanese authorities have confirmed to the IAEA that they began to discharge 11 500 tonnes of low level radioactive dine-131 ranged from 2.4 to 82, for caesium-137 from 5.2 to 57 becquerel per square metre. On 4th April, deposi-
water from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant into the sea on 4 April. The operation is being conducted to tion of iodine-131 was detected in 7 prefectures ranging from 3.1 to 75 becquerel per square metre. Deposition of
create storage capacity for highly radioactive water that has pooled in parts of the reactor facility, hindering efforts caesium-137 in 6 prefectures ranging from 7.4 to 46 becquerel per square metre. Reported gamma dose rates in the
to restore electrical power from the grid to the facility. 46 prefectures showed no significant changes compared to yesterday.
Japanese officials have reported that they plan to release 10 000 tonnes of water from a waste treatment facility and
1500 tonnes from drainage pits around reactor Units 5 and 6. The operation is expected to last no more than five As of 3rd April, iodine-131 and cesium-134/137 was detectable in 8 and 5 prefectures respectively. All values were
days. well below levels that would trigger recommendations for restrictions of drinking water. As of 3rd April, restrictions
for infants related to I-131 (100 Bq/l) are in place in only one village of the Fukushima prefecture. The restriction is
still in place as a precautionary measure.
Presentation: Currently, the IAEA monitoring team is working in the Fukushima region. On 5th April, measurements were made
 Summary of Reactor Status at 7 locations at distances of 16 to 41 km, South and South West to the Fukushima nuclear power plant. The dose
rates ranged from 0.3 to 31 microsievert per hour. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination
On Tuesday, 5 April 2011, the IAEA provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in measurements ranged from 0.01 to 3.2 megabecquerel per square metre. The highest dose rates and beta gamma
Japan: contaminations were measured at the location closest to the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant.
Since our written briefing of yesterday, data related to food contamination was reported on 4 April by the J apanese
Overall, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi plant remains very serious. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. These reported analytical results covered a total of 24 samples taken on
31 March (4 samples) and 1st, 3rd and 4th April (20 samples). Analytical results for all of the 24 samples for v arious
On 3rd April, transferring of water from the Unit 1 condenser to the condenser storage tank was started in vegetables, fruit (strawberry) and seafood in five prefectures (Gunma, Ibaraki, Niigata, Saitama and Tochigi)
preparation for transferring water in the basement of the Unit 1 turbine building to the condenser. On 2nd April, indicated that iodine-131, caesium-134 and/or caesium-137 were either not detected or were below the regulation
transferring of water from the Unit 2 condenser to the condenser storage tank was started in preparation for values set by the Japanese authorities.
transferring water in the basement of the Unit 1 turbine building to the condenser.
TEPCO has identified a possible leakage path from the Turbine building of Unit 2 to the sea via a series of trenches/ The IAEA/FAO Food Safety Assessment Team has completed its tasks and returned to Vienna. The team met with
tunnels used to provide power to the sea water intake pumps and supply of service water to the reactor and turbine relevant local government officials and stakeholders in the agriculture sector in the four prefectures (Fukushima,
buildings. On 4th April, a tracer was used in an attempt to determine where the water was coming from. So far, the Ibaraki, Tochigi and Gunma) most affected by the nuclear emergency in Fukushima. The team were appraised on the
tracer has not been observed in the water leaking into the sea. local situation and provided relevant technical information.
In Unit 1 fresh water has been continuously injected into the reactor pressure vessel through feed-water line at
an indicated flow rate of 6 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. In Unit 2 and 3 fresh water On 31st March, the team reported to the Japanese Cabinet Office, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of
is being injected continuously into the RPVs through fire extinguisher line at indicated rates of 9 m3/h and 7 m3/h Health, Labour and Welfare, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Tokyo. The team returned from
using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. their mission on 1 April.
In Unit 1 the indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV decreased from 243°C to 234°C and at the
bottom of RPV stable at 115°C. The RPV pressure indications are fluctuating and Drywell pressure is stable. The RPV Seawater is collected daily close to the discharge areas of Units 1–4 and of Units 5 and 6 at the Daiichi NPP. The data
pressure indications for the 2 channels are diverging. For Unit 2 the indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle show a decreasing trend from 1 to 3 April from about 66 kBq/l to 24 kBq/l for I-131 and 21 kBq/l to 10 kBq/l for both
of the RPV is stable at 142°C. The temperature at the bottom of RPV was not reported. Indicated Drywell pressure Cs-134 and Cs-137 at Units 1–4. The concentrations at Units 5 and 6 also showed a decreasing trend u ntil 3 April.
remains at atmospheric pressure. In Unit 3 the indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is stable at These values were measured before the discharge of low level contaminated water authorised by the J apanese
114°C and at the bottom of RPV is about 85°C. The validity of the RPV temperature measurement at the feed water Government on the 4th April.
nozzle is still under investigation.
New data were provided for the off-shore survey on 8 sampling points about 30 km east of the NPPs. C oncentrations IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 5 April 2011 / 06:00 UTC
are between 5 and 18 Bq/l for I-131 and between roughly 1 and 11 Bq/l for Cs-137. For the new coverage of the
coastal transect in the south, about 35 km south of Fukushima Daini, the highest concentrations were detected
at the sampling point closest to the coast in the south with about 38 Bq/l for I-131 and 4.5 Bq/l for Cs-137. The Unit 1 2 3 4
concentrations at all sampling points have decreased over time.
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3. IAEA Activities
The two agency experts in BWR technology are in Japan. A third agency expert will join them in Tokyo to have
additional meetings with TEPCO at the end of the week. Core and Fuel Integrity Damaged Severe damage Damaged No fuel in the Reactor

outage plant status
AC power available — AC power available — AC Power available —

AC power available —
Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation
AC Power Lighting to Central Control
Lighting to Central Control Lighting to Central Control — Lighting to Central
Room
Room Room Control Room

Water Level of RPV
Pressure of RPV Fluctuating Stable Stable

outage plant status


Power 784/2381 1100/3293
Concern
RPV & RCS Integrity
AC Power
Water Level of RPV
Updates of 4 April 2011 feed water nozzle of the RPV has decreased from 153°C to 140°C. The temperature at the bottom of RPV was not
reported. Indicated Drywell pressure remains at atmospheric pressure. In Unit 3 the indicated temperature at the
feed water nozzle of the RPV is stable at 114°C and at the bottom of RPV is about 90°C. The validity of the RPV
temperature measurement at the feed water nozzle is still under investigation.
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident, 4 April 2011, 12:15 UTC
70 T of water was injected via Spent Fuel Cooling System line to the spent fuel pool In Unit 2 by a temporary pump
Presentation: on April 1st There has been no change in status in Units 4, 5 and 6. The temperature in the Common Spent Fuel
 Summary of Reactor Status Storage Facility was 32 °C at 23:10 UTC on 2nd April.
On Monday, 4 April 2011, the IAEA provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in 2. Radiation Monitoring
Japan.
Gamma dose rates are monitored in all prefectures continuously. Since 23rd March, reported gamma dose rates in
1. Current Situation the 45 prefectures have decreased.
Power supply to the temporary electric pumps for water supply to the Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPV) of Units 1, 2 On 4th April the IAEA monitoring team made measurements at 7 locations at distances of 30 to 41 km South and
and 3 was switched from the temporary mobile power supply to the off-site power supply on April 3rd. Southwest of the Fukushima nuclear power plant. The dose rates ranged from 0.7 to 12.5 microsievert per hour. At
the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged from 0.1 to 2.0 megabecquerel per
Lighting in a part of Units 1–4 Turbine Building was restored on April 2nd. square metre.
On 2nd April, transferring of water from the Unit 1 condenser storage tank to the surge tank of the suppression pool Since our written briefing of 1st April 2011, significant data related to food contamination was reported on
was completed in preparation for transferring water in the basement of the Unit 1 turbine building to the condens- 1st April (33 samples), 2nd April (64 samples) and 3rd April (37 samples) by the Japanese Ministry of Health, L abour
er. Also on 2nd April, transferring of water from the Unit 2 condenser to the condenser storage tank was started in and Welfare. These reported analytical results covered a total of 134 samples taken on 15 March (2 samples),
preparation for transferring water in the basement of the Unit 1 turbine building to the condenser. 29–31 March (77 samples) and 1st–2nd April (55 samples). Analytical results for 133 of the 134 samples for vari-
ous vegetables, spinach and other leafy vegetables, mushrooms, fruit (strawberry), various meats (beef and pork),
A second US Navy barge arrived on 2nd April carrying fresh water that is being transferred to the first barge which is seafood and unprocessed raw milk in twelve prefectures (Chiba, Fukushima, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Kyoto,
pumping water to the “filtered water tank”. Niigata, Saitama, Shizuoka, Tchigi, Tochigi, and Tokyo), indicated that iodine-131, caesium-134 and/or caesium-137
were either not detected or were below the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities. One sample of
TEPCO has identified a possible leakage path from the Turbine Building of Unit 2 to the sea via a series of trenches/ shiitake mushrooms taken on 1st April in Fukushima prefecture was above the regulation values set by the Japanese
tunnels used to provide power to the sea water intake pumps and supply of service water to the reactor and turbine authorities for both iodine-131 and caesium-134/caesium-137.
buildings. Initial attempts on 2nd April to stop the leak, by pouring concrete into the pit, were not successful. On
3rd April, the top of the trench was broken open and polymer was poured into the trench in an attempt to stop the Seawater is monitored by TEPCO near the discharge points of Daiichi and Daini plants. For Daiichi Units 1–4,
leakage of water to the sea through the pit, but leakage has not stopped as of 00:00UTC on 4th April. seawater is monitored 330m south of the common discharge point; for Daiichi Units 5 and 6 seawater is sampled
30 m south of the common discharge point. On April 1st an additional 3 points at 15 km from these sites were
NISA have advised the IAEA that TEPCO have been given permission by the Government of Japan to discharge added following the discovery of highly contaminated water leaking into the sea from the pit near Unit 2.
10 000 ton of low level contaminated water from their radioactive waste treatment facility to the sea. This is in order
to have sufficient capacity to store highly contaminated water found in the basement of the Unit 2 Turbine Building. IAEA Activities
In addition TEPCO will discharge 1500 ton of low level contaminated water in the sub-drain pit for Units 5 and 6 The two agency experts in BWR technology have arrived in Japan. The objective of this expert visit is to have a direct
to prevent the water in the pit from leaking into the reactor buildings and potentially damaging safety-related exchange of views with the Japanese counterparts. They met with officials of NISA, TEPCO, the Japanese Atomic
equipment. Energy Commission and the Nuclear Safety Commission. They will also visit the off-site emergency response center
and possibly visit the Fukushima Daiichi site.
TEPCO has estimated that the potential additional annual dose to a member of the public would be approximately
0.6 millisieverts (mSv), if they ate seaweed and seafood caught, from near the plant, every day for a year. The marine expert from the IAEA Environment Laboratories Monaco travelled to Japan to observe and provide
advice on the collection and analysis of seawater samples. He was embarked to the Research Vessel MIRAI on
As of 07:00 UTC 4 April the discharge had not yet commenced. The IAEA have asked NISA for additional information. 2nd April and was on board until the morning of 4th April.
In Unit 1 Fresh water has been continuously injected into the reactor pressure vessel through the feed-water line at
an indicated flow rate of 6 m3/h using off-site power. In Unit 2 and Unit 3 fresh water is being injected continuously
into the reactor pressure vessels through the fire extinguisher line indicated rates of 8 m3/h and 7 m3/h respectively
using off-site power.
In Unit 1 the indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV decreased from 253°C to 243°C and at the
bottom of RPV it was stable at 113°C. The RPV pressure indications are fluctuating and Drywell pressure is slightly
increasing. The reliability of RPV pressure indications is in question. In Unit 2 the indicated temperature at the
IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 4 April 2011 / 05:00 UTC Updates of 3 April 2011
Unit 1 2 3 4
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Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (3 April 2011, 17:15 UTC)
Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4 Japanese authorities today informed the IAEA of the following developments at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear
power plant:
In Units 1, 2 and 3, external power supply is now being used to power the pumps that are injecting fresh water into
Core and Fuel Integrity Damaged Severe damage Damaged No fuel in the Reactor the reactors, thus replacing temporary electrical pumps.
stable Not applicable due to The switch to external power supply occurred on 3 April at:
outage plant status
03:02 UTC (12:02 Japan time) for Unit 1.
AC power available — AC power available — AC Power available — 03:12 UTC (12:12 Japan time) for Unit 2.
Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation 03:18 UTC (12:18 Japan time) for Unit 3.
Room
Room Room Control Room Some lighting has been reactivated in the turbine buildings of Units 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (3 April 2011, 12:00 UTC)
Water Level of RPV
Presentation:
Pressure of RPV Fluctuating Stable Stable  Summary of Reactor Status
On Sunday, 3 April 2011, the IAEA provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in
outage plant status
Injection of freshwater — Injection of freshwater — Injection of freshwater — Japan:
with off-site power with off-site power with off-site power 1. Current Situation
Overall at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, the situation remains very serious.
Spent Fuel Pool Status completed by Concrete Fuel Pool Cooling Line and completed by Concrete On 2 April, transferring of water from the Unit 1 condenser storage tank to the surge tank of the suppression pool
Pump Truck Periodic spraying Pump Truck was completed in preparation for transferring water in the basement of the Unit 1 turbine building to the condens-
er. Also, on 2 April transferring of water from the Unit 2 condenser storage tank to the surge tank of the suppres-
sion pool was started in preparation for transferring water in the basement of the Unit 1 turbine building to the
condenser.
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Type of Reactor BWR-4 BWR-5 Concern A second US Navy barge arrived on 2 April carrying fresh water to be transferred to the “filtered water tank”.
No Immediate TEPCO has identified a possible leakage path from the Turbine building of Unit 2 to the sea via a series of trenches/
Core and Fuel
Concern tunnels used to provide power to the sea water intake pumps and supply of service water to the reactor and turbine
RPV & RCS Integrity buildings. As of 2 April, 07:25 UTC, the pouring of concrete was started in an attempt to stop the water leakage.
Containment Integrity As of 2 April, 10:15 UTC, pouring of concrete had ceased and no significant decrease in the rate of leakage was
AC Power observed. There is a plan to inject polymer to attempt to stop the leakage. TEPCO announced on 2 April that, follow-
ing the detection of highly contaminated water leaking through a crack found in a pit near Unit 2, they had added
3 additional sampling points at 15 km from Fukushima Daiichi and Fukushima Daini.
Water Level of RPV
Pressure of RPV existing plant equipment. existing plant equipment. Fresh water has been continuously injected into the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) of Unit 1 through the feed-water
line at an indicated flow rate of 8 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with diesel backup. Fresh water is being
injected continuously into the RPVs in Units 2 and 3 at indicated rates of 9 m3/h and 7 m3h respectively through the
Water Injection to RPV fire extinguisher lines using temporary electric pumps with diesel backup.
IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 3 April 2011 / 06:00 UTC
In Unit 1 the indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is relatively stable at 259°C and at the Unit 1 2 3 4
bottom of RPV at 117°C. The RPV pressure indications are fluctuating and Drywell pressure is slightly decreasing. In
Unit 2 the indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV has decreased slightly from 161°C to 153°C. Power (MWe/MWth) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381
The temperature at the bottom of RPV was not reported. Indicated Drywell pressure remains at atmospheric pres-
sure. The indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV in Unit 3 is stable at 118°C and at the bottom
of the RPV is about 92°C. The validity of the RPV temperature measurement at the feed water nozzle is still under
investigation.
Injection of water into the spent fuel pool in Unit 2 using the temporary pump was restarted on 1 April.
Units 5 and 6 outage plant status
Both units remain in cold shutdown with plant systems operating on off-site AC power. AC power available — AC power available — AC Power available —
Common Spent Fuel Storage Facility AC Power Lighting to Central Control
Room
The Common Spent Fuel Pool temperature is stable. TEPCO tested an “anti-scattering” agent (2000 l) on 500 m2
area around the Common Spent Fuel Storage facility on 1t April. The purpose of spraying is to prevent radioactive
particles from being dispersed from the plant by winds and rain. Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is
Water Level of RPV
2. Radiation Monitoring Pressure of RPV Fluctuating Stable Stable
On 2 April, deposition of iodine-131 was detected in 7 prefectures ranging from 4 to 95 becquerel per square metre. CV Pressure Drywell Decreasing trend Stable Stable Not applicable due to
Deposition of caesium-137 in 6 prefectures was reported on 2 April ranging from 15 to 47 becquerel per square outage plant status
metre. Reported gamma dose rates in the 45 prefectures showed no significant changes compared to yesterday. Injection of freshwater — Injection of freshwater — Injection of freshwater —
with diesel backup power with diesel backup power with diesel backup power
Most of the previously imposed recommendations for restrictions on drinking water have been lifted. As of 2 April,
one recommendation for the restriction based on iodine-131 concentration was in place in one village in the Water Injection to CV No information No information No information
Fukushima prefecture, which applied for infants only. Meanwhile, also in this village, the iodine-131 level in drinking
water has dropped below 100 becquerel per litre, which is the recommended restriction level for intake by infants. Freshwater spraying Freshwater injection via Seawater injection via
Spent Fuel Pool Status completed by Concrete Fuel Pool Cooling Line and Fuel Pool Cooling Line
The restriction is still in place as a precautionary measure of the local authority. Fuel Pool Cooling Line
Pump Truck Periodic spraying and Periodic spraying
Currently, one IAEA monitoring team is working in the Fukushima region. On 2 April, measurements were made
at 7 locations at distances of 32 to 62 km, North and Northwest to the Fukushima nuclear power plant. The dose Unit 5 6 Severe Conditions
rates ranged from 0.6 to 4.5 microsievert per hour. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination Power 784/2381 1100/3293
measurements ranged from 0.09 to 0.46 megabecquerel per square metre.
3. BWR Experts Status at the EQ Occurred Outage Outage
The two agency experts in BWR technology have arrived in Japan. The objective of this expert visit is to have a direct Concern
RPV & RCS Integrity
exchange of views with the Japanese counterparts.
4. TEPCO Employees AC Power
TEPCO had been investigating two employees who had been missing since the earthquake of 11 March. On 2 April Being maintained using off-site Being maintained using off-site
Water Level of RPV
NISA reported that on the afternoon of 30 March the two employees were found dead in the -1 Level of the Turbine electrical power and electrical power and
Building of Unit 4. Pressure of RPV existing plant equipment. existing plant equipment.
Updates of 2 April 2011 Fresh water (180 T) was pumped into the spent fuel pool on Unit 4 using a concrete pumping truck on 1 April.
Units 5 and 6 remain in cold shutdown with plant systems operating on off-site AC power.
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (2 April 2011, 12:00 UTC) 2. Radiation Monitoring
Presentation: On 1 April, deposition of iodine-131 was detected in 7 prefectures ranging from 7 to 74 becquerel per square metre.
 Summary of Reactor Status Deposition of caesium-137 in 9 prefectures was reported on April 1st ranging from 2.9 to 76 becquerel per square
metre. Reported gamma dose rates in the 45 prefectures showed no significant changes compared to yesterday.
On Saturday, 2 April 2011, the IAEA provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in
Japan: The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan informed the IAEA that, because of winter conditions,
most cattle, pigs and chickens are presently kept indoors. Animals are primarily fed on stored dried grass, silage and
1. Current Situation grain that has not been contaminated by the releases from the Fukushima Daiichi NPP.
Overall at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, the situation remains very serious. On 31 March, NISA reported that among the workers at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, 21 workers have received doses
exceeding 100 mSv. No worker has received a dose above 250 mSv, which is the dose limit for emergency workers.
In preparation for transferring water in the basement of the Unit 1 turbine building to the condenser, water in the
condenser storage tank is being transferred to surge tank of the suppression pool since 31 March, 03:00 UTC. Water On the 30 March, 180 000 Bq/l of I-131 and 15 000 Bq/l of Cs-137 were detected in the vicinity of the discharge water
in the trench was transferred to a water tank at the central environmental facility main building. The water level in outlet of Unit 4.
the trench was reduced by 1 metre to 1.14 metre below the top of the trench on 31 March. On Unit 2 in order to
prepare for removal of the water from turbine building basement, pumping of water from the condenser to sup- The data reported for 27 - 30 March indicated that the levels at 30 m from the common discharge point of Units 5
pression pool water surge was started 29 March, 07:45 UTC and was finished 1 April, 02:50 UTC. On Unit 3 in order and 6 were relatively constant at 45 000–55 000 Bq/l for I-131 and 10 000–15 000 Bq/l for Cs-137.
to prepare for removal of the water from the turbine building basement, pumping of water from the condenser to
suppression pool water surge was started 28 March, 08:40 UTC and completed 30 March, 23:37 UTC. In addition to the 8 sampling points 30 km from the coast two additional monitoring stations were added in the
South, 10 km and 20 km from shore. The values reported for 28 and 30 March indicate a non-uniform distribution
In a press release on 2 April, NISA reported the following: Water, with a dose rate of greater than 1000 millisievert/ and trend.
hr, was confirmed by TEPCO at around 00:30 UTC on 2 April, in a pit, housing cables located next to the Unit 2 sea
water inlet point. There exists a crack on the sidewall of the pit, about 20 cm in length, and water inside the pit is
confirmed to be leaking directly to the sea. The isotopic analysis of water samples from inside the pit, the sea and
near the seawater inlet bar screen filter is in process. Currently a plan to patch the pit with concrete is underway to
stop the leakage. An investigation on the leakage path to this pit is on-going and measures to stop leakage to the
sea will be implemented.
Transfer of fresh water from a US Navy barge to the “filtered water tank” started on 1 April, 06:58 UTC, and was
suspended on 1 April, 07:25 UTC due to a connection failure. A second US Navy barge left Onahama port and
planned to arrive 2 April, 00:30 UTC.
On Unit 1 fresh water has been continuously injected into the reactor pressure vessel through the feed-water line
at an indicated flow rate of 8 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with diesel backup. The indicated temperature
at the feed water nozzle of the RPV has decreased from 256°C to 249°C and at the bottom of RPV decreased from
128 °C to 119°C. There was a corresponding decrease in RPV pressure and Drywell pressure.
Fresh water is injected continuously through fire extinguisher line on Unit 2 at an indicated rate of 9 m3/h using
a temporary electric pump with diesel backup. The indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV has
decreased from 165°C to 161°C. The temperature at the bottom of the RPV was not reported. Indicated Drywell
pressure remains at atmospheric pressure.
On Unit 3 fresh water is being injected continuously at an indicated rate of 7 m3/h into the reactor core through the
fire extinguisher line using a temporary electric pump with diesel backup. The indicated temperature at the feed
water nozzle of the RPV is about 119°C and at the bottom of RPV is about 90°C.
Fresh water (90 T) was pumped into the spent fuel pool in Unit 1 using a concrete pumping truck on 31 March. In
Unit 2, injection of water into the spent fuel pond using the temporary pump was restarted on 1 April, 05:56 UTC.
IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 2 April 2011 / 12:00 UTC Updates of 1 April 2011
Unit 1 2 3 4
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IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Accident (1 April 2011, 14.30 UTC)
Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4 Presentations:

Status at Time of EQ In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown Outage  Fukushima Radiological Monitoring and Consequences
 Fukushima Marine Environment Monitoring
Core and Fuel Integrity Damaged Severe damage Damaged No fuel in the Reactor  Watch Video
stable Not applicable due to On Friday, 1 April 2011, the IAEA provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in Japan:
outage plant status
Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation Overall at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, the situation remains very serious.
Room
Room Room Control Room The Unit 1 condenser is full. In preparation for transferring water in the basement of the turbine building to the
Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage condenser, water in the condenser storage tank is being transferred to the suppression pool surge tank since
31 March, 03:00 UTC. Water in the trench was transferred to a water tank at the central environmental facility process
Water Level of RPV main building. In order to prepare for removal of the water from the turbine building basement in Unit 2, pumping
of water from the condenser to the suppression pool water surge tank started at 07:45 UTC, 29 March. For Unit 3
Pressure of RPV Slightly decreasing Stable Stable pumping of water from the condenser to suppression pool water surge tank was started at 08:40 UTC, March 28 and
was completed at 23:37 UTC on 30 March.
outage plant status For Unit 1 fresh water has been continuously injected into the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) through the feed-water
Water Injection to RPV via mobile electric pump via mobile electric pump via mobile electric pump line at an indicated flow rate of 8 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with diesel backup. In Unit 2 fresh water
with diesel backup power with diesel backup power with diesel backup power is injected continuously through the fire extinguisher line at an indicated rate of 8 m3/h using a temporary electric
pump with diesel backup. In Unit 3 fresh water is being injected continuously at about 7 m3/h into the reactor core
Water Injection to CV No information No information No information through the fire extinguisher line using a temporary electric pump with diesel backup.
Freshwater spraying Freshwater injection via Seawater injection via
Freshwater injection to the The indicated temperatures at the feed water nozzle of the RPV and bottom of RPV on Unit 1 are stable at 256°C and
Spent Fuel Pool Status completed by Concrete Fuel Pool Cooling Line and Fuel Pool Cooling Line
Pump Truck Periodic spraying and Periodic spraying 128°C respectively. There is a slight decrease in RPV and Drywell pressures. The indicated temperature at the feed
water nozzle of the RPV of Unit 2 is stable at 165°C. The temperature at the bottom of the RPV was not reported.
Unit 5 6 Indicated Drywell pressure remains at atmospheric pressure. The indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle
Severe Conditions of the RPV in Unit 3 is stable at 101°C and at the bottom of RPV is also stable at 112°C. Indicated Drywell pressure
Power 784/2381 1100/3293 remains slightly above atmospheric pressure. The validity of the RPV temperature measurement at the feed water
Type of Reactor BWR-4 BWR-5 Concern nozzle is still under investigation.
No Immediate The pumping of water into the Unit 1 Spent Fuel Pool by concrete pumping truck was started at 04:03 UTC on
Core and Fuel
Concern 31 March. Fresh water was sprayed to the spent fuel pool at the Unit 3 by the concrete pump on 31 March and to
RPV & RCS Integrity the spent fuel pool on Unit 4 on 1 April.
Units 5 and 6 remain in cold shutdown.
AC Power
Water Level of RPV
2. Radiation Monitoring IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 1 April 2011 / 13:00 UTC
On 31 March, deposition of iodine-131 was detected by the Japanese authorities in 8 prefectures, and deposition
of caesium-137 in 10 prefectures. In these prefectures where deposition of iodine-131 was reported, on 31 March, Unit 1 2 3 4
the range was from 29 to 1350 becquerel per square metre. For caesium-137, the range was from 3.6 to 505 bec-
Power (MWe/MWth) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381
querel per square metre. In the Shinjyuku district of Tokyo, the daily deposition for iodine-131 was 50 becquerel per
square metre and for caesium-137 it was 68 becquerel per square metre. No significant changes were reported in Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4
the 45 prefectures in gamma dose rates compared to yesterday. As of 28 March, recommendations for restrictions
on drinking water are in place at two locations in the Fukushima prefecture and restrictions continue to apply for Status at Time of EQ In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown Outage
infants only. The IAEA monitoring team made additional measurements at 9 locations West of Fukushima-Daiichi
nuclear power plant. The measurement locations were at distances of 30 to 58 km from the Fukushima nuclear
power plant. The dose rates ranged from 0.4 to 2.3 microsievert per hour. At the same locations, results of beta- RPV temperature high but
gamma contamination measurements ranged from 0.01 to 0.49 megabecquerel per square metre. The other team stable Not applicable due to
who had made monitoring measurements in Tokyo during the last week, has finished its activities. outage plant status
Since our written briefing of yesterday, significant data related to food contamination was reported on 31 March AC power available — AC power available — AC Power available —
by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Reported analytical results covered 2 samples taken on Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation
15 March and 109 samples from 27–31 March. Analytical results for 98 of the 111 samples for various vegetables, Lighting to Central Control Lighting to Central Control — Lighting to Central
Room
spinach and other leafy vegetables, fruit (strawberries), seafood, various meats (beef, chicken and pork) and un-
processed raw milk in eight prefectures (Chiba, Fukushima, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Niigata, Tochigi and Tokyo), Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage
indicated that iodine-131, caesium-134 and caesium-137 were either not detected or were below the regulation
values set by the Japanese authorities. However, it was reported that analytical results in Chiba, Fukushima, Ibaraki Water Level of RPV
and Tochigi prefectures for the remaining 13 of the total 111 samples for spinach and other leafy vegetables, parsley
and beef indicated that iodine-131 and/or caesium-134 and caesium-137 exceeded the regulation values set by the Pressure of RPV Slightly decreasing Stable Stable
Japanese authorities.
The following restrictions are in place (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Press Releases, 21 and 23 March 2011): outage plant status
Fukushima: Distribution and consumption of leafy vegetables (including broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kakina, with diesel backup power with diesel backup power with diesel backup power
komatsuna and spinach), turnip and unprocessed raw milk.
Ibaraki: Distribution of spinach, kakina, parsley and unprocessed raw milk.
Gunma: Distribution of spinach and kakina. Freshwater injection via Seawater injection via
Tochigi: Distribution of spinach and kakina. Freshwater spraying begun Freshwater injection to the
Spent Fuel Pool Status Fuel Pool Cooling Line and Fuel Pool Cooling Line
using a Concrete Pump Car Fuel Pool Cooling Line
Periodic spraying and Periodic spraying
The Joint FAO/IAEA Food Safety Assessment Team has completed its mission and presented its report to the
Japanese Cabinet Office, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the Ministry of Unit 5 6 Severe Conditions
Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry on 31 March. The IAEA members of the Team are returning to Vienna today.
Power 784/2381 1100/3293
The Agency, in agreement with the Japanese government, will dispatch two reactor experts to Japan. They will hold Type of Reactor BWR-4 BWR-5 Concern
meetings with the Nuclear Safety Commission, NISA, TEPCO and other Japanese counterparts from Monday, Status at the EQ Occurred Outage Outage
4 April onwards. The objective of this visit is to exchange views with Japanese technical experts and to get first-hand No Immediate
Core and Fuel
information about the current status of reactors at Fukushima Daiichi, measures being taken and future plans to Concern
mitigate the accident. RPV & RCS Integrity
The following countries have provided the monitoring data to the IAEA’s Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC):
AC Power
Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Spain, Switzerland
and Singapore. Building Cold Shutdown Cold Shutdown
Water Level of RPV
Updates of 31 March 2011 2. Radiation Monitoring
On 30 March, deposition of iodine-131 was detected in 8 prefectures, and deposition of caesium-137 in 12 pre-
fectures. On 30 March in the prefectures where deposition of iodine-131 was reported, the range was from 2.5 to
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (31 March 2011, 14:00 UTC) — 240 becquerel per square metre. For caesium-137, the range was from 3 to 57 becquerel per square metre. In
Corrected the Shinjyuku district of Tokyo, the daily deposition of both iodine-131 and caesium-137 on 30 March was below
30 becquerel per square metre. No significant changes were reported in the 45 prefectures in gamma dose rates
compared to yesterday.
Presentation:
 Summary of Reactor Status Most of the previously imposed recommendations for restrictions on drinking have been lifted. As of 28 March,
recommendations for restrictions based on I-131 concentration remain in place in four villages of in the Fukushima
On Thursday, 31 March 2011, the IAEA provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in prefecture, in three of these villages, restrictions continue to apply for infants only.
Japan:
Two IAEA teams are currently monitoring radiation levels and radioactivity in the environment in Japan. On
1. Current Situation 30 March, one team made gamma dose-rate measurements in the Tokyo region at 7 locations. Gamma-dose rates
measured ranged from 0.03 to 0.28 microsievert per hour, which is within or slightly above the background. The
Overall at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, the situation remains very serious. second team made additional measurements at 7 locations in the Hirono area, South of Fukushima-Daiichi NPP.
The measurement locations were at distances of 23 to 39 km from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. The dose
The Unit 1 condenser is full. Pumping water from the Unit-1 turbine building basement to the Unit-1 condenser rates ranged from 0.5 to 4.9 microsievert per hour. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination
has been stopped as of 22:30 UTC on 28 March. For Units 2 and 3, in order to prepare for removal of the water from measurements ranged from 0.04 to 0.34 Megabecquerel per square metre.
the turbine building basement, pumping of water from the condenser to the suppression pool water surge tank
started at 07:45 UTC 29 March and 08:40 UTC March 28 respectively. Since our briefing of yesterday, significant data related to food contamination has been submitted by the Japa-
nese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Seventy-six samples were taken from 28-30 March, and reported on
For Unit 1 fresh water has been continuously injected into the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) through the feed-water 30 March. Analytical results for 51 of the 76 samples for various vegetables, fruit (strawberry), seafood (sardines),
line at an indicated flow rate of 8 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with diesel backup. In Unit 2 fresh water and unprocessed raw milk in eight prefectures (Chiba, Fukushima, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Niigata, Saitama,
is injected continuously through the fire extinguisher line at an indicated rate of 8 m3/h using a temporary electric and Yamagata), indicated that iodine-131, caesium-134 and caesium-137 were either not detected or were below
pump with diesel backup. In Unit 3 fresh water is being injected continuously at about 7 m3/h into the reactor core the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities. However, it was reported that analytical results in F ukushima
through the fire extinguisher line using a temporary electric pump with diesel backup. prefecture for the remaining 25 of the 76 samples for broccoli, cabbage, rapeseed, spinach and other leafy
vegetables, indicated that iodine-131 and/or caesium-134 and caesium-137 exceeded the regulation values set by
The indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV on Unit 1 has decreased from 281°C to 251°C and at the Japanese authorities.
the bottom of RPV decreased from 134°C to 128°C. There appears to be a corresponding decrease in RPV pressure
with a slight decrease in Drywell pressure. The indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV of Unit 2 The Joint FAO/IAEA Food Safety Assessment Team met with local government officials in Gunma prefecture on
has increased from 177°C to 181°C. The temperature at the bottom of RPV was not reported. Indicated Drywell Wednesday. Farmers and producers were also represented and the meeting attracted media coverage. The ques-
pressure remains at atmospheric pressure. The indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV in Unit 3 is tions to the IAEA/FAO team mainly focused on technical issues of remediation strategies, including the implica-
about 89 °C and at the bottom of RPV is about 114°C. The validity of the RPV temperature measurement at the feed tions of long term releases if the NPP is not stabilized, the disposal of contaminated produce, mechanisms of 131I
water nozzle is still under investigation. and 137Cs contamination, other possible radionuclides that may be produced/should be monitored, contami-
nation of fruit and mushrooms, occupational exposure risks in the handling animals and agricultural products,
No further information is available regarding the plan to commence the pumping of water into the Unit 1 Spent feeding strategies for animals in affected areas, monitoring of soil and fallout and remediation strategies and
Fuel Pool by concrete pumping truck from 29 March. On Unit 2 the temporary electric pump supplying water to the methodologies. There were also discussions with producers and farmer organizations over the development of
spent fuel pool experienced a malfunction. Spent fuel pool water supply was changed to a fire truck pump but a strategies for the next cropping season.
crack was discovered in a hose on 30 March 04:10 UTC. Pumping water to the spent fuel pool was therefore stopped.
Pumping was subsequently restored and water was fed into spent fuel pool in Unit 2 from 10:05 UTC on March 30. Local government officials briefed the FAO/IAEA Team on current knowledge of the extent of contamination in
Water injection into the spent fuel pool in Unit 4 by concrete pump was completed at 09:33 UTC on March 30. Gunma prefecture, including the principal agricultural products affected and levels of contamination found.
Units 5 and 6 remain in cold shutdown. The Joint FAO/IAEA Team presented their report and responded to inquires at a follow-up inter-ministerial meeting
in Tokyo. The meeting was attended by representatives of the Japanese Cabinet Office, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the Ministry of Agriculture. Strong interest was expressed as to the
remediation of the agricultural land, continued possible contamination of agricultural products, and the need to
maintain communication with relevant ministries in the future.
New results from the marine monitoring stations 30 km off-shore were reported for 28 March. These results indicate IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 31 March 2011 / 14:00 UTC
a decrease for the northernmost sampling station for I-131 and a slight increase for Cs-137 as compared to v alues
measured on 27 March. For sampling points situated towards the south of the transect an increase has been
recorded, both for I-131 and for Cs-137 as compared to the previous day, with maximum concentrations in water Unit 1 2 3 4
below 30 Bq/l and 20 Bq/l respectively, still considerably lower than the maxima recorded on 23 March. This increase
Power (MWe/MWth) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381
can be correlated with trends in concentrations measured close to the discharge points.
The latest analyses in seawater 330 m south of the discharge point of NPP Units 1–4, and 30 m north of the
discharge point of Units 5-6 were made available for 29 March. In particular readings of 130 000 Bq/l of I-131, Status at Time of EQ In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown Outage
32 000 Bq/l of Cs-137 and 31 000 Bq/l of Cs-134 were reported near Units 1–4.
The Russian Federation, Ireland and Switzerland reported the detection of very small amounts of
RPV & RCS Integrity RPV temperature decreased RPV temperature increased RPV temperature stable
iodine-131 and caesium-137 in air. Highest levels found are in the order of a few millibecquerel per cubic meter. The Not applicable due to
levels are not of any radiological concern. outage plant status

Correction: A previous version of this update mistakenly reported that Singapore has reported to the IAEA that it had AC power available —
detected very small amounts of iodine-131 and caesium-137 in air. Singapore has not made such a report. AC Power Lighting to Central Control
Room

Water Level of RPV
Pressure of RPV Stable Stable Stable
CV Pressure Drywell Decreased Stable Stable Not applicable due to

outage plant status
with diesel backup power with diesel backup power with diesel backup power
Freshwater injection via Seawater injection via

Spent Fuel Pool Status Spraying to be considered Fuel Pool Cooling Line and Fuel Pool Cooling Line
Periodic spraying and Periodic spraying

Power 784/2381 1100/3293
Concern
RPV & RCS Integrity
AC Power
Water Level of RPV
Updates of 30 March 2011 2. Radiation Monitoring
The majority of the recently measured radioactivity levels in drinking water are being reported below the levels
established by the Japanese authorities which are 100 Bq/L of I-131 for infants; 300 Bq/L for adults and 200 Bq/L of
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (30 March 2011, 16.30 UTC) Cs-137 for infants and adults. Previously imposed recommendations for restrictions on drinking water are being
lifted in most of the affected locations. As of 28 March, recommendations for restrictions based on I-131 concentra-
Presentations: tion remain in place in one village in the Fukushima prefecture. In three other locations of the Fukushima
prefectures, restrictions continue to apply for infants only.
 IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident, 30 March 2011
 Summary of Reactor Status, 30 March 2011 Two IAEA teams are currently monitoring radiation levels and radioactivity in the environment in Japan.
 Fukushima Radiological Monitoring and Consequences — Update, 30 March 2011 On 29 March, one team made gamma dose-rate measurements in the Tokyo region at 8 locations. Gamma-dose
 Fukushima Contaminated Water Flow Illustration, 30 March 2011 rates measured ranged from 0.02 to 0.19 microsievert per hour, which is within or slightly above the background.
 Fukushima Impact on Marine Environment, 30 March 2011
 Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Photos, 29 March 2011 The second team made additional measurements at distances of 32 to 62 km, at directions North to Northwest from
 Watch Video the Fukushima nuclear power plant. At these locations, the dose rates ranged from 0.5 to 6.8 microsievert per hour.
At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged from 0.05 to
On Wednesday, 30 March 2011, the IAEA provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety 0.45 Megabecquerel per square metre.
in Japan.
Based on measurements of I-131 and Cs-137 in soil, sampled from 18 to 26 March in 9 municipalities at distances
1. Current Situation of 25 to 58 km from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, the total deposition of iodine-131 and caesium-137
has been calculated. The results indicate a pronounced spatial variability of the total deposition of iodine-131
Overall at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, the situation remains very serious. and caesium-137. The average total deposition determined at these locations for iodine-131 range from 0.2 to
25 Megabecquerel per square metre and for caesium-137 from 0.02-3.7 Megabecquerel per square metre. The
With respect to the water that is present in the turbine buildings. In Unit 1, water has continued to be pumped into highest values were found in a relatively small area in the Northwest from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant. First
the condenser with 3 pumps (6.5 ton/hour each) and the water level has reduced from 40 cm to 20 cm. In Unit 2 assessment indicates that one of the IAEA operational criteria for evacuation is exceeded in Iitate village. We advised
from 07.45 UTC, pumping of water from the Condensate Storage Tank into the Surge Tank was started so that the counterpart to carefully assess the situation. They indicated that they are already assessing.
the that condenser can be drained to the Condensate Storage Tank and contaminated water can be pumped out
from the Turbine building into the condenser. The same process of pumping the water from the Condensed Water As far as food contamination is concerned, 35 samples taken from 25–29 March, and reported on 29 March, for
Storage Tank into the Surge Tank was started on Unit 3 at 08.40 UTC on 28 March. various vegetables, fruit (strawberry), seafood, pork and unprocessed raw milk in nine prefectures (Chiba, Gunma,
Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Nagano, Niigata, Saitama, Tochigi and Yamagata), stated that results for iodine-131, caesium-134
Near the Unit 3 building, 3 workers spilled water over themselves when removing a flange from seawater pipes on and caesium-137 were either not detected or were below the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities.
the residual heat removal system (RHR). After showering, contamination was not detected.
The Joint FAO/IAEA Food Safety Assessment Team met with local government officials in Tochigi prefecture on
Fresh water has been continuously injected into the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) through feed-water line at an 29 March and provided advice related to contamination of food and the environment.
indicated flow rate of 8.0 m3/h at Unit 1. The pumping of freshwater into the RPV has been switched from fire trucks
to temporary electrical pumps with diesel generator. At Units 2 and 3 fresh water is being injected continuously Local government officials briefed the FAO/IAEA Team on the extent of contamination in Tochigi, the principle
through the fire extinguisher line at an indicated rate of 7 m3/h using a temporary electric pump. agricultural products affected, the main production areas and production methods (greenhouses, open-air), levels
of contamination found (principally in air, tap/ground water and vegetables) and imminent plans to monitor soil
The indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV of Unit 1 has decreased from 323°C to 281°C and at contamination. A field visit also took place to a spinach producer outside Utsunomiya City.
the bottom of RPV remained stable at 134°C. There is a corresponding decrease in Drywell pressure. At Unit 2 the
indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV has increased from 154°C to 177°C and at the bottom of Based on these latest discussions with the Tochigi authorities, it is apparent that the focus of the Joint FAO/IAEA
RPV has increased from 78°C to 88°C. Indicated Drywell pressure remains at atmospheric pressure. For Unit 3 the mission has changed to some extent from the mechanisms of contamination to remediation strategies and
indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is about 75°C and at the bottom of RPV is about 116°C. techniques related to plant and animal production, food traceability and water/soil characterization.
The validity of the RPV temperature measurement at the feed water nozzle is still under investigation.
The FAO/IAEA team is also meeting with the local government officials in Gunma prefecture today.
With respect to the Spent Fuel Pools, it was planned to commence the pumping of water into the Unit 1 Spent Fuel
Pool by concrete pumping truck from 29 March. Also, on 29 March pumping of fresh water into the Unit 2 spent fuel No new results from the marine monitoring stations 30 km off-shore as well as from close to the discharge, were
pool commenced via a temporary electrical pump. The temperature of the spent fuel pool is 46°C as of 19:00 UTC, reported since 27 March.
29 March. For Unit 4 it was planned to commence pumping freshwater into the spent fuel pool on March 29. The
IAEA has not received information on implementation of spraying activities in Units 1 and 4. One IAEA staff member of the Monaco marine laboratory will fly to Japan on 31 March in order to join the Japanese
team assessing marine environment.
The IAEA continues activities under the Joint Radiation Emergency Management Plan of the International IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 30 March 2011 / 14:30 UTC
Organisations through regular video/teleconferences. As of 30 March the WHO liaison officer is working in the IEC.
In response to the request for data on measurement, the IEC has received information from Singapore. The Unit 1 2 3 4
Singapore Authorities have sent reports on measurements in food imported from Japan (cabbages). Some samples
Power (MWe/MWth) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381
were over the Codex Alimentarius values recommended for international trade. In Singapore no increase in gamma
dose rates have been observed and no fission products have been found in air samples. Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4

Illustration of the contaminated water flow Status at Time of EQ In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown Outage
Reactor building Core and Fuel Integrity Damaged Severe damage Damaged No fuel in the Reactor
RPV & RCS Integrity RPV temperature decreased RPV temperature increased RPV temperature stable
Not applicable due to
Turbine building
outage plant status

Vertical duct AC power available —
Room

Water Level of RPV
Pressure of RPV Stable Stable Stable
CV Pressure Drywell Decreased Stable Stable Not applicable due to

outage plant status
Tunnel with diesel backup power with diesel backup power with diesel backup power
Freshwater injection via Seawater injection via Seawater injection via

Depth of the
Dose rate at the vertical duct
Spent Fuel Pool Status Spraying to be considered Fuel Pool Cooling Line and Fuel Pool Cooling Line and Fuel Pool Cooling Line
surface of the temporary electric pump Periodic spraying and Periodic spraying
contaminated Depth of the
water (mSv/h) contaminated water Unit 5 6 Severe Conditions
Power 784/2381 1100/3293
Distance of the Type of Reactor BWR-4 BWR-5 Concern

Unit No. 1
duct to the sea Status at the EQ Occurred Outage Outage
Concern
RPV & RCS Integrity
AC Power
Water Level of RPV
More than 1 000 mSv/h
Meter
Not measured Spent Fuel Pool Status
Updates of 29 March 2011 Five soil samples, collected at distances between 500 and 1 000 metres from the exhaust stack of Unit 1 and 2
of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant on 21 and 22 March, were analysed for plutonium-238 and for the sum of
plutonium-239 and plutonium-240. (Due to analytical reasons, the isotopes plutonium-239 and plutonium-240
cannot be measured separately). Plutonium-238 was detected in 2 of the 5 samples, while plutonium-239/240 was
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (29 March 2011, 16:30 UTC) detected in all samples as expected.
On Tuesday, 29 March 2011, the IAEA provided the following briefing on the current status of nuclear safety in Concentrations reported for both, plutonium-238 and plutonium-239/240 are similar to those deposited in Japan as
Japan: a result of the testing of nuclear weapons. The ratio of the concentrations of plutonium-238 and plutonium-239/240
in two of the samples indicate that very small amounts of plutonium might have been released during the
1. Current Situation Fukushima accident, but this requires to be further clarified.
The situation at the Fukushima Daiichi plant remains very serious. As far as food contamination is concerned, 63 samples taken from 24–29 March, and reported on from 27–29 March,
for various vegetables, fruit (strawberries), mushrooms, eggs, seafood and pasteurized milk in eight prefectures
Accumulated contaminated water was found in trenches located close to the turbine buildings of Units 1 to 3. Dose (Chiba, Fukushima, Gunma, Ibaraki, Miyagi, Niigata, Tochigi and Yamagata), stated that results for iodine-131,
rates at the surface of this water were 0.4 millisieverts/hour for Unit 1 and over 1 000 millisieverts/hour for Unit 2 caesium-134 and caesium-137 were either not detected or were below the regulation values set by the Japanese
as of 18:30 UTC on 26 March. The Nuclear Safety Commission of Japan suggests that higher activity in the water authorities.
discovered in the Unit 2 turbine building is supposed to be caused by the water, which has been in contact with
molten fuel rods for a time and directly released into the turbine building via some, as yet unidentified path. An The Joint FAO/IAEA Food Safety Assessment Team met with local government authorities in Ibaraki prefecture on
investigation is underway as to how the water accumulated in the trenches. Measurements could not be carried out Monday and provided advice related to contamination of food and the environment, including the mechanisms and
at Unit 3 because of the presence of debris. persistence of such contamination, examples of remediation strategies, international standards and sampling plan
designs and radionuclide transfer from soil to plants, particularly as related to rice production in the area.
Fresh water has been continuously injected into the Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPVs) of Units 1, 2 and 3. From today
at Unit 1, the pumping of fresh water through the feed-water line will no longer be performed by fire trucks but by Local government authorities briefed the FAO/IAEA Team on the extent of contamination in Ibaraki, the principle
electrical pumps with a diesel generator. The switch to the use of such pumps has already been made in Units 2 and agricultural products affected, the main production areas and production methods (greenhouse, open-air) and
3. At Unit 3, the fresh water is being injected through the fire extinguisher line. levels of contamination found.
At Unit 1, there has been an increase in temperature at the feed-water nozzle of the RPV from 273.8 °C to 299 °C. The The FAO/IAEA team is also meeting with the local authorities in Tochigi prefecture today, and will meet with local
temperature at the bottom of the RPV remained stable at 135 °C. Temperatures at Unit 2 appear relatively stable at government officials in Gunma tomorrow.
the same measurement points. At Unit 3, the temperature at the feed-water nozzle of the RPV is about 61.5 °C and
120.9 °C at the bottom of the RPV. The validity of the RPV temperature measurement at the feed water nozzle is still
under investigation. Sea Water Samples
With the increase in temperature at Unit 1, there has been a corresponding increase in Drywell pressure. In the No new results from the marine monitoring stations 30 km off-shore were reported for 27 or 28 March. However,
Drywell of Unit 2, the indicated pressure dropped slightly and is just above atmospheric. new analyses in seawater 330 m east to the discharges point of NPP Units 1–4 were made available for 27 March.
These concentrations show a significant decrease from 74 000 Becquerel per litre of iodine-131, 12 000 Becquerel
It is planned to begin pumping fresh water into the spent fuel pool of Unit 4 today, on 29 March. per litre of caesium-137, and 12 000 Becquerel per litre of caesium-134 on 26 March to 11 000 Becquerel per litre of
iodine-131 and 1 900 Becquerel per litre of caesium-137 on 27 March.
Sea water samples were also collected daily at a location 30 m from the common discharge point for Units 5–6.
2. Radiation Monitoring These results also show an increase in the radionuclide concentrations on 26 March. The sea water samples collected
on March 27 show as well a decrease of the radionuclide concentration.
On 28 March, deposition of iodine-131 was detected in 12 prefectures, and deposition of caesium-137 in 9 prefec-
tures. The highest values were observed in the prefecture of Fukushima with 23 000 becquerel per square metre
for iodine-131 and 790 becquerel per square metre for caesium-137. In the other prefectures where deposition of
iodine-131 was reported, the range was from 1.8 to 280 becquerel per square metre. For caesium-137, the range
was from 5.5 to 52 becquerel per square metre. In the Shinjyuku district of Tokyo, the daily deposition of both
iodine-131 and caesium-137 was below 50 becquerel per square metre. No significant changes were reported in the
45 prefectures in gamma dose rates compared to yesterday.
As of 28 March information on radioactivity in drinking water collected mainly from the Japanese Ministry of Health,
Labour and Welfare indicates that recommendations for restrictions based on I-131 concentration remain in place
only in four locations in the prefecture of Fukushima. To date, no recommendations for restrictions have been made
based on Cs-137. The Japanese limits for the ingestion of drinking water by infants is 100 becquerel per litre.
A model with tracer release directly in the sea show an along shore propagation in the southern direction and a
northeast propagation moving away from the coast.
Fig. 1: Temporal trend of the seawater concentration near the discharge Fig. 2: Temporal trend for radionuclide concentration in
point of units 1 to 4 of I-131, Cs-134 and Cs-137. Limits set by Japanese seawater near the discharge point of Units 5 and 6.
authorities are also indicated with 40 Bq/L for I-131 and 90 Bq/L for
Cs-137. Other reported radionuclides at this location were I-132,
Cs-134 and Cs-136. (NB: Data are reported in Becquerel per
cubic-centimeter. For conversion into Bq/L the values have to be
multiplied by a factor of 1000.)
It can be expected that the data will be quite variable in the near future depending on the discharge levels. In
general, dilutions by ocean currents and into deeper waters as well decay of short lived radionuclides e.g. I-131 or
I-132 will soon lead to lower values.
Fig. 3: Results of the dispersion model of an initial discharge Fig. 4: Results of model calculation for the aerial deposition of
from the Fukushima NPPs into sea water and the expected radionuclides on sea surface and the calculated concentration
Marine Organisms distribution of surface concentration for 25 March. field on 25 March in surface seawater.
Discharge of the model started on 11 March.
First analyses were reported in fish carried out by the National Research Institute of Fishery Research. 5 samples of
fish were collected from the port of Choshi (Chiba prefecture) and 4 of 5 samples showed Cs-137 concentrations
below limit of detection. In one sample Cs-137 was found with 3 Bq/kg (fresh weight) and it was reported that it was
slightly above the limit of detection. This concentration is far below any concern for fish consumption. With tracer release from atmospheric deposition, the propagation stretch offshore entering the Kuro-Shivo current
in few days.
It is still too early to draw conclusions for expected concentrations on marine food, because the situation may
change rapidly, however, it is expected that the detected initial concentrations of seawater will soon drop to lower The first results are shown in Fig. 3 and 4. The data are converted into Bq/L by assuming arbitrary discharge or aerial
values by dilution and the levels in marine food will most likely not reach levels above given limits for consumption, release activities, respectively. The results should just be taken as indication of the dilution capacity and transport
(presuming that discharges of contaminated seawater from the reactor will not continue). It is not expected that fish route of sea water.
or other marine food will be collected in a close area to the NPP Fukushima at the present situation. Some marine
algae are known to accumulate in particular I-131 and Tc-99m. However, these values will soon be of no concern due  View Presentation
to the short half-lives of the radionuclides mentioned.  IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status
Modelling Marine Dispersion
The Group SIROCCO of the Observatoire Midi-Pyrenées of the University of Toulouse, CNRS, is continuing to carry
out model calculations. The model is based on an ocean circulation and current weather conditions and they results
showed an initial north-eastern transport of liquid releases from the damaged reactors and the contaminated water
would reach the northern monitored stations between 1 and 2 weeks later.
IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 29 March 2011 / 05:00 a.m. UTC Updates of 28 March 2011
Unit 1 2 3 4
Power (MWe/MWth) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident Update (28 March, 23:00 UTC)
Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4 Japan Confirms Plutonium in Soil Samples at Fukushima Daiichi.

Status at Time of EQ In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown Outage After taking soil samples at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, Japanese authorities today confirmed find-
ing traces of plutonium that most likely resulted from the nuclear accident there. The Nuclear and Industrial Safety
Agency told the IAEA that the Tokyo Electric Power Company ( TEPCO) had found concentrations of plutonium in
RPV & RCS Integrity RPV temperature increased RPV temperature stable RPV temperature stable two of five soil samples.
outage plant status
Containment Integrity No information Damage suspected Damage suspected Traces of plutonium are not uncommon in soil because they were deposited worldwide during the atmospheric
nuclear testing era. However, the isotopic composition of the plutonium found at F ukushima Daiichi suggests the
AC power available — AC power available —
AC power available — material came from the reactor site, according to TEPCO officials. Still, the quantity of plutonium found does not
Power to instrumentation — Power to instrumentation — AC Power available —
AC Power Lighting to Central Control exceed background levels tracked by Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology over
Lighting to Central Control Lighting to Central Control Power to instrumentation
Room available the past 30 years.
Room available Room available

IAEA Director General’s Briefing: Fukushima Nuclear Accident
Water Level of RPV
(28 March 2011, 14:30 UTC)
Pressure of RPV Slightly increasing Stable Stable Ladies and Gentlemen,
CV Pressure Drywell Slightly increasing Stable Stable Not applicable due to I will make a few general introductory remarks before handing over to my colleagues for the Technical Briefing. The
outage plant status current situation can be summarised as follows:
Injection of freshwater — Injection of freshwater —
Water Injection to RPV Injection of freshwater via mobile electric pump via mobile electric pump
with diesel backup power with diesel backup power — Situation remains very serious.
— Priority now is to overcome the crisis.
Water Injection to CV No information No information No information — We are also planning ahead.
Seawater injection via Seawater injection via — The IAEA is doing everything in its power to help Japan.
Seawater injection via Fuel
Spent Fuel Pool Status Spraying to be considered Fuel Pool Cooling Line and Fuel Pool Cooling and
Pool Cooling Line Let me elaborate a little.
Periodic spraying Periodic spraying
The crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi plant has still not been overcome and it will take some time to stabilise the reactors.
Power 784/2381 1100/3293 For now, radioactivity in the environment, foodstuffs and water — including the sea — is a matter of concern in the
Type of Reactor BWR-4 BWR-5 vicinity of the Fukushima plant and beyond. Current levels indicate a need for further comprehensive monitoring.
Concern
On the positive side, electrical power has been restored at Units 1, 2 and 3 and fresh water is now available on the
Core and Fuel No Immediate site. Since I addressed the special Board meeting a week ago, we have put two radiation monitoring teams on the
Concern ground in Japan. An FAO/IAEA Food Safety Assessment Team is also now on the spot, meeting officials in prefectures
RPV & RCS Integrity
affected by contamination.
AC Power In a crisis of this nature, it is vital to provide, and share, speedy and accurate information.
Building Cold Shutdown Cold Shutdown From the beginning, we have been working closely with the Japanese government and with the safety agency NISA.
Water Level of RPV
electrical power and electrical power and My visit to Tokyo, and the presence of IAEA staff on the ground, have improved both the flow of information and the
Pressure of RPV existing plant equipment. existing plant equipment. level of mutual understanding of a variety of technical issues. This has been an interactive process: as well as receiv-
Containment Pressure ing information, we have been asking questions, providing advice and obtaining clarifications.
On Friday (25 March 2011), I took part in a video conference with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon and the heads
Water Injection to CV of a number of major Agencies.
I explained that we have been working fully in accordance with the Joint Radiation Emergency Management NISA informed the IEC that a meeting is planned with TEPCO to determine the origin and path of water in the
Plan of the International Organizations. The Plan is co-sponsored by fifteen organisations and the IAEA is the turbine buildings of Units 1 to 4. As seen with the contaminated workers, high dose rates in the turbine buildings
focal c oordinating body. Our Incident and Emergency Centre has distributed information, channelled offers of and contaminated water in the basements can hamper recovery efforts.
cooperation, sent missions to Japan, and coordinated with partners including WHO, FAO, WMO, ICAO and CTBTO.
The pumping of contaminated water from the basement floor of Unit 1’s turbine building into its main condenser
I will meet the UN Secretary General and the heads of agencies again later this week at the Chief Executives’ Board is in progress, whereas at Unit 2 that process has not begun because the steam condenser is full. At Unit 3, the
meeting in Kenya to strengthen coordination. pumping of contaminated water and in particular where it is going, are under consideration. The issue is also being
examined for Unit 4.
Ladies and gentlemen,
Temperatures measured at the feed water nozzle and at the bottom of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) continue to
The crisis is not yet over, but we need to start thinking about the future. Once the situation has been stabilised, the decrease slightly at Units 1 and 2, except the temperature at the feed water nozzle of Unit 1’s RPV, which has slightly
Agency would like to send an international expert mission to conduct an assessment of the accident. This should increased to 274 °C.
include an element of peer review.
A positive development is that the pumping of fresh water into the reactor pressure vessel of Unit 1 is to switch
The Fukushima crisis has confronted the Agency and the international community with a major challenge. It is vitally from the use of fire trucks to temporary electrical pumps running on off-site power on 29 March. At Unit 2, this
important that we learn the right lessons from what happened on March 11, and afterwards, in order to strengthen switch was carried out on 27 March, with a diesel generator as backup in case off-site power is interrupted. Fresh
nuclear safety throughout the world. Following my statement at the Board of Governors meeting last week water is also being injected continuously into the reactor pressure vessel of Unit 3, albeit currently pumped by fire
(21 March 2011), many countries joined my call for robust follow-up action. trucks. The switch to temporary electrical pumps for this unit is planned for today.
I would therefore like to propose that a high-level IAEA Conference on Nuclear Safety should take place here in Vienna On 27 March at Unit 3, water was sprayed into the spent fuel pool using a concrete pump truck, and seawater was
before the summer. also pumped in through the spent fuel cooling system. It is planned to start pumping fresh water into the spent fuel
pool tomorrow.
The conference should cover the following points:
It is also planned to commence pumping freshwater into the spent fuel pool of Unit 4 from tomorrow.
— an initial assessment of the Fukushima accident, its impact and consequences;
— considering the lessons that need to be learned; Units 5 and 6 remain in cold shutdown.
— launching the process of strengthening nuclear safety;
— and strengthening the response to nuclear accidents and emergencies. At noon today in Japan, the three workers mentioned in previous briefings were released from the National Institute
of Radiological Sciences where they had been kept under observation. The result of analyses performed indicates
The work ahead will be substantial. I firmly believe that the IAEA is the best venue for follow-up on the Fukushima that the level of localised exposure received by two of them is between 2,000 and 3,000 millisievert (i.e. somewhat
accident. We have the necessary expertise, extensive membership and can ensure transparency. lower than the previous estimate of 2,000 to 6,000 millisievert).
I will keep you informed and count on your full support and cooperation. 2. Radiation Monitoring
Thank you. On 27 March, deposition of iodine-131 was detected in 9 prefectures, and deposition of caesium-137 in 4 pre-
fectures. The highest values were observed in the prefecture of Tochigi with 320 becquerel per square metre for
 Watch Video iodine-131 and 73 becquerel per square metre for caesium-137. In the other prefectures where deposition of
iodine-131 was reported, on 27 March, the range was from 6.4 to 110 becquerel per square metre. For caesium-137,
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (28 March 2011, 14:30 UTC) the range was from 16 to 61 becquerel per square metre. In the Shinjyuku district of Tokyo, the daily deposition of
iodine-131 on 27 March was 100 becquerel per square metre, while for caesium-137 it was 36 becquerel per square
On Monday, 28 March 2011, Graham Andrew, Special Adviser to the IAEA Director General on Scientific and metre. No significant changes were reported in the 45 prefectures in gamma dose rates compared to yesterday.
Technical Affairs, provided the following briefing on the current status of nuclear safety in Japan:
Two IAEA teams are currently monitoring radiation levels and radioactivity in the environment in Japan. One team
1. Current Situation made gamma dose-rate measurements in the Tokyo and Chiba region at 3 locations. Gamma-dose rates measured
ranged from 0.08 to 0.13 microsievert per hour, which is within or slightly above the background. The second team
An earthquake of magnitude 6.5 occurred at 22:23 UTC on 27 March near the east coast of Honshu. NISA has made additional measurements at distances of 30 to 46 km from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. At these
confirmed that there have been no abnormal radiation readings at the Onagawa nuclear power plant, the closest to locations, the dose rates ranged from 0.5 to 3 microsievert per hour. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma
the epicentre, whose three units remain in cold shutdown since the earthquake of 11 March. As of 02:30 UTC today, contamination measurements ranged from 0.02 to 0.3 Megabecquerel per square metre.
there were no reports of any problems at nuclear plants in Japan related to the latest seismic event.
Overall at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, the situation is still very serious.
New results from the marine monitoring stations 30 km off-shore were received for seawater samples taken on IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 28 March 2011 / 05:00 a.m. UTC
26 March. The levels decreased at most of the locations. For iodine-131 the concentration results for four moni-
toring stations are between 6 to 18 becquerel per litre, and for caesium-137 between “below limit of detection”
and 16 becquerel per litre. The dose rates measured on the sea surface remain relatively low between 0.04 and Unit 1 2 3 4
0.1 microsievert per hour.
Power (MWe/MWth) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381
Samples collected on 26 March 330 metres east of the discharge point showed increasing concentrations. There Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4
and
were found to be 74 000 becquerel per litre for iodine-131, 12 000 becquerel per litre for caesium-137,
12 000 becquerel per litre for caesium-134. Status at Time of EQ In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown Outage
It is still too early to draw conclusions for expected concentrations in marine food, because the situation can change Core and Fuel Integrity Damaged Damaged Damaged No fuel in the Reactor
rapidly. Modelling results show an initial north-eastern transport of liquid releases from the damaged reactors.
RPV & RCS Integrity RPV temperature stable RPV temperature stable RPV temperature stable
Monitoring of iodine-131 and caesium-137 in drinking water is on-going. Iodine-131 has been monitored by the outage plant status
Japanese authorities in 2 of 10 samples taken in the Fukushima prefecture with values of 60 and 90 becquerel per
litre. In the Ibaraki prefectures, iodine-131 was detected in 2 of 9 samples, the values were 40 and 90 becquerel per AC power available — AC power available —
litre. The Japanese limits for the ingestion of drinking water by infants is 100 becquerel per litre. AC Power Lighting to Central Control
Room available
As far as food contamination is concerned, samples reported from 26 to 27 March in six prefectures (Fukushima,
Gunma, Ibaraki, Niigata, Tochigi and Yamagata) reported iodine-131 in asparagus, cabbage, celery, chive, cucum- Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage
ber, eggplant, leek, mushrooms, parsley, tomato, spinach and other leafy vegetables, strawberries and watermelon. Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is
One sample of hana wasabi taken on 24 March in Fukushima prefecture was above the regulation values set by Water Level of RPV
the Japanese authorities. Caesium-137 was also measured above the regulation value in the same sample of hana
wasabi, but in the remaining five prefectures, caesium-137 was not detected or the results were below regulation Pressure of RPV Slightly increasing Stable Stable
values.
CV Pressure Drywell Stable Stable Stable Not applicable due to
outage plant status
The Joint FAO/IAEA Food Safety Assessment Team met with local government authorities in Fukushima on Sunday Injection of freshwater —
and discussed issues related to food contamination, including standards and sampling plan designs for radio- Water Injection to RPV Injection of freshwater via mobile electric pump Injection of freshwater
nuclides in food and the environment, radionuclide transfer from soil to plants, and mitigation strategies. The with diesel backup power
FAO/IAEA team also met with the local authority in Ibaraki prefecture today. They will have meetings with local
government officials in Tochigi and Gunma tomorrow.
Seawater injection via Seawater injection via
Seawater injection via Fuel
 Watch Video Spent Fuel Pool Status No spraying reported Fuel Pool Cooling Line and Fuel Pool Cooling and
Pool Cooling Line
Periodic spraying Periodic spraying
Presentations:
 IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident, 28 March 2011
 Deposition/Time Integrated Concentration Model, 28 March 2011 Power 784/2381 1100/3293
 Fukushima NPPs Potential Impact on Marine Environment, 28 March 2011 Type of Reactor BWR-4 BWR-5 Concern
 Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 05:00 UTC, 28 March 2011
 Radiological Consequences of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident, 28 March 2011
Concern
RPV & RCS Integrity
AC Power
Water Level of RPV
Updates of 27 March 2011 gamma dose-rates tend to decrease due to the decay of short-lived radionuclides such as iodine-131.
Two IAEA teams are currently monitoring in Japan. One team made gamma dose-rate measurements in the Tokyo
region at 8 locations. Gamma dose-rates measured ranged from 0.08 to 0.15 microsievert per hour, which is within
or slightly above the normal background. The second team made additional measurements at distances of 30 to 41
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (27 March 2011, 13:30 UTC) km from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. At these locations, the dose-rates ranged from 0.9 to 17 microsievert
per hour. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged from 0.03 to 3.1 Meg-
1. Current Situation abecquerel per square metre.

The situation at the Fukushima Daiichi plant remains very serious. The first results of aerial surveys of gamma dose-rates by the Japanese authorities have been received by the Inci-
dent and Emergency Centre. These are being analysed and will be presented when more detailed data have been
The restoration of off-site power continues and lighting is now available in the central control rooms of Units 1, 2 received.
and 3. Also, fresh water is now being injected into the Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPVs) of all three Units.
New data from monitoring of the marine environment, carried out from 24 March, 22:55 UTC to 25 March, 03:32 UTC
Radiation measurements in the containment vessels and suppression chambers of Units 1, 2 and 3 continued to about 30 km offshore, show a decrease in both caesium-137 and iodine 131. The contamination at these locations is
decrease. White “smoke” continued to be emitted from Units 1 to 4. influenced by aerial deposition of fallout as well as by the migration of contaminated seawater from the discharge
points at the reactor. The measured radiation doses rates above the sea remain consistently low (between 0.04 and
Pressure in the RPV showed a slight increase at Unit 1 and was stable at Units 2 and 3, possibly indicating that there 0.1 microsievert per hour). The first results of model predictions received from the SIROCCO Group at the University
has been no major breach in the pressure vessels. of Toulouse are being assessed.
At Unit 1, the temperature measured at the bottom of the RPV fell slightly to 142 °C. At Unit 2, the temperature at Recommendations relating to the restriction of drinking water consumption, based on measured concentrations
the bottom of the RPV fell to 97 °C from 100 °C reported in the Update provided yesterday. Pumping of water from of iodine-131, remain in place in seven locations (in one location for both adults and infants, and in six locations for
the turbine hall basement to the condenser is in progress with a view to allowing power restoration activities to infants).
continue.
As far as food contamination is concerned, samples taken from 23 to 25 March in five prefectures showed iodine-131
At Unit 3, plans are being made to pump water from the turbine building to the main condenser but the method in unprocessed raw milk, but the levels were far below the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities. Cae-
has not yet been decided. This should reduce the radiation levels in the turbine building and reduce the risk of con- sium-137 was also detected in samples of unprocessed raw milk taken on 23 March in Chiba prefecture, but at levels
tamination of workers in the turbine building restoring equipment. far below the Japanese regulation values. Caesium-137 was not detected in any of the samples taken from 24-25
March in the other four prefectures.
No notable change has been reported in the condition of Unit 4.
Based on samples taken on 22 and 24-25 March, three prefectures (Chiba, Ibaraki and Tochigi) reported iodine-131
Water is still being added to the spent fuel pools of Units 1 to 4 and efforts continue to restore normal cooling in celery, parsley, spinach and other leafy vegetables above the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities.
functions. Caesium-137 was also detected above the regulation values in one sample of spinach taken on 24 March in Tochigi
prefecture, but in the remaining two prefectures, the results were below regulation values.
The Joint FAO/IAEA Food Safety Assessment Team arrived in Tokyo on Saturday. It will meet regulatory officials in
We understand that three workers who suffered contamination are still under observation in hospital. various prefectures where food contamination has been detected. The team left for Fukushima early today. The Mis-
sion will assist and provide advice on sampling protocols, analytical procedures, data collected to date and actions
2. Radiation Monitoring taken by the Japanese authorities for the control of contaminated foods.
Dose rates at the Fukushima site continue to trend downwards.  View Presentation on next page
In 28 of the 45 prefectures for which data are available, no deposition of radionuclides was detected in the period
18 to 25 March. In seven of the other 17 prefectures, the estimated daily deposition was less than 500 becquerel per
square metre for iodine-131 and less that 100 becquerel per square metre for caesium-137.
On 26 March, the highest values were observed in the prefecture of Yamagata: 7 500 becquerel per square metre for
iodine-131 and 1200 becquerel per square metre for caesium-137. In the other prefectures where deposition of io-
dine-131 was reported, the daily range was from 28 to 860 becquerel per square metre. For caesium-137, the range
was from 2.5 to 86 becquerel per square metre.
In the Shinjyuku district of Tokyo, the daily deposition of iodine-131 on 27 March was 220 becquerel per square
metre, while for caesium-137 it was 12 becquerel per square metre.
No significant changes were reported in the 45 prefectures in gamma dose rates compared to yesterday. In general,
IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 27 March 2011 / 05:00 a.m. UTC Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (27 March 2011, 09:00 UTC)
According to the Japanese Prime Minister’s office, TEPCO has begun work to remove water that has accumulated
Unit 1 2 3 4 in the turbine buildings at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Workers have started to remove water from
Power (MWe/MWth) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381 the Unit 1 turbine building to its main condenser and are making preparations to do the same at Unit 2. (A main
condenser’s function in a nuclear power plant is to condense and recover steam that passes through the turbine.)
Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4 Work to remove water from the turbine buildings in Units 3 and 4 is currently under consideration.

Status at Time of EQ In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown Outage Removal of water from the turbine buildings is an important step to continue power restoration to the plant.
Core and Fuel Integrity Damaged Damaged Damaged No fuel in the Reactor
The IAEA is seeking further updates from Japanese authorities on the progress of this process and will update as
RPV temperature slightly information becomes available.
increasing Not applicable due to
outage plant status
Containment Integrity No information Damage suspected Damage suspected Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (27 March 2011, 03:00 UTC)
AC power available — AC power available —
AC power available — As previously reported, three workers at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant were exposed on 24 March
AC Power Lighting to Central Control to elevated levels of radiation. The IAEA has received additional information on the incident from the Japanese
Room available authorities.
Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage For two of the three workers, significant skin contamination over their legs was confirmed. The Japanese authorities
Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is have stated that during medical examinations carried out at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in the
Water Level of RPV
shown uncovered (Stable) uncovered (Stable) uncovered (Stable) Chiba Prefecture, the level of local exposure to the workers’ legs was estimated to be between 2 and 6 sieverts.
Pressure of RPV Slightly increasing Stable Stable

While the patients did not require medical treatment, doctors decided to keep them in hospital and monitor their
Not applicable due to progress over coming days.
CV Pressure Drywell Stable Stable Stable outage plant status
Water Injection to RPV Injection of freshwater Injection of freshwater Injection of freshwater Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (27 March 2011, 01:15 UTC)
Brief Update on State of Fukushima Daiichi Reactors
Seawater injection via
Spent Fuel Pool Status No spraying reported Cooling Line and Periodic Cooling and Periodic AC Power-Units 1 to 4
Cooling Line
spraying spraying
The restoration work of off-site (i.e. grid) power is still in progress. Off-site power is now connected to Units 1 to 4.
Unit 5 6 Power distribution panels in the Power Centres of Units 2 and 4 have been connected to the off-site electricity
Severe Conditions supply, but individual components are still being checked prior to being energised.
Power 784/2381 1100/3293
Type of Reactor BWR-4 BWR-5 Concern The lighting in Units 1, 2 and 3 control rooms has been restored. Some instrumentation was recovered for Units 1, 2
Status at the EQ Occurred Outage Outage and 4. However, due to the extent of damage inflicted by the earthquake and tsunami, at present it is not possible to
estimate when the equipment may be returned to service.
Concern
RPV & RCS Integrity AC Power-Units 5 and 6
Off-site power has been restored.
AC Power
Building Cold Shutdown Cold Shutdown Unit 1
Water Level of RPV
Fresh water continues to be injected into the reactor pressure vessel.
Containment Pressure As of 25 March, 23:00 UTC, white “smoke” was confirmed to be emanating continuously from the reactor building.
Water sample taken from the stagnant water on the basement floor of the turbine building shows the presence of
iodine-131, caesium-137 and caesium-134 to a level comparable to that measured in the turbine building of Unit 3
where three workers were exposed to elevated levels of radiation on 24 March.
Updates of 26 March 2011
Unit 2
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (26 March 2011, 15:15 UTC)
Fresh water continues to be injected into the reactor pressure vessel.
The IAEA has been informed by Japanese authorities that fresh water is now being used in place of sea water to cool
As of 25 March, 23:00 UTC, white “smoke” was confirmed to be emanating continuously from the reactor building. the reactor pressure vessels at Units 1, 2 and 3 at the Fukushima nuclear power plant. The switch to fresh water is
preferable as it leaves fewer deposits in components and is less corrosive than sea water.
The spent fuel pool temperature increased and then stabilized at 57 °C as of 26 March, 00:30 UTC.
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (26 March 2011, 14:30 UTC)
Unit 3
On Saturday, 26 March 2011, Graham Andrew, Special Adviser to the IAEA Director General on Scientific and
Fresh water is being injected into the reactor pressure vessel. Technical Affairs, provided the following briefing on the current status of nuclear safety in Japan:
The temperature at the bottom of reactor pressure vessel has decreased to 100.4 °C on 26 March, 13:00 UTC. 1. Current Situation
Seawater injection to the spent fuel pool is on-going.
The situation at the Fukushima Daiichi plant remains very serious.
White “smoke” emanating from the reactor building was still being observed as of 25 March, 23:00 UTC.
The restoration of off-site power is still progressing and instrumentation is being tested in Units 1, 2 and 4.
The dose rate in the reactor containment vessel and suppression chamber continued to decrease to 36.1 sieverts per
hour and 1.4 sieverts per hour, respectively, as of 26 March, 13:00 UTC . At Unit 1, the main change is the injection of freshwater to the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV). The temperature
measured at the bottom of the RPV is stable at 144 °C. Pressure in the RPV, containment vessel and suppression pool
Unit 4 have come back down after having increased from 22 to 24 March.
From March 22 to March 25, 130 to 150 tonnes of seawater was poured into the spent fuel pool each day using a At Unit 2, the injection of freshwater to the RPV commenced at 01:00 on 26 March. The RPV temperature is stable at
concrete pump. Sea water was also poured in through the spent fuel cooling system from 24 March, 21:05 UTC to 100 °C at the bottom of the RPV. The pressure measured in the RPV and in the containment pressure vessel is stable
25 March, 01:20. at circa one atmosphere.
White “smoke” was still being observed coming from the reactor building as of 25 March, 23:00 UTC. Freshwater is also being injected in the RPV of Unit 3. Temperature measurement at the feed-water nozzle of Unit 3’s
RPV is still judged to be unreliable, but at the bottom of the RPV it is stable at 102 °C. White “smoke” continues to be
Unit 5 emitted as of 23:00 UTC on 25 March from Unit 3, as it does from Unit 4. Unit 3 shows a consistently low contain-
ment drywell pressure of circa 1 atmosphere.
The reactor remains in cold shutdown. Off-site power has been restored. The reactor water temperature increased to
43.8 °C. There have been high radiation readings in Units 1 and 3, the likelihood of damage to the containment integrity of
Unit 3 is a cause for concern.
The temperature in the spent fuel pool increased to 42.8 °C as of 26 March, 02:00 UTC.
We understand that a total of 17 TEPCO workers and contractors have received doses between 100 and
Unit 6 180 millisievert. TEPCO measured the dose rate of 400 millisievert per hour above the surface of the water in the
Unit 3 turbine building where 2 workers had been contaminated.
The reactor remains in cold shutdown. Off-site power has been restored. The reactor pressure vessel water tempera-
ture decreased to 21.3 °C. Units 5 and 6 are still in cold shutdown, with slight variations in RPV water temperatures (down a few degrees at
Unit 5, up a few at Unit 6).
The spent fuel pool water temperature has slightly increased to 30.0 °C.
2. Radiation Monitoring
Deposition of radioactivity is monitored daily by Japanese authorities in all 47 prefectures. From 24 to 25 March,
the daily level of deposition decreased in all but one prefecture. The highest value was observed in the prefecture
of Ibaraki, where on 25 March a deposition of 480 becquerel per square metre for iodine-131 was observed; the
highest value for caesium 137 was measured in Yamagata at 150 becquerel per square metre. For the Shinjyuku
district of Tokyo, the additional deposition of iodine-131 and caesium-137 on 25 March was below 200 becquerel
per square metre.
Monitoring of the marine environment has continued. New data for 21 to 25 March on radionuclide concentrations IAEA Summary of Reactor Unit Status at 26 March 2011 / 07:00 a.m. UTC
were made available for the discharge area 330 metres south of the pipeline of Fukushima Daiichi. The levels are
generally quite high and vary significantly with time. The highest levels were detected at 25 March with, for exam-
ple, 50 000 becquerel per litre of iodine-131, 7200 becquerel per litre of caesium-137, and 7000 becquerel per litre of Unit 1 2 3 4
caesium-134. Other short lived radionuclides were also reported. No new data has been reported by Japan from the
Power (MWe/MWth) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381
monitoring stations located about 30 km offshore.
Monitoring of drinking water is on-going: iodine-131 in drinking water was detected on 24 March in 12 prefectures,
whereas caesium-137 was detected in 6 of the 47 prefectures. In Tochigi, a value of 110 becquerel per litre was Status at Time of EQ In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown Outage
observed, which is above the recommended value for drinking water to be consumed by infants (i.e. 100 becquerel
per litre). All other measurements were far below 100 becquerel per litre. All caesium-137 concentrations measured Core and Fuel Integrity Damaged Damaged Damaged No fuel in the Reactor
were lower than 10 becquerel per litre, which is significantly below the limit set by Japan of 200 becquerel per litre.
RPV & RCS Integrity RPV temperature stable RPV temperature stable RPV temperature stable
Environmental monitoring of soil, surface water, vegetation and air continues to be carried out in the Fukushima outage plant status
prefecture. The monitoring results indicate high levels of contamination. The values reported are generally consist-
ent with measurements of gamma dose rates and beta-gamma contamination carried out by an IAEA monitoring AC power available —
Power to instrumentation — AC power available — AC Power available —
team. AC Power Lighting to Central Control
Lighting to Central Control Power to instrumentation Power to instrumentation
Room available
Room available
Two IAEA teams are currently monitoring in Japan. One team made gamma-dose rate measurements in Tokyo and
the south of Tokyo in the prefecture of Kanagawa. Gamma-dose rates ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 microsievert. Another Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage
monitoring team made additional measurements at distances of 23 to 97 km (in a southerly and south westerly Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is
direction) from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. At these locations, the dose rates ranged from 0.73 to 8.8 micro- Water Level of RPV
sievert per hour. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged from 0.02 to
0.4 Megabecquerel per square metre. Pressure of RPV Stable Stable Stable
CV Pressure Drywell Stable Stable Stable outage plant status
Two prefectures (Ibaraki, Tochigi) reported iodine-131 in unprocessed raw milk, but the measurement results were
below the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities. In addition, iodine-131 was not detected in any of the Water Injection to RPV Injection of freshwater Seawater Injection of freshwater
samples taken from the remaining four prefectures (Chiba, Gunma, Kanagawa and Saitama) and Tokyo. Caesium-137
was not detected in any of the samples. Water Injection to CV No information No information No information

For two prefectures (Ibaraki, Tochigi) iodine-131 and caesium-137 were reported in spinach and other leafy vegeta- Seawater injection via
Spent Fuel Pool Status No spraying reported Cooling Line and Periodic Cooling and Periodic
bles above the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities. However, iodine-131 and caesium-137 were either Cooling Line
spraying spraying
not detected or were below the regulation values, in all of the samples taken from the remaining four prefectures
(Chiba, Gunma, Kanagawa and Saitama) and Tokyo. In all six prefectures and Tokyo, no iodine-131 and caesium-137
were detected in leeks, or measurements were well below the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities.
 IAEA Summary of Fukushima Reactor Unit Status or see next page
Power 784/2381 1100/3293
Concern
RPV & RCS Integrity
AC Power
Water Level of RPV
Radioactive Materials Found in Japanese Seawater Sampling — Updated
IAEA Sends Second and Third Teams to Japan to Aid Response to Nuclear Emergency
Japanese authorities today reported data on radiation samples collected 30 kilometres off shore of the Fukushima
The IAEA has dispatched additional teams to Japan to assist in the response to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power Daiichi nuclear power plant on 24 March, and the levels of iodine-131 and caesium-137 showed slight variations
plant emergency. from data collected at the same locations on 23 March (See previous update).

On 24 March, a team of IAEA specialists travelled to Japan, where they will continue efforts to supplement Japan’s A vessel from the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) collected water samples at
radiation monitoring efforts. Team members include worker radiation protection experts and safeguards depart- eight points 30 kilometres from the coastline and found measurable concentrations of iodine-131 and caesium-137.
ment officials. The iodine concentrations measured were about at Japanese regulatory limits, and the caesium levels were well
below those limits.
On 25 March, a joint IAEA/Food and Agriculture Organization team departed Vienna. The three-person team in-
cluded the Head of the IAEA Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory, an IAEA soil scientist, and an FAO food The IAEA’s Environment Laboratories Monaco has received the data and offered this preliminary analysis:
safety specialist from FAO’s headquarters in Rome.
Dilution, both into deeper layers and by dispersion along the prevailing ocean currents will lead to a rapid decrease
This food safety assessment team will provide advice and assistance on sampling and analytical strategies and will of the initial surface contamination.
help interpret Japanese monitoring data.
For the short term, iodine-131 will be the relevant radionuclide as far as doses are concerned, but for the long term,
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (26 March 2011, 05:15 UTC) caesium-137 will be the more important radionuclide in the marine environment. It will be possible to follow this
nuclide over long distances for several years.
Brief Update on State of Fukushima Daiichi Reactors
It can be expected that radionuclides will take months or years to reach other shores of the Pacific. The main
Japanese authorities today confirmed a number of developments at the nuclear reactors at Fukushima Daiichi. transport of contamination takes place by atmospheric transport over long distances.
Unit 1
Workers have restored lighting in the control room and have recovered some instrumentation. As of 25 March, fresh
water is now being pumped into the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) instead of seawater.
Unit 2
Seawater injection into the reactor pressure vessel continues, and RPV pressures remain stable.
Unit 3
Workers are now pumping fresh water into the RPV, while seawater is pumped into the spent fuel pool. In addition,
firefighters sprayed water into the reactor building yesterday from the outside.
Unit 4
With no fuel in the RPV, concerns remain focused on the condition of the spent fuel pool, and workers continued to
use a concrete pump truck to pour water into the pool from above while pumping seawater into the pool through
the fuel pool cooling line.
Units 5 and 6
Both reactors have achieved safe, cold shutdown, and their fuel pool temperatures have stabilised at acceptable
levels.
Updates of 25 March 2011 Measurements in the marine environment have been carried out 30 km off-shore and 330 metres from the dis-
charge points on 23 March and repeated the next day. The results made available up to 25 March indicate concen-
trations of iodine-31 (some 80 becquerel/litre) and caesium-137 (about 26 becquerel/litre). This contamination is
most likely due to atmospheric fallout rather than just ocean currents. Dilution in the ocean is expected to decrease
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (25 March 2011, 15:30 UTC) rapidly this initial surface contamination. Caesium-137 will be more important over the long term owing to its half-
life (30 years) compared to that of iodine-131 (8 days). Modelling of the dispersion of these radionuclides has been
On Friday, 25 March 2011, Graham Andrew, Special Adviser to the IAEA Director General on Scientific and Technical started, and the first results are becoming available. Marine dispersion will of course be much slower than atmos-
Affairs, provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in Japan. pheric transport.
1. Current Situation Since yesterday, additional data has been made available by the Japanese authorities concerning radionuclide con-
centrations in milk, vegetables and drinking water.
There has not been much change at the Fukushima Daiichi plant over the last 24 hours. Some positive trends are
continuing, but there remain areas of uncertainty that are of serious concern. Levels of iodine-131 exceeded levels recommended by the Japanese authorities in five raw milk samples taken in
Fukushima Prefecture, and exceeded levels of iodine-131 and caesium-137 in one vegetable (mizuna) sampled in
Unit 1 is with off-site AC power to the lighting of its central control room and to some of its instrumentation. Unit Ibaraki Prefecture.
3 now also has lighting to its central control room, but not power to its instrumentation. It remains too early to
evaluate how much instrumentation may effectively be recovered at Units 1, 2, 3 and 4. Monitoring of drinking water is on-going, iodine-131 in drinking water was detected in 13 prefectures, caesium-137
was detected in 6 of the 47 prefectures. During the period of 19 to 23 March, all results remained below the lim-
Reactor pressure is decreasing at Unit 1 and so is seawater injection. On the other hand, pressure readings in the its set by the Japanese government. However, permissible levels of iodine-131 were exceeded in drinking water
reactor pressure vessels remain unreliable in Unit 2 and have become unreliable in Unit 3. samples taken in the Fukushima and Ibaraki Prefectures and in Tokyo from 17 to 23 March. More positively, the
iodine-131 levels in drinking water for Tokyo are now below limits for consumption for infants recommended by the
The temperature at the feed-water nozzle of the reactor pressure vessel continues to decrease (to 205 °C) at Unit 1, Japanese authorities and restrictions have been lifted.
and at Unit 3 (42.8 °C), and it remains stable at Unit 2 (105 °C).
As a result of food monitoring where contamination exceeded the levels recommended by the Japanese authorities,
The dose rates in the containment vessel and suppression chamber have continued to decrease at Unit 1, and current restrictions on the distribution of milk are in place in 2 prefectures (Fukushima, Ibaraki) and on the distri-
remained stable at Unit 2. bution of certain vegetables in 4 prefectures (Fukushima, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma). This regulatory approach is to
prevent food contaminated with radioactivity above these limits entering the market and thereby, ensure the safety
At Unit 3, radiation exposure of three TEPCO subcontracting workers has been confirmed. They were working in the of foods. On 23 March, the Japanese authorities requested sampling of agricultural products in 6 neighbouring
basement, with contaminated water on the floor. Two of them were transferred to hospital with contamination of prefectures (Miyagi, Yamagata, Saitama, Chiba, Niigata and Nagano). This request for further food monitoring covers
their feet. the same types of foods currently under restriction.
There are no significant developments to report at Unit 4, where water spraying continues. The joint FAO/IAEA food safety mission is currently travelling to Japan.
Units 5 and 6 remain in comparatively good condition. Temperatures at both, which had risen when the cooling On 25 March, the IAEA radiation monitoring team made additional measurements at distances from 34 to 62
pumps were briefly shut down in order to switch to off-site power, temperatures have since been restored to lower km from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. At these locations, the dose rate ranged from 0.73 to 8.8 micro-
levels, and both units are still in cold shutdown. For the same reasons, a brief rise in temperature also occurred at the sievert per hour. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged from 0.07 to
Common Spent Fuel Pool on 24 March. 0.96 Megabecquerel per square metre.
2. Radiation Monitoring Director General Amano had a video conference today with the UN Secretary General and the Heads of a number of
other UN system organizations concerning the accident. In addition, close coordination led by the IAEA through the
On-site radiation monitoring at the Daiichi NPP indicates that dose rates continue to decrease. Joint Radiation Emergency Management Plan of International Organizations (JPLAN) continues.
Deposition of radioactivity is monitored daily by Japanese authorities in all 47 prefectures. From 23 March to Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (25 March 2011, 15:45 UTC)
24 March, additional deposition has been detected in 7 of the 47 prefectures. Considerable variations are observed,
the deposition at this day ranged from 42 to 16 000 Becquerel per square metre for iodine-131; the highest value Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA that on 24 March, examinations of the thyroid glands in 66 children
determined for caesium-137 was 210 Becquerel per square metre. For the Shinjuku district of Tokyo, the deposi- (14 of which are infants) were conducted near the evacuation area around the Fukushima nuclear plant. The
tion of iodine-131 on this day increased by 13 000 Becquerel per square metre, and the caesium-137 deposition by exams were conducted at the Kawamata Town Health Center (40-50 kilometres from Fukushima Daiichi NPP) and
160 Becquerel per square metre. Kawamata Town Yamakiya Branch Office (30-40 kilometres from Fukushima Daiichi NPP).
As far as the marine environment is concerned, sampling of air and seawater continues to be carried out by the According to a 25 March 2011 Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency press release, the results of the examinations in-
Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science and Technology (MEXT). Results are sent to the IAEA Monaco dicated that the dose rate “of all the 66 children including 14 infants from 1 to 6 years old had no big difference from
laboratory for assessment. the level of background and was at the level of no problem in light of the view of Nuclear Safety Commission.”
Regarding developments at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, “white smoke” was reported at Units 1, 2 It is thought that the workers ignored their dosimeters’ alarm believing it to be to be false and c ontinued working
and 4 from 21:20 UTC on 24 March. Sea water injection to Units 1, 2, 3 and 4 continues as of 23:00 UTC 24 March. with their feet in contaminated water.
The IAEA is seeking further information on the latest status of all Units and spent nuclear fuel at Fukushima Daiichi The Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) of Japan instructed TEPCO to review the r adiation control system
NPP. immediately in order to avoid similar incidents in the future.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (25 March 2011, 05.15 UTC) As of 24 March, 19:30 Japan time, the number of workers at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant found to
have received more than 100 millisieverts of radiation dose totalled 17 including the three contract workers. The
Update on Conditions of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant remaining fourteen are TEPCO’s employees.
At Unit 1 workers have advanced the restoration of off-site electricity and lighting in the Unit’s main control room
was recovered as of 24 March, 11:30 UTC. They are now checking the availability of the cooling system.
While the pressure in the reactor vessel remains high, Japanese authorities are reporting that it has stabilized.
At Unit 2 engineers are working for the recovery of lighting in the main control room, and the instrumentation and
cooling systems.
At Unit 3, around 120 tonnes of seawater was injected in the spent fuel pool via the cooling and purification line.
The operation was carried out between 23 March, 20:35 UTC and 24 March, 07:05 UTC.
Work was under way for the recovery of the instruments and cooling systems. However, it had to be suspended
because three workers were exposed to elevated levels of radiation on 24 March.
At Unit 4, the spent fuel pool was sprayed with around 150 tonnes of water using concrete pump truck. The opera-
tion was carried out between 24 March, 05:36 UTC and 06:30 UTC of the same day.
At Units 5 and 6, repair of the temporary pump for Residual Heat Removal (RHR) was completed as of 24 March,
07:14 UTC, and cooling started again 21 minutes later.
At the Common Spent Fuel, the power supply was restored as of 24 March, 06:37 UTC and cooling started again
28 minutes later. Work is now under way for the recovery of the lighting and instrumentation systems.
As of 24 March, 09:40 UTC, the water temperature of the pool was around 73 °C.
As of 24 March, 10:30 UTC workers continue to inject seawater into the reactor pressure vessels of Units 1, 2 and 3
and are preparing to inject pure water.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (25 March 2011, 02.50 UTC)

As previously reported, three workers at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant were exposed on 24 March
to elevated levels of radiation. The IAEA has received additional information on the incident from the Japanese
authorities.
The three were contracted workers laying cables in the turbine building of the Unit 3 reactor. Two of them were
found to have radioactivity on their feet and legs.
These were washed in the attempt to remove radioactivity, but since there was a possibility of B
eta-ray burning of
the skin, the two were taken to the Fukushima University Hospital for examination and then transferred to Japan’s
National Institute of Radiological Sciences for further examination. They are expected to be monitored for around
four days.
Updates of 24 March 2011 Monitoring of the marine environment by ships of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science and
Technology has now begun. Seawater and air samples were collected on 23 March in coastal waters, at distances
of about 30 km off-shore. Dose rate measurements were also taken. Results from 24 March indicate surface sea-
water concentrations at eight locations ranging from 24.9 to 76.8 Becquerel per litre for iodine-131, and 11.2 to
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (24 March 2011, 21.30 UTC) 24.1 Becquerel per litre for caesium-137. Radionuclide concentrations in dust in the air above the sea were also
measured. The results are being assessed by experts from the IAEA’s Marine Environment Laboratory.
On Thursday, 24 March 2011, Graham Andrew, Special Adviser to the IAEA Director General on Scientific and
Technical Affairs, provided the following information on the current status of nuclear safety in Japan. New data provided by the Japanese authorities has been made available concerning radionuclide concentrations in
foodstuffs, milk and drinking water. Sampling has been most thorough and extensive in the Fukushima and Iba-
Current Situation raki Prefectures. Of the 11 varieties of vegetables sampled from 18 to 22 March iodine-131 and caesium-137 levels
exceed limits set for food and drink ingestion. Permissible levels of iodine-131 and caesium-137 (one sample) were
As far as the reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi site are concerned, there is some good news to report from the last also exceeded in nearly all of the milk samples taken in Fukushima and Ibaraki Prefectures between 16 to 21 March.
24 hours, although the overall situation is still very serious. In addition, permissible levels of iodine-131 were exceeded in drinking water samples taken in the Fukushima and
Ibaraki Prefectures and in Tokyo from 17 to 23 March. Further sampling and analysis will be carried out in the days
With AC power connected, instrumentation continues to be recovered in Units 1, 2 and 4. Workers returned after ahead by the Japanese authorities. A joint FAO/IAEA mission to Japan will be undertaken to provide advice and
being evacuated from Units 3 and 4 on March 23, following confirmation that black smoke emissions from Unit 3 assistance on sampling strategies, analysis and the interpretation of data collected by the Japanese authorities
had ceased. related to food contamination.
Reactor pressure is increasing in Unit 1, pressure readings are unreliable in Unit 2, and stable in Unit 3 as water In summary, radioactivity in the environment, foodstuffs and water is moving more to the forefront, as some
continues to be injected through their feed-water pipes. The temperature at the feed-water nozzle of the Reactor technical concerns related to the status of the reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi site a ppear to be slightly less acute
Pressure Vessel (RPV) is decreasing at Units 1 (243 °C) and 3 (about 185 °C), and stable at Unit 2 (about 102 °C). in some respects. However, the overall situation on the Fukushima site remains very serious.
Units 5 and 6 are still under cold shutdown, they are undergoing maintenance using off-site AC power and existing
plant equipment. Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (24 March 2011, 17:30 UTC)
Dose rates in the containment vessels and suppression chambers of Units 1 and 2 have decreased slightly. Japanese Seawater Samples Show Signs of Radioactive Materials
Radiation Monitoring Japanese authorities today provided the IAEA with data on seawater samples they collected on 22 and 23 March, af-
ter detecting iodine and caesium in the water near the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. (See earlier update.)
The IAEA radiation monitoring team made additional measurements at distances from 21 to 73 km from the
Fukushima nuclear power plant. At distances between 34 and 73 km, in a westerly direction from the site, the dose A vessel from the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) collected water samples
rate ranged from 0.6 to 6.9 microsievert per hour. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination at several points 30 kilometres from the coastline and found measurable concentrations of iodine-131 and cae-
measurements ranged from 0.04 to 0.4 Megabecquerel per square metre. sium-137. The iodine concentrations were at or above Japanese regulatory limits, and the caesium levels were well
below those limits.
At distances between 30 and 32 kilometers from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, in a north westerly direction
from the site, dose rates between 16 and 59 microsievert per hour were measured. At these locations, the results of The IAEA’s Marine Environmental Laboratory in Monaco has received the data for review.
beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged from 3.8 to 4.9 Megabecquerel per square metre. At a location
of 21 km from the Fukushima site, where a dose rate of 115 microsieverts per hour was measured, the beta-gamma
contamination level could not be determined.
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident Update (24 March 17:25 UTC)
The second IAEA monitoring team has started their work today in Fukushima and Tokyo. Measurements will be
Japanese Workers Treated for Radiation Exposure
taken to determine more precisely the actual radionuclides that have been deposited.
Japanese authorities today reported that three workers at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant were exposed
to elevated levels of radiation. The three were working in the turbine building of reactor Unit 3 and have received a
On-site monitoring by the Japanese authorities at the Daiichi nuclear power plant produced new data on 23 March
radiation dose in the range of 170–180 millisieverts.
for radionuclide concentrations in the air from samples collected between 19 and 23 March. Of the six radionuclides
monitored, only iodine-131 was found to be in excess of the limits set by Japan. Overall, the dose rates reported on
Two of the workers have been hospitalized for treatment of severely contaminated feet, which may have suffered
the site have decreased from 1930 to 210 microsievert per hour between 21 to 23 March.
radiation burns. The workers had been working for about three hours in contact with contaminated water.
There continues to be considerable daily variation in the deposition of iodine-131 and caesium-137 reported in
The IAEA is seeking additional information.
10 Prefectures. Recent rainfall and the resulting wet deposition may help explain the increased deposition in Tokyo.
As measured by the Japanese authorities for the Shinjuku district of Tokyo, iodine-131 deposition increased by
36 000 Becquerel per square metre from 22 to 23 March, and caesium-137 deposition by 340 Becquerel per square
metre.
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident Update (24 March, 15:00 UTC) Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident Update (24 March 14:00 UTC)
The IAEA today released updated summary slides on reactor conditions at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Spent Fuel Pools at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant — Updated
Spent fuel removed from a nuclear reactor is highly radioactive and generates heat. This irradiated fuel needs to
Unit 1 2 3 4 be stored for one to three years in pools that cool the fuel, shield the radioactivity, and keep the fuel in the proper
Power (MWe/MWth) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381 position to avoid fission reactions. If the cooling is lost, the water can boil and fuel rods can be exposed to the air,
possibly leading to severe damage and a large release of radioactive materials.
Nuclear power plants must replace fuel every one to two years, and the Fukushima Daiichi reactors typically remove
Status at Time of EQ In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown In service — auto shutdown Outage about 25 percent of the reactor’s fuel -- to be replaced with fresh, or unirradiated, fuel -- during each refuelling out-
age. The spent fuel, which is hottest immediately after it is removed from the reactor, is placed in the spent fuel pool
Core and Fuel Integrity Damaged Damaged Damaged No fuel in the Reactor
until it is cool enough to be moved to longer-term storage.
RPV temperature RPV temperature stable RPV temperature
RPV & RCS Integrity
decreasing (243°C) (about 102°C) decreasing (about 185°C) Not applicable due to The concern about the spent fuel pools at Fukushima Daiichi is that the capability to cool the pools has been
outage plant status compromised. See diagram below for location of the pool in each reactor building.
Containment Integrity No information Damage suspected No information
Not available
AC power available — AC Power available —
AC Power Power to instrumentation (MCR lighting is on but no
power to instrumentation power to instrumentation
equipment or instruments)

Water Level of RPV
Pressure of RPV Slowly increasing Unreliable Readings Stable

CV Pressure Drywell Slowly increasing Stable Stable
outage plant status
Seawater injection slightly
Water Injection to RPV Seawater Seawater
decreased
Water added through

Spent Fuel Pool Status No spraying reported Periodic spraying Periodic spraying
cooling line

Power 784/2381 1100/3293
Type of Reactor BWR-4 BWR-5 Concern Number of Fuel Assemblies in Cooling Pools at Fukushima Daiichi
Status at the EQ Occurred Outage Outage (Reported 17 March by Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
No Immediate
Core and Fuel
Concern Most recent
RPV & RCS Integrity Irradiated fuel Unirradiated fuel
Capacity a dditions of
Containment Integrity assemblies assemblies
irradiated fuel
AC Power
Unit 1 900 292 100 March 2010
Being maintained using off-site Being maintained using off-site Unit 2 1,240 587 28 Sept 2010
Water Level of RPV
Pressure of RPV
Unit 3 1,220 514 52 June 2010
existing plant equipment. existing plant equipment.
Containment Pressure Unit 4 1,590 1,331 204 Nov 2010
Water Injection to RPV Unit 5 1,590 946 48 Jan 2011
Water Injection to CV Unit 6 1,770 876 64 Aug 2010
rooftops of both buildings to prevent any hydrogen accumulation, which is suspected of causing earlier explosions
Here is a summary of spent fuel conditions at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, based on documents and at Units 1 and 3.
confirmed by Japanese officials (new information in bold):
A second diesel generator came online on 18 March, and the next day, the higher-capability Residual Heat Removal
Unit 1 (RHR) system recovered full function. External power was restored to Units 5 and 6 on 22 March. Temperatures in the
spent fuel pools of Units 5 and 6 have gradually returned to significantly lower temperatures, although the Unit 5
Unit 1 experienced an explosion on 12 March that destroyed the outer shell of the building’s upper floors. No precise pool temperature increased somewhat on 23 March after pumps for the RHR system were stopped when the
information has been available on the status of the spent fuel pool. diesel generators were removed from service.
Unit 2 Common Use Spent Fuel Pool
Precise information on the status of the spent fuel pool was unavailable in the days following the earthquake, but In addition to pools in each of the plant’s reactor buildings, there is another facility — the Common Use Spent
Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency began to release temperature data on 20 March: Fuel Pool — where spent fuel is stored after cooling at least 18 months in the reactor buildings. This fuel is much
cooler than the assemblies stored in the reactor buildings. Japanese authorities confirmed as of 18 March that fuel
20 March, 23:00 UTC: 49 °C assemblies there were fully covered by water, and the temperature was 57 ˚C as of 20 March, 00:00 UTC.
Workers sprayed water over the pool on 21 March for nearly five hours, and the temperature on 23 March
21 March, 05:25 UTC: 50 °C
was reported to be 57˚C.
21 March, 21:20 UTC: 51 °C
22 March, 02:20 UTC: 53°C
22 March, 06:30 UTC: 50°C
22 March, 19:20 UTC: 51°C
23 March, 00:00 UTC: 51°C
23 March, 06:00 UTC: 51°C
23 March, 16:00 UTC: 52°C
24 March, 00:00 UTC: 47 °C
Workers conducted an operation to spray 40 tonnes of seawater to the spent fuel pool on 20 March, and they
added another 18 tonnes on 22 March.
Unit 3
Unit 3 experienced an explosion on 14 March that destroyed the outer shell of the building’s upper floors. The blast
may have damaged the primary containment vessel and the spent fuel pool. To address these concerns, authori-
ties began spraying water into the building, first by helicopter on 17 March and then by fire trucks and other
vehicles through 22 March. Starting 23 March, seawater was injected into the spent fuel using the cooling and
purification line. By midday 24 March, 4-5 tonnes of seawater had been injected through this line.
Unit 4
This reactor was shut down 30 November 2010 for routine maintenance, and all the fuel assemblies were transferred
from the reactor to the spent fuel pool, before the 11 March earthquake. The heat load in this pool is therefore larger
than the others.
On 14 March, the building’s upper floors were severely damaged, possibly causing a reduction of cooling capability
in the spent fuel pool. Emergency workers began spraying water into the building on 20 March, and have continued
daily since then. On 22 March, workers began using a concrete pump truck that can deliver water more effectively,
placing 150 tonnes of water on 22 March and 130 tonnes on 23 March.
Units 5 and 6
Instrumentation at these reactors began to indicate rising temperatures at their spent fuel pools starting on
14 March. Three days later, Japanese technicians successfully started an emergency diesel generator at Unit 6, which
they used to provide power to basic cooling and fresh-water replenishment systems. Workers created holes in the
Updates of 23 March 2011 Radiation Monitoring
The IAEA radiation monitoring team took additional measurements at distances from 30 to 73 km from the
Fukushima nuclear power plant. Results from gamma dose-rate measurements in air ranged from 0.2 to 6.9 micro-
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident Update (23 March, 20:00 UTC) sievert per hour. The beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged from 0.02 to 0.6 Megabecquerel per square
metre.
Brief update on state of Fukushima Daiichi reactors
The second IAEA monitoring team has now arrived in Japan. The two teams in Japan will continue to work closely
Japanese authorities today announced a number of developments at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, where with the Japanese authorities. Monitoring will be undertaken in the areas of Fukushima and Tokyo. Measurements
reactor cooling systems were disabled following the massive earthquake and tsunami on 11 March. will be taken to determine more precisely the actual composition of the radionuclides that have been deposited.
At Units 1, 2, 3, and 4, workers have advanced the restoration of off-site electricity, and the lights are working in More data has become available from the Japanese authorities. The measurements indicate that the radiation dose
Unit 3’s main control room. rates at the Daiichi site are decreasing. Absent further releases from the site, this is to be expected as relatively short
lived radionuclides such as Iodine-131 decay away. At the Daini site, small spikes have been observed in gamma
Black smoke was seen emerging from the Unit 3 reactor building, spurring the temporary evacuation of workers dose rate measurements; these are most likely to be the result of releases carried by the wind from the nearby
from Units 3 and 4. The emission of smoke has now decreased significantly. Daiichi site.
Crews continued today to use a concrete pump truck to deliver high volumes of water into the Unit 4 spent fuel The deposition of iodine-131 and caesium-137 varies across some ten Prefectures from day to day, but the trend
pool, where there are concerns of inadequate water coverage over the fuel assemblies. is generally upward. In contrast, environmental radiation monitoring data in the Fukushima Prefecture outside the
20 km evacuation zone, shows mostly decreasing values.
At Units 5 and 6, workers have successfully restored off-site power to the reactor, which had previously reached a
safe, cold shutdown status. Monitoring of the marine environment is being undertaken by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport,
Science and Technology (MEXT). High levels of iodine-131 and caesium-137 were measured close to the effluent
Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (23 March 2011, 15:30 UTC) discharge points Units 1 to 4 of Fukushima Daiichi (i.e. before dilution by the ocean). Future monitoring will cover
eight locations 30 km off the coast at 10 km intervals. Results for seawater and the atmosphere above the sea should
On Wednesday, 23 March 2011, Graham Andrew, Special Adviser to the IAEA Director General on Scientific and be available in the next few days. IAEA experts from the Marine Environment Laboratory, Monaco will assess this
Technical Affairs, briefed both Member States and the media on the current status of nuclear safety in Japan. His data.
opening remarks, which he delivered at 15:30 UTC at the IAEA headquarters in Vienna, are provided below:
Since yesterday, the IAEA has received further information from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
There are some positive developments related to the availability of electrical power supply to the Fukushima Daiichi regarding the presence of radioactivity in milk, drinking water and vegetables. The results of some samples were
nuclear power plants, although the overall situation remains of serious concern. above the limits specified in Japanese regulations concerning limits for food and water ingestion.
AC power is now available at Units 1, 2 and 4. Power has been restored to some instrumentation in all Units except In Fukushima prefecture six raw milk samples, and in Ibaraki prefecture three spinach samples, showed concentra-
Unit 3. At Unit 3, the main control room has lighting, but no power to its equipment or instruments. As a positive tions of Iodine-131 in excess of limits. We understand that the Prime Minister of Japan, Mr. Naoto Kan, has today
development instrumentation, as it becomes available, is providing more data that can be assessed by experts. issued instructions to food business operators to cease, for the time being, the distribution of, and for the public
to cease the consumption of, certain leafy vegetables (e.g., spinach, komatsuna, cabbages) and any flowerhead
The pressure in the reactor pressure vessel and drywell of Unit 3 is stable. However, pressure has increased in both brassicas (broccoli, cauliflower) produced in Fukushima Prefecture. The Prime Minister has ordered food business
the reactor pressure vessel and the drywell of Unit 1, where seawater injection has been increased. Until heat can be operators not to distribute, for the time being, any fresh raw milk and parsley in Ibaraki Prefecture.
removed from Unit 1, pressure tends to increase as water is injected. The reactor feed water system is being used, in
addition to water injection through fire extinguisher lines. We have also been advised that the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has encouraged Ibaraki and Chiba
Prefectures to monitor seafood products.
Pressure readings in Unit 2 appear to be less reliable. Only limited data is available concerning the reactor pressure
vessel and reactor containment vessels’ integrity of Unit 2. Temperature readings in the reactor pressure vessels of The Tokyo Metropolitan Water Office stated that levels of iodine-131 in tap water at a purification plant were found
Units 1 and 3 were high and of some concern. The temperature has now dropped in Unit 1 following the start of to be above the limits for drinking water for infants but below the level for adults. The Ministry of Health Labour and
seawater injection via feed-water pipes. Indications are that the temperature at Unit 2 is stable. Welfare, has requested that tap water in Tokyo is not used as drinking water for infants.
Units 5 and 6 continue to have off-site power and remain in cold shutdown. So, in summary: there are some positive indications on the site; precautionary restrictions around the site on certain
foodstuffs; and monitoring of the environment is continuing beyond the evacuation zone and at sea. No significant
Dose rates measured in the containment vessels and suppression chambers of Units 1, 2, and 3 are available and are risk to human health has been identified.
being studied.
 Watch Video :: View Presentation
Periodic water spraying of Units 2, 3, and 4 and the common spent fuel pool has continued.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (23 March 2011, 01:10 UTC) Updates of 22 March 2011
Restoring Power to Fukushima Daiichi
Without electrical power, cooling systems at Fukushima Daiichi’s six reactors cannot operate. Many of the problems Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (22 March 2011, 23:15 UTC)
facing the nuclear power plant stem from the loss of electrical power at the site following the massive earthquake
and tsunami on 11 March. The earthquake cut off external power to the plant and the tsunami disabled backup Summary of Conditions at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

diesel generators.
Located on the Eastern coast of Japan, the six nuclear power reactors at Daiichi are boiling water reactors (BWRs).
Japanese officials have been working to restore power to the facility, and their efforts are organized in three phases. A massive earthquake on 11 March disabled off-site power to the plant and triggered the automatic shutdown of
the three operating reactors — Units 1, 2 and 3. The control rods in those units were successfully inserted into the
Units 1 and 2 reactor cores, ending the fission chain reaction. The remaining reactors — Units 4, 5 and 6 - had previously been
shut down for routine maintenance purposes. Backup diesel generators, designed to start up after losing off-site
Reactor cooling systems at these units are severely hampered. There is suspected damage to the nuclear fuel in both power, began providing electricity to pumps circulating coolant to the six reactors.
units. Workers successfully connected off-site electrical supplies to a transformer at Unit 2 on 19 March and later to
at least one electrical distribution panel inside the plant. Technicians are conducting diagnostic tests to determine Soon after the earthquake, a large tsunami washed over the reactor site, knocking out the backup generators. While
the integrity of the reactor’s electrical systems. some batteries remained operable, the entire site lost the ability to maintain normal reactor cooling and water
circulation functions.
Japanese authorities plan to connect Unit 1 sometime after Unit 2. Because of the degraded condition of the Unit 1
reactor building, this work may take more time compared to Unit 2, the reactor building sustained significantly less Here is the current status of the six reactors, based on documents and confirmed by Japanese officials
damage since the earthquake struck. (new information from 22 March in bold):
Units 3 and 4 Unit 1
Reactor cooling systems at Unit 3 are severely hampered. There is suspected damage to the reactor’s fuel, and the Coolant within Unit 1 is covering about half of the fuel rods in the reactor, and Japanese authorities believe the core
condition of its spent fuel pool is uncertain. Unit 4 had been shut down for routine maintenance — and all its fuel has been damaged. High pressure within the reactor’s containment led operators to vent gas from the containment.
was removed to the reactor building’s spent fuel pool — prior to the earthquake. There is therefore no concern Later, an explosion destroyed the outer shell of the reactor building above the containment on 12 March.
about fuel in the reactor core, but considerable concern about the fuel in the spent fuel pool.
There are no indications of problems with either the reactor pressure vessel or the primary containment vessel.
Workers are moving toward restoring electricity to both units, but their progress is uncertain.
Efforts to pump seawater into the reactor core are continuing.
Units 5 and 6
No precise information has been available on the status of the spent fuel pool.
Both units had been shut down for routine maintenance prior to the earthquake, reducing their cooling needs
somewhat, but not entirely. On 17 March operators were able to start one of the Unit 6 diesel generators. On On 18 March, Japan assigned an INES rating of 5 to this Unit.
19 March, workers successfully connected the second diesel generator in Unit 6. The two generators were used to
power cooling systems in both reactors, which then achieved a safe, cold shutdown configuration. Off-site power  Further information on ratings and INES scale.
was restored to Unit 5 on 21 March.
On 19 March, the containment vessel pressure indication was restored.
Restoring external power to the power plant does not mean the reactors will immediately resume normal safety
function. The earthquake and tsunami may have inflicted considerable damage in addition to knocking out elec- Unit 2
tricity supplies. Since the extent of this damage (and therefore the extent of necessary repair) is unknown, it is not
possible to accurately estimate a work schedule. Progress of efforts to restore power may be impaired by heavy Coolant within Unit 2 is covering about half of the fuel rods in the reactor, and Japanese authorities believe the core
gloves or respirators required to permit the operators to work in the reactors following the damage inflicted by the has been damaged. Following an explosion on 15 March, Japanese officials expressed concerns that the reactor’s
earthquake and tsunami. containment may not be fully intact. As of 19 March, 11:30 UTC, officials could no longer confirm seeing white smoke
coming from the building. Smoke had been observed emerging from the reactor earlier. White smoke/vapour was
As power is restored, workers will perform checks to make certain the conditions are safe to restart individual com- observed again from 9:22 UTC on 21 March and diminished to nearly invisible by 22:11 UTC the same day.
ponents. They will check for grounds and ensure circuits remain intact. If damage is discovered, a decision will have During the time of smoke emission, an increase in radiation dose rates was reported at 9:30 UTC 21 March.
to be made whether to perform repairs or move on to the next component on a prioritized list. Nuclear reactors, TEPCO then ordered an evacuation of plant personnel, though workers returned as of 00:00 UTC 22 March.
especially safety related equipment, incorporate multiple layers of redundancy. So a problem in one component
does not necessarily mean a specific safety function will be unrecoverable. It is more likely that operators will move Efforts to pump seawater into the reactor core are continuing.
on to the redundant equipment in an effort to determine the most intact system and focus their restoration efforts
there. This process takes time. On 20 March, workers began pumping 40 tonnes of seawater into the spent fuel pool. Spent fuel temperature
remains relatively stable with readings between 49°C and 53°C.
Workers have opened holes in the roofs of both buildings to prevent the possible accumulation of hydrogen, which
Restoration work to return power to all units continues, with progress at Unit 2 the most advanced. A is suspected of causing explosions at other units.
distribution panel (power center) of Unit 2 has been connected to off-site electricity supply, and individual
components in the unit are being checked prior to being energized. Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (22 March 2011, 18:00 UTC)
On 18 March, Japan assigned an INES rating of 5 to this Unit. Spent Fuel Pools at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant — Updated
Unit 3
Spent fuel removed from a nuclear reactor is highly radioactive and generates intense heat. This irradiated fuel
needs to be actively cooled for one to three years in pools that cool the fuel, shield the radioactivity, and keep the
Coolant within Unit 3 is covering about half of the fuel rods in the reactor, and Japanese authorities believe the core fuel in the proper position to avoid fission reactions. If the cooling is lost, the water can boil and fuel rods can be
has been damaged. High pressure within the reactor’s containment led operators to vent gas from the containment. exposed to the air, possibly leading to severe damage and a large release of radiation.
Later, an explosion destroyed the outer shell of the reactor building above the containment on 14 March. Indicated
containment pressure has stabilized over the past 24 hours. Nuclear power plants must replace fuel every one to two years, and the Fukushima Daiichi reactors typically remove
about 25 percent of the reactor’s fuel - to be replaced with fresh, or unirradiated, fuel - during each refuelling out-
Following the explosion, Japanese officials expressed concerns that the reactor’s containment may not be fully age. The spent fuel, which is hottest immediately after it is removed from the reactor, is placed in the spent fuel pool
intact. White smoke has been seen emerging from the reactor, but on 19 March it appeared to be less intense than until it is cool enough to be moved to longer-term storage.
in previous days. Grey smoke was observed on 21 March in the southeast corner of Unit 3 from 6:55 UTC. After
two hours this smoke turned to a white colour and gradually diminished. By 22:11 21 March, the smoke The concern about the spent fuel pools at Fukushima Daiichi is that the capability to cool the pools has been
was observed to be “ceasing.” As reported under the Unit 2 update, during the time of smoke emission, an compromised. See diagram below for location of the pool in each reactor building.
increase in radiation dose rates was reported at 9:30 UTC on 21 March. TEPCO then ordered an evacuation of
plant personnel, though workers returned as of 00:00 UTC 22 March. Elevated radiation measurements at the site may be partially of the result of uncovered or overheated spent fuel.
Efforts to pump seawater into the reactor core are continuing. Of additional concern at Unit 3 is the condition of
the spent fuel pool in the building. There are indications that there is inadequate cooling water level in the pool,
and Japanese authorities have addressed the problem by dropping water from helicopters into the building and
spraying water from trucks. Spraying from trucks continued on 20 March. There is no data on the temperature of the
water in the pool.
On 18 March, Japan assigned an INES rating of 5 to this Unit.
Unit 4
All fuel from Unit 4 had been removed from the reactor core for routine maintenance before the earthquake and
placed into the spent fuel pool. The building’s outer shell was damaged on 14 March, and there have been two
reported fires — possibly including one in the area of the spent fuel pool on 15 March — that were extinguished
spontaneously.
Authorities remain concerned about the condition of the spent fuel pool, and Japanese Self Defence Forces began
spraying water into the building on 20 March. As of 8:17 UTC on 22 March, a concrete pump was pumping water
into the spent fuel pool at a rate of 50 tonnes per hour. The reported plan was to pump water at this rate for
3 hours. Number of Fuel Assemblies in Cooling Pools at Fukushima Daiichi
(Reported 17 March by Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
On 18 March, Japan assigned an INES rating of 3 to this site.
Irradiated Fuel Unirradiated Fuel Most Recent Additions

Units 5 and 6 Capacity
Assemblies Assemblies of Irradiated Fuel
Shut down for routine maintenance before the earthquake, both reactors achieved cold shutdown on 20 March. The Unit 1 900 292 100 March 2010
reactors are now in a safe mode, with cooling systems stable and under control, and with low temperature and pres- Unit 2 1,240 587 28 Sept 2010
sure within the reactor.
Unit 3 1,220 514 52 June 2010
Instrumentation from both spent fuel pools had shown gradually increasing temperatures over the past few days. Unit 4 1,590 1,331 204 Nov 2010
Officials configured two diesel generators at Unit 6 to power cooling and fresh-water replenishment systems in the Unit 5 1,590 946 48 Jan 2011
spent fuel pools and cores of Units 5 and 6. As of 20 March, temperatures in both pools had decreased significantly. Unit 6 1,770 876 64 Aug 2010
Here is a summary of spent fuel conditions at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, based on documents and Common Use Spent Fuel Pool
confirmed by Japanese officials (new information in bold):
In addition to pools in each of the plant’s reactor buildings, there is another facility — the Common Use Spent Fuel
Unit 1 Pool — where spent fuel is stored after cooling at least 18 months in the reactor buildings. This fuel is much cooler
than the assemblies stored in the reactor buildings. Japanese authorities confirmed as of 18 March that fuel assem-
Unit 1 experienced an explosion on 12 March that destroyed the outer shell of the building’s upper floors. No precise blies there were fully covered by water, and the temperature was 57 °C as of 20 March, 00:00 UTC. Workers sprayed
information has been available on the status of the spent fuel pool. water over the pool on 21 March for nearly five hours, and the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency reported
that the pool temperature had risen to 61 °C as of 21 March, 07:30 UTC.
Unit 2
Precise information on the status of the spent fuel pool was unavailable in the days following the earthquake, but
Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency began to release temperature data on 20 March:
20 March, 23:00 UTC: 49 °C

21 March, 05:25 UTC: 50 °C
21 March, 21:20 UTC: 51 °C
22 March, 02:20 UTC: 53 °C
22 March, 06:30 UTC: 50 °C
Workers conducted an operation to spray 40 tonnes of seawater to the spent fuel pool on 20 March.
Unit 3
may have damaged the primary containment vessel and the spent fuel pool. Concerned by possible loss of water in
the pool, authorities began spraying water into the building in an effort to replenish water levels. First, helicopters
dropped seawater on 17 March, and every day since then, including 21 March, emergency workers have sprayed
water from fire trucks and other vehicles, so far spraying at least 3,742 tonnes.
Unit 4
from the reactor to the spent fuel pool, before the 11 March earthquake. The heat load in this pool is therefore larger Seawater Monitoring — Updated
than the others.
Japanese authorities have reported that the Tokyo Electric Power Company has detected radioactive
On 14 March, the building’s upper floors were severely damaged, possibly causing a reduction of cooling capa- materials in seawater at one location near the Southern discharge canal at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear
bility in the spent fuel pool. Emergency workers began spraying water into the building on 20 March, and have power plant. Samples taken included levels of iodine-131, caesium-134, and caesium-137.
continued daily since then, so far spraying at least 255 tonnes.
To study a larger area of the marine environment, the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Units 5 and 6 plans to measure radioactivity around the plant from 22-23 March. Seawater will be collected from eight locations, and
the Japan Atomic Energy Agency plans to analyse the samples and release results on 24 March. The analysis will include
Instrumentation at these reactors began to indicate rising temperatures at their spent fuel pools starting on radionuclide concentrations found in sea water and dose rate in the air. The IAEA will continue to follow this information.
14 March. Three days later, Japanese technicians successfully started an emergency diesel generator at Unit 6,
which they used to provide power to basic cooling and fresh-water replenishment systems. Workers created holes IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Emergency (22 March 2011, 15.30 UTC)
in the rooftops of both buildings to prevent any hydrogen accumulation, which is suspected of causing earlier
explosions at Units 1 and 3. On Tuesday, 22 March 2011, Graham Andrew, Special Adviser to the IAEA Director General on Scientific and Techni-
cal Affairs, briefed both Member States and the media on the current status of nuclear safety in Japan. His opening
A second generator came online on 18 March, and the next day, the higher-capability Residual Heat Removal remarks, which he delivered at 15:30 UTC at the IAEA headquarters in Vienna, are provided below:
system recovered full function. Temperatures in the spent fuel pools of Units 5 and 6 have gradually returned
to significantly lower temperatures (See graph below). 1. Current Situation
There continue to be some improvements at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, but the overall situation
remains very serious. High levels of contamination have been measured in the locality of the plant.
On the Fukushima site the highest concern remains the spent fuel in the storage ponds of each reactor unit,
particularly Unit 4. Reactor Units 1–3 remain of concern, in particular Unit 2.
We have not received validated information for some time related to the containment integrity of Unit 1 so we are
concerned that we do not know its exact status. Grey smoke was observed from Unit 3 which led to the evacuation Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (21 March 2011, 23:15 UTC)
of plant personnel for several hours yesterday due to elevated dose rates. In addition, white smoke or vapour was
observed from Unit 2. Efforts continue in Unit 2 to connect AC to pumps etc. Work for the recovery of off-site power Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
supply to Units 3 and 4 is also proceeding.
Japanese authorities have notified the IAEA that efforts to restore power for the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant are
Seawater is being injected into the reactor vessels of Units 1, 2 and 3. Water is being sprayed periodically into the on-going. As of 19 March at 21:46 UTC, the power centre at unit 2 had received electricity. Work to restore electricity
spent fuel pools at Units 2, 3 and 4 but no information is available for the spent fuel pool of Unit 1. The Agency still to units 3 and 4 is continuing.
lacks data on water levels and temperatures in the spent fuel pools at Units 1, 3 and 4.
White smoke was reported seen emanating from unit 2 on 21 March at 9:22 UTC. Grayish smoke was reported seen
There have been some positive developments concerning Units 5 and 6 that are in cold shutdown: off-site power is emanating from unit 3 at 6:55 on 21 March, and this was reported to have ‘died down’ two hours later. All workers at
now being used in Unit 5; the pressure of the reactor pressure vessel of both units has decreased; and water is being units 1 through 4 evacuated after the smoke at unit 3 was seen. The IAEA is seeking further information at this time
injected in to the reactor pressure vessel, as needed. on the status of workers at the site.
2. Radiation Monitoring Japanese authorities have also reported that water has been sprayed over the Common Spent Fuel Pool; this started
on 21 March at 1:37 UTC. The IAEA is seeking further information on this development and will report further as
IAEA monitoring of gamma dose rates and beta-gamma contamination has continued over the last 24 hours. This updates are received from Japan.
has been carried out together with the Japanese authorities to facilitate the comparison of results.
The IAEA took measurements at additional locations between 35 to 68 km from the Fukushima plant. The dose-rate
results ranged from 0.8 to 9.1 microsieverts per hour. The beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged from On Monday, 21 March 2011, Graham Andrew, Special Adviser to the IAEA Director General on Scientific and Techni-
0.08 to 0.9 MBq per square metre. More precise interpretation of the results will be possible based on measurements cal Affairs, briefed both Member States and the media on the current status of nuclear safety in Japan. His opening
to be made of the composition of the radioactive material that has been released. remarks, which he delivered at 15:30 UTC at the IAEA headquarters in Vienna, are provided below:
In the coming days the IAEA will have two monitoring teams in Japan. One team will be in the Fukushima area and a 1. Current Situation
separate team will undertake monitoring in Tokyo and the surrounding area.
We are seeing some steady improvements, but the overall situation at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant
The Agency continues to receive data confirming high levels of radioactivity in food, notably spinach, in samples remains very serious. High levels of contamination have been measured in the locality of the plant.
taken from 37 locations in the vicinity of five cities south of the Fukushima site. This indicates that in four Prefec-
tures some food products are above permissible levels. High levels of both Iodine-131 and Caesium-137 have been The restoration of electrical power to Unit 2, which we reported yesterday, is good news. AC power is available and
measured by the Japanese authorities in spinach and some other fresh vegetables, together with Iodine-131 in an electrical load check to pumps, etc. is currently on-going. Work on the restoration of off-site power to Units 3
milk. However, as reported yesterday, distribution of food from the areas affected has been restricted. The Japanese and 4 is also underway.
authorities are monitoring the situation in the rest of the country. Further monitoring data will be provided by Japan Seawater is still being injected into the reactor pressure vessels of Units 1, 2 and 3.
to the IAEA/FAO on an ongoing basis.
Pressure in the reactor pressure vessel and the containment vessel drywell at Unit 3, which had been rising
Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) has announced that contamination has been found in sea water yesterday, has again fallen.
samples taken close to the outlet of the Fukushima Daiichi plant. We have been informed by NISA about plans to
monitor the marine environment. Water is being sprayed periodically into the spent fuel pools at Units 2, 3 and 4. The Agency still lacks data on water
levels and temperatures in the spent fuel pools at Units 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Following the restoration of cooling at Units 5 and 6, temperatures in the spent fuel pools continue to decline.
2. Radiation Monitoring
Japanese authorities have reported that they will measure radioactivity in the marine environment around the
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The monitoring will be conducted from 22-23 March by the Japan Agency As I reported yesterday, the IAEA radiation monitoring team took measurements at distances from 56 to 200 km
for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). Sea water sampling from eight locations will be sampled from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. At two locations in Fukushima Prefecture gamma dose rate and beta-
and analysed by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and results will be provided on 24 March. The analysis gamma contamination measurements have been repeated. These measurements showed high beta-gamma
will include radionuclide concentrations found in sea water and dose rate. The IAEA will continue to follow this contamination levels. Measurements by the IAEA and the Japanese authorities were taken at the same time and
information. locations. The Japanese and independent IAEA measurements gave comparable results.
Measurement of gamma dose rate and beta-gamma contamination were taken on 20 March at more locations. The
dose-rate results ranged from 2–160 microsieverts per hour, which compares to a typical natural background level
of around 0.1 microsieverts per hour. High levels of beta-gamma contamination have been measured between
16–58 km from the plant. Available results show contamination ranging from 0.2–0.9 MBq per square metre.
Further measurements are needed to assess possible contamination beyond the area currently monitored — both
closer to the facility and further way. We have no contamination measurements showing that contamination levels Summary of Conditions at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
are high at greater distances than 58 km from the plant, but this cannot be excluded.
Located on the Eastern coast of Japan, the six nuclear power reactors at Daiichi are boiling water reactors (BWRs). A
I have no further information available regarding the measurement of alpha radiation. As I reported yesterday, from massive earthquake on 11 March disabled off-site power to the plant and triggered the automatic shutdown of the
the measurements taken within the evacuation zone (20 km), no significant alpha radiation had been detected at three operating reactors — Units 1, 2 and 3. The control rods in those Units were successfully inserted into the reac-
that time. tor cores, ending the fission chain reaction. The remaining reactors — Units 4, 5 and 6 — had previously been shut
down for routine maintenance purposes. Backup diesel generators, designed to start up after losing off-site power,
In the coming days, the IAEA monitoring team will continue to take measurements in the Fukushima prefecture. We began providing electricity to pumps circulating coolant to the six reactors.
are seeking data from Japan on radioactivity contamination measurements for the rest of Japan.
Soon after the earthquake, a large tsunami washed over the reactor site, knocking out the backup generators. While
Some results on the monitoring of foodstuffs have been made available by Japan to the IAEA and FAO. Results some batteries remained operable, the entire site lost the ability to maintain normal reactor cooling and water
provided recently by the Japanese authorities range up to 55 000 Bq per kg of I-131 in samples of Spinach taken in circulation functions.
the Ibaraki Prefecture. These high values are significantly above Japanese limits for restricting food consumption (i.e.
2 000 Bq/kg). I understand that the Japanese Government is actively considering relevant precautionary measures Here is the current status of the six reactors, based on documents and confirmed by Japanese officials (new
and has instructed four Prefectures (Ibaraki, Totigi, Gunma, Fukushima) to refrain, for the time being, from distribut- information from 20 March in bold):
ing two types of vegetables (spinach and kakina) from these Prefectures and milk from Fukushima.
Unit 1
3. Agency Activities
Coolant within Unit 1 is covering about half of the fuel rods in the reactor, and Japanese authorities believe the core
The Director General briefed the Board of Governors today on the outcome of his visit to Tokyo.” has been damaged. High pressure within the reactor’s containment led operators to vent gas from the containment.
Later, an explosion destroyed the outer shell of the reactor building above the containment on 12 March.
No precise information has been available on the status of the spent fuel pool.
 Further information on ratings and INES scale.
On 19 March, the containment vessel pressure indication was restored.
Unit 2
Coolant within Unit 2 is covering about half of the fuel rods in the reactor, and Japanese authorities believe the core
has been damaged. Following an explosion on 15 March, Japanese officials expressed concerns that the r eactor’s
containment may not be fully intact. As of 19 March, 11:30 UTC, officials could no longer confirm seeing white
smoke coming from the building. Smoke had been observed emerging from the reactor earlier.
No precise information has been available on the status of the spent fuel pool. On 20 March, workers began
pumping 40 tonnes of seawater into the spent fuel pool.
Unit 3 Evacuation
Coolant within Unit 3 is covering about half of the fuel rods in the reactor, and Japanese authorities believe the core Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA that the evacuation of the population from the 20-kilometre zone
has been damaged. High pressure within the reactor’s containment led operators to vent gas from the containment. around Fukushima Daiichi has been successfully completed. Japanese authorities have also advised people living
Later, an explosion destroyed the outer shell of the reactor building above the containment on 14 March. within 30 kilometres of the plant to remain inside.
Following the explosion, Japanese officials expressed concerns that the reactor’s containment may not be fully Iodine
intact. White smoke has been seen emerging from the reactor, but on 19 March it appeared to be less intense
than in previous days. On 16 March, Japan’s Nuclear Safety Commission recommended local authorities to instruct evacuees leaving the
20-kilometre area to ingest stable (not radioactive) iodine. The pills and syrup (for children) had been prepositioned
Efforts to pump seawater into the reactor core are continuing. at evacuation centers. The order recommended taking a single dose, with an amount dependent on age:
Of additional concern at Unit 3 is the condition of the spent fuel pool in the building. There are indications that there Baby 12.5 mg
is inadequate cooling water level in the pool, and Japanese authorities have addressed the problem by dropping 1 mo.–3 yrs. 25 mg
water from helicopters into the building and spraying water from trucks. Spraying from trucks continued on 3–13 yrs. 38 mg
20 March. There is no data on the temperature of the water in the pool. 13–40 yrs. 76 mg
40+ yrs. Not necessary
Unit 4 Radiation Measurements
All fuel from Unit 4 had been removed from the reactor core for routine maintenance before the earthquake and Radiation levels near Fukushima Daiichi and beyond have elevated since the reactor damage began. However, dose
placed into the spent fuel pool. The building’s outer shell was damaged on 14 March, and there have been two rates in Tokyo and other areas outside the 30-kilometre zone remain below levels which would require any protec-
reported fires - possibly including one in the area of the spent fuel pool on 15 March - that were extinguished tive action. In other words they are not dangerous to human health.
spontaneously.
Dose rates have been provided by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science and Technology for 47 cities and
Authorities remain concerned about the condition of the spent fuel pool, and Japanese Self Defence Forces began town representing a comprehensive nationwide monitoring network. The data set covers the period from 15 March,
spraying water into the building on 20 March. 08:00 UTC to 20 March, 17:00 UTC with an hourly sampling frequency. No significant changes of dose rates have
been observed if compared to previous day data.
On 18 March, Japan assigned an INES rating of 3 to this site.
At the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, radiation levels spiked three times since the earthquake, but have stabilized
Units 5 and 6 since 16 March at levels which are, although significantly higher than the normal levels, within the range that allows
workers to continue on-site recovery measures. Two new on-site environmental monitoring locations have been
Shut down for routine maintenance before the earthquake, both reactors achieved cold shutdown on added to the monitoring network.
20 March. The reactors are now in a safe mode, with cooling systems stable and under control, and with low
temperature and pressure within the reactor. Radionuclides in Foodstuffs and Water
Instrumentation from both spent fuel pools had shown gradually increasing temperatures over the past few days. The IAEA has received information from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare regarding the
Officials configured two diesel generators at Unit 6 to power cooling and fresh-water replenishment systems in presence of Iodine-131 in three milk samples tested in the town of Kawamata. The concentration is reported
the spent fuel pools and cores of Units 5 and 6. As of 20 March, temperatures in both pools had decreased to be above allowed levels. Caesium-137 was detected in one sample, though in concentration below al-
significantly. lowed levels.
Workers have opened holes in the roofs of both buildings to prevent the possible accumulation of hydrogen, which In the Ibaraki prefecture, Iodine-131 and Caesium-137 have been detected in leaf vegetables such as spring
is suspected of causing explosions at other units. onions and spinach. Some of the samples have been reported to be above the levels allowed by the Japanese
food hygiene law for emergency monitoring criteria for intake of vegetables.
Restoration of Grid
According to the Nuclear Safety Division, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Progress has been achieved in restoring external power to the nuclear power plant, although it remains uncertain (MEXT) analysis for Iodine-131 and Caesium-137 in tap water from 46 locations yielded the majority of
when full power will be available to all reactors. Off-site electrical power has been connected to an auxiliary samples as non-detects. Only six out of 46 exhibited any iodine-131, though the concentration was reported
transformer and distribution panels at Unit 2. Work continues toward energizing specific equipment within to be below levels allowed by the Japanese food hygiene law for emergency monitoring criteria for drinking
Unit 2. water.
Fukushima Daiichi Summary Table — Units 1–6 (20 March 2011, 21:00 UTC): Following an initial rise in pressure in the Unit 3 reactor pressure vessel, plans were made to vent the vessel should
it become necessary. However, from information recently provided by NISA they have decided not to vent as the
vessel pressure has started to reduce.
Legend No Immediate Concern Concern Severe Condition The situation in the reactor spent fuel pools is relatively stable, but is still of concern. Spraying of water into the pool
of Unit 4 started yesterday. The Agency still lacks data on water levels and temperatures at the spent fuel pools at
Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 Units 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Power (MWe/th) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381 1100/3293
A positive development is that cooling has been restored to the reactor pressure vessels in Units 5 and 6.
Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-5 Temperatures in the spent fuel pools at these two units, which had been rising in the last few days, have now
fallen significantly to around 40 degrees centigrade from a maximum of about 69 degrees yesterday. Two diesel
Status at Time of Event In service — auto shutdown following earthquake Shut down for outage before earthquake generators, one for each Unit, are providing electricity.
Core and Fuel Damaged No fuel rods Cold shutdown 2. Radiation Monitoring
No damage Damage Outage
Containment Integrity No information No damage expected
reported suspected configuration Radiation levels in major Japanese cities have not changed significantly since yesterday and remain below those
Substation Power center (in which are dangerous to human health.
Off-site Power Not available Not available
connected Unit) connected
Two emergency diesel generators The IAEA radiation monitoring team took additional measurements yesterday between Tokyo and locations up
Diesel Generators Not available to 150 km from the Fukushima site. Dose rates were typically a few microsieverts per hour compared to a typical
powering Units 5 and 6
background level of around 0.1 microsieverts per hour.
Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage No damage reported
Water Level in Reactor Outage From the measurements taken within the exclusion zone, no significant alpha radiation has been detected so far.
About half of fuel assembly (stable) Above fuel
Pressure Vessel configuration
Pressure of Reactor Outage This morning, we received additional data from the Agency’s monitoring team which indicated contamination on
Stabilised Unreliable data Elevated Stabilised Stabilised
Pressure Vessel configuration the ground at a location 50 to 70 km from the Fukushima site. The team will make confirmatory measurements
Containment Outage tomorrow at the same locations to help validate the initial results. Grass and other samples have also been taken
Stable Stable Elevated No information by the team from various locations in the Fukushima Prefecture for analysis. In the coming days, the IAEA monitor-
Pressure Drywell configuration
Water Injection to Outage ing team plans to take measurements at the same locations monitored by the Japanese authorities. This will assist
Sea water Sea water Sea water Freshwater injection in progress in the validation of measurements. The IAEA is sending additional monitoring experts to Japan to supplement its
Reactor Pressure Vessel configuration
Water Injection to capabilities in the field.
Not available Not necessary
Containment Vessel
Spent Fuel Pool Spraying Spraying Spraying
Some results on the monitoring of foodstuffs have been made available by Japan to the IAEA and FAO. We can
No information Cooling restored confirm measurements indicating that, in some areas, Iodine-131 in milk and in freshly grown leafy vegetables, such
Temperature from outside from outside from outside
as spinach and spring onions, is significantly above the levels set by Japan for restricting consumption of these food
products.
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Emergency (20 March 2011, 15.30 UTC)
On Sunday, 20 March 2011, Graham Andrew, Special Adviser to the IAEA Director General on Scientific and Technical
Affairs, briefed both Member States and the media on the current status of nuclear safety in Japan. His opening The Director General has returned to Vienna and will brief the Board of Governors on Monday on the outcome of his
remarks, which he delivered at 15:30 UTC at the IAEA headquarters in Vienna, are provided below: visit to Tokyo.
1. Current Situation  Watch Video :: View Presentation
There have been some positive developments in the last 24 hours, but the overall situation at the Fukushima Daiichi
nuclear power plant remains very serious.
Efforts to restore electrical power to the site continue. Off-site electrical power has been connected to the local sub-
Japanese authorities have notified the IAEA of progress at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Workers
station for Unit 2 today. Work is continuing under difficult conditions to connect power from the substation to the
today have successfully placed reactor Unit 5 (at 05:30 UTC) and 6 (at 10:27 UTC) into cold shutdown.
reactor building. Seawater is still being injected into the reactor pressure vessels of Units 1, 2 and 3. Water injection
is not needed for Unit 4 as the reactor is in outage.
This means that the reactors are in a safe mode, with cooling systems stable and under control, and with low
temperature and pressure within the reactor.
White smoke or vapour from Unit 3 is still being observed, but it is less intense than on previous days. Spraying of
the reactor building with water is in progress.
Officials are continuing efforts to restore plant systems at Daiichi Units 1–3. Unit 5 and 6
Unit 4 had been shut down for maintenance, with all its fuel removed from the reactor core, before the 11 March Instrumentation at these reactors began to indicate rising temperatures at their spent fuel pools starting on
earthquake. 14 March. Three days later, Japanese technicians successfully started an emergency diesel generator at Unit 6, which
they used to provide power to basic cooling and fresh-water replenishment systems. Workers created holes in the
Eight other reactors at the Fukushima Daini, Onagawa, and Tokai nuclear power plants were shut down rooftops of both buildings to prevent any hydrogen accumulation, which is suspected of causing earlier explosions
automatically after the earthquake and all are now in cold shutdown. at Units 1 and 3.

Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (20 March 2011, 14:00 UTC) A second generator came online on 18 March, and
the next day, the higher-capability Residual Heat
Spent Fuel Pools at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant — Updated Removal system recovered full function.
Temperatures in the spent fuel pools of Units 5
Spent fuel removed from a nuclear reactor is highly radioactive and generates intense heat. This fuel needs to be and 6 have gradually returned to significantly
actively cooled for one to three years in pools that cool the fuel, shield the radioactivity, and keep the fuel in the lower temperatures.
proper position to avoid fission reactions. If the cooling is lost, the water can boil and fuel rods can be exposed to (See graph at left.)
the air, possibly leading to severe damage and a large release of radiation.
Common Use Spent Fuel Pool
The concern about the spent fuel pools at Fukushima Daiichi is that sources of power to cool the pools have been
compromised. (See diagram below for location of the pool in each reactor building.) In addition to pools in each of the plant’s reactor
buildings, there is another facility — the Common
Elevated radiation measurements at the site may be partially of the result of uncovered or overheated spent fuel. Use Spent Fuel Pool — where spent fuel is stored after cooling at least 18 months in the reactor buildings. This fuel
is much cooler than the assemblies stored in the reactor buildings. Japanese authorities have confirmed that fuel
Here is a summary of spent fuel conditions at Fukushima Daiichi assemblies there are fully covered by water, and the temperature was 57 °C as of 20 March, 00:00 UTC.
nuclear power plant, based on documents and confirmed by
Japanese officials (new information in bold):
Unit 1
Unit 1 experienced an explosion on 12 March that destroyed the

outer shell of the building’s upper floors. No precise information has
been available on the status of the spent fuel pool.
Unit 2
No precise information has been available on the status of the spent fuel pool. Authorities began adding
40 tonnes of seawater to the spent fuel pool on 20 March.
Unit 3
may have damaged the primary containment vessel and the spent fuel pool. Concerned by possible loss of water in
the pool, authorities began spraying water into the building in an effort to replenish water levels. First, helicopters
dropped seawater on 17 March, and every day since then, including today, emergency workers have sprayed
water from fire trucks and other vehicles.
Unit 4
from the reactor to the spent fuel pool, before the 11 March earthquake. The heat load in this pool is therefore larger
than the others.
On 14 March, the building’s upper floors were severely damaged, possibly causing a reduction of cooling capability
in the spent fuel pool. Emergency workers began spraying water into the building today.
Updates of 19 March 2011 e xceeding legal limits had been detected in milk produced in the Fukushima area and in certain vegetables in Ibaraki. The
Ministry ordered protective measures including a ban on sales of these products.” An oral correction was made during the
media briefing.)
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Emergency (19 March 2011, 14:00 UTC) We now have continuous online access to data from CTBTO radionuclide monitoring stations, which is being
evaluated by Agency dosimetry specialists.
On Saturday, 19 March 2011, Graham Andrew, Special Adviser to the IAEA Director General on Scientific and Techni-
His opening
cal Affairs, briefed both Member States and the media on the current status of nuclear safety in Japan. As far as the Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant is concerned, there is no record of any incidents or radiation
remarks, which he delivered at 14:00 UTC at the IAEA headquarters in Vienna, are provided below: releases at the site. Present elevated radiation levels at the Daini site are attributed by Japan to events at the Daiichi
nuclear power plant.
The situation at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants is similar to that which I described yesterday.
The Director General has left Tokyo for Vienna after meetings with senior government leaders and officials from the
Efforts to restore electrical power to the site continue. It is hoped that power will be restored to Unit 2 today, plant operator TEPCO.
which will then act as a hub for restoring power to Unit 1. However, we do not know if the water pumps have been
damaged and if they will work when power is restored. As you know, he plans to brief the Board of Governors on Monday on the outcome of his trip.
Seawater is still being injected into the reactor pressure vessels of Units 1 and 2 and additional fire trucks have  Watch video : View Presentation
arrived, reinforcing the operation to spray water into the Unit 3 reactor building.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (19 March 2011 12:00 UTC) — Corrected
We still lack reliable validated data on water levels and temperatures at the spent fuel pools at Units 3 and 4.
Contamination in Food Products around Fukushima
Temperatures at the spent fuel pools in Units 5 and 6 have risen in the past few days but this does not give rise to
immediate concern. Water continues to be circulated within the reactor pressure vessels and the spent fuel ponds at (Please note correction posted 19 March at 15:30 UTC in bold in text below. Apologies for the inconvenience.)
both units.
The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has confirmed the presence of radioactive iodine contamina-
A second diesel generator is providing power for cooling at Units 5 and 6. We have been informed that holes have tion in food products measured in the Fukushima Prefecture, the area around the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power
been made in the roof of the reactor building at Units 5 and 6 to avoid the risk of a hydrogen explosion. plant. According to the latest data, the food products were measured from 16–18 March and indicated the presence
of radioactive iodine. To date, no other radioactive isotopes have been shown to increase in the analysis of food
2. Radiation Monitoring products around Fukushima.
Radiation levels in major Japanese cities have not changed significantly since yesterday. Though radioactive iodine has a short half-life of about 8 days and decays naturally within a matter of weeks, there
is a short-term risk to human health if radioactive iodine in food is absorbed into the human body. If ingested, it can
The IAEA radiation monitoring team took measurements at seven different locations in Tokyo and in the Kanagawa accumulate in and cause damage to the thyroid. Children and young people are particularly at risk of thyroid dam-
and Chiba Prefectures. Dose rates were well below those which are dangerous to human health. age due to the ingestion of radioactive iodine.
The monitoring team are now on their way to Aizu Wakamatsu City, which is 97 km west of the Fukushima nuclear Japanese authorities have implemented two critical measures to counter the contamination of food products by
power plant. They have just provided initial measurements from three additional locations. radioactive iodine. First, on 16 March, Japan’s Nuclear Safety Commission recommended local authorities to in-
struct evacuees leaving the 20-kilometre area to ingest stable (not radioactive) iodine. As an established method of
Measurements made by Japan in a number of locations have shown the presence of radionuclides — i.e. isotopes prevention, the ingestion of stable iodine can help to prevent the accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid.
such as Iodine-131 and Caesium-137 — on the ground. Stable iodine pills and syrup (for children) have been made available at evacuation centres. Second, the Ministry
of Health, Labour and Welfare has requested an investigation into the possible stop of sales of food products
This has implications for food and agriculture in affected areas. The IAEA and the UN Food and Agriculture Organiza- from the Fukushima Prefecture.
tion (FAO) are consulting with the Japanese authorities on measures being taken in these areas related to food and
agriculture. The IAEA has passed this information to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the
World Health Organization (WHO) and will continue to report on this development.
The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has announced that radiation levels that exceeded legal limits
had been detected in milk produced in the Fukushima area and in certain vegetables in Ibaraki. They have request- According to materials on its website, the FAO is prepared to respond upon request from the Government of Japan
ed the Bureau of Sanitation at the Fukushima Prefectural Office, after conducting an investigation of the relevant in the following areas:
information, to take necessary measures, such as identifying the provider of these samples and places where the
same lots were distributed and banning sales based on the Food Hygiene Law. (Note: The text originally read out — assessing radioactive contamination of the agricultural environment, especially foods
at the briefing was: “The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare informed the Agency that radiation levels — providing technical advice and determining appropriate medium- and long-term measures for agriculture —
including soil, land, forests, crops, fisheries, animal health and welfare and food safety
— facilitating international trade of foods, including agricultural produce
The IAEA continues to gather information on this development and will report further as events warrant. Efforts to pump seawater into the reactor core are continuing.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (19 March 2011, 4:30 UTC) Of additional concern at Unit 3 is the condition of the spent fuel pool in the building. There are indications that there
is an inadequate cooling water level in the pool, and Japanese authorities have addressed the problem by dropping
Summary of conditions at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant water from helicopters into the building and spraying water from trucks. On 18 March, Japanese Self Defence
Forces used seven fire trucks to continue spraying efforts. There is no data on the temperature of the water in
Located on the Eastern coast of Japan, the six nuclear power reactors at Daiichi are boiling water reactors (BWRs). the pool.

A massive earthquake on 11 March severed off-site power to the plant and triggered the automatic shutdown of
the three operating reactors — Units 1, 2, and 3. The control rods in those units were successfully inserted into the On 18 March, Japan assigned an INES rating of 5 to this unit.
reactor cores, ending the fission chain reaction. The remaining reactors — Units 4, 5, and 6 — had previously been
shut down for routine maintenance purposes. Backup diesel generators, designed to start up after losing off-site Unit 4
power, began providing electricity to pumps circulating coolant to the six reactors.
All fuel had been removed from the reactor core for routine maintenance before the earthquake and placed into
Soon after the earthquake, a large tsunami washed over the reactor site, knocking out the backup generators. While the spent fuel pool. A portion of the building’s outer shell was damaged by the explosion at Unit 3 on 14 March,
some batteries remained operable, the entire site lost the ability to maintain proper reactor cooling and water circu- and there have been two reported fires — possibly including one in the spent fuel pool on 15 March — that
lation functions. extinguished spontaneously, although smoke remained visible on 18 March.
Here is the current status of the six reactors, based on documents and confirmed by Japanese officials Authorities remain concerned about the condition of the spent fuel pool.
(new information in bold): On 18 March, Japan assigned an INES rating of 4 to this site.
Unit 1 Unit 5 and 6
Coolant within Unit 1 is covering about half of the fuel rods in the reactor, leading to fuel damage. High pressure Shut down before the earthquake, there are no immediate concerns about these reactors’ cores or containment.
within the reactor’s containment led operators to vent gas from the containment. Later, an explosion destroyed the Instrumentation from both spent fuel pools, however, has shown gradually increasing temperatures. Officials have
outer shell of the reactor building above the containment on 12 March. configured two diesel generators at Unit 6 to power water circulation in the spent fuel pools and cores of Units 5
and 6.
Workers have opened holes in the roofs of both buildings to prevent the possible accumulation of hydrogen,
Efforts to pump seawater into the reactor core are continuing. which is suspected of causing explosions at other units.
On 18 March, Japan assigned an INES rating of 5 to this unit. Restoration of Grid
 Further information on ratings and INES scale. Progress has been achieved in restoring external power to the nuclear power plant, although it remains uncertain
when full power will be available.
Unit 2
Evacuation
Coolant within Unit 2 is covering about half of the fuel rods in the reactor, leading to fuel damage. Following an
explosion on 15 March, Japanese officials expressed concerns that the reactor’s containment may not be fully intact. Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA that the evacuation of the population from the 20-kilometre zone
NISA officials reported on 18 March that white smoke continues to emerge from the building. around Fukushima Daiichi has been successfully completed. Japanese authorities have also advised people living
within 30 kilometres of the plant to remain inside.
Iodine
On 18 March, Japan assigned an INES rating of 5 to this unit.
On 16 March, Japan’s Nuclear Safety Commission recommended local authorities to instruct evacuees
Unit 3 leaving the 20-kilometre area to ingest stable (not radioactive) iodine. The pills and syrup (for children) had
been prepositioned at evacuation centers. The order recommended taking a single dose, with an amount
Coolant within Unit 3 is covering about half of the fuel rods in the reactor, leading to fuel damage. High pressure dependent on age:
within the reactor’s containment led operators to vent gas from the containment. Later, an explosion destroyed the
outer shell of the reactor building above the containment on 14 March. Baby 12.5 mg
1 mo.–3 yrs. 25 mg
Following the explosion, Japanese officials expressed concerns that the reactor’s containment may not be fully 3–13 yrs. 38 mg
intact. NISA officials reported on 18 March that white smoke continues to emerge from the building. 13–40 yrs. 76 mg
40+ yrs. Not necessary
Radiation Measurements Updates of 18 March 2011
Radiation levels near Fukushima Daiichi and beyond have elevated since the reactor damage began. However,
dose rates in Tokyo and other areas outside the 30-kilometre zone remain far from levels which would require any
protective action. In other words they are not dangerous to human health. IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Emergency (18 March 2011, 14:00 UTC)
At the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, radiation levels spiked three times since the earthquake, but have stabilized On 18 March 2011, Graham Andrew, Special Adviser to the IAEA Director General on Scientific and Technical Affairs,

since 16 March at levels which are, although significantly higher than the normal levels, within the range that allows briefed both Member States and the media on the current status of nuclear safety in Japan. His opening remarks,
workers to continue on-site recovery measures. which he delivered at 14:00 UTC at the IAEA headquarters in Vienna, are provided below:
Fukushima Daiichi Summary Table — Units 1–6 As I reported yesterday, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants remains very serious, but there
has been no significant worsening since our last briefing.
Legend No Immediate Concern Concern Severe Condition The situation at the reactors at Units 1, 2 and 3 appears to remain fairly stable.
Seawater was injected yesterday into Unit 2 and white smoke was again observed through the blown-out panels.
Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6
Power (MWe/th) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381 1100/3293 At Unit 3, which was the subject of helicopter water drops yesterday, water cannons have been spraying water on
the spent fuel pond and seawater was injected into the reactor pressure vessel.
Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-5
Status at the time of An important safety concern remains the spent fuel pools at Units 3 and 4. Information is lacking on water levels
In service — auto shutdown following earthquake Shut down for outage before earthquake and temperatures at the spent fuel pools.
event
Core and Fuel Damaged No fuel rods No damage expected

Efforts are being made to restore electrical power to the whole site. Another positive development is that diesel
No damage Damage Outage generators are providing power for cooling for both Units 5 and 6.
Containment Integrity No information No damage expected
reported suspected configuration
No problems have been reported at the common spent fuel pool. The spent fuel in the pool is fully covered by
Off-site power Recovery ongoing Not available
water.
Two emergency diesel generators
Diesel generators Not available
powering Units 5 and 6 The Japanese authorities today issued new ratings for the incidents on the IAEA International Nuclear and
Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage No damage reported Radiological Event Scale — INES.
Water level in reactor Outage They assess core damage at the Fukushima Daiichi 1, 2 and 3 reactor Units, caused by the loss of all cooling function,
About half of fuel assembly Above fuel
pressure vessel configuration
as 5 on the INES scale.
Pressure of reactor Outage
Stable Unreliable data Stabilised No information
pressure vessel configuration
The situation at Unit 4, where cooling and water supply in the spent fuel pool have been lost, is rated 3 by the
Containment Outage Japanese authorities.
No information Stable Stable No information
Pressure Drywell c onfiguration
Water injection to Outage At the Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant, the loss of cooling functions in Units 1, 2 and 4 has also been rated as 3.
Sea water Sea water Sea water Not necessary
reactor pressure vessel configuration All reactor Units at Fukushima Daini are now in a cold shut down condition.
Water injection to
Not available Not necessary
containment vessel 2. Radiation Monitoring
Spent fuel pool
No information Stabilising
temperature As mentioned yesterday, regular dose rate information is now being received from 47 Japanese cities.
Dose rates in Tokyo and other cities remain far from levels which would require action - in other words they are not
dangerous to human health.
First measurements in Tokyo by the Agency’s newly arrived radiation monitoring team today showed no indication
of Iodine-131 or Caesium-137. A second sampling will be carried out overnight.
3. Agency Activities Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (18 March 2011, 10:15 UTC)
As you know, the Director General is in Tokyo, where he met the Prime Minister and other senior government min- Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA that new INES ratings have been issued for some of the events relating
isters as well as the Vice-President of TEPCO. The Director General stressed the importance of providing faster and to the nuclear emergency at the Fukushima Daiichi and Daini nuclear power plants.
more detailed information about the situation at the nuclear power plants, including to the international commu-
nity. He also emphasized the importance of Japan working closely with the international community to resolve the Japanese authorities have assessed that the core damage at the Fukushima Daiichi 2 and 3 reactor Units caused by
crisis. loss of all cooling function has been rated as 5 on the INES scale.

There was agreement between the Agency and our Japanese counterparts that the Agency mission would fo- Japanese authorities have assessed that the loss of cooling and water supplying functions in the spent fuel pool of
cus on radiation measurements and the identification of Japanese needs for a future environmental monitoring the Unit 4 reactor has been rated as 3.
programme.
Japanese authorities have assessed that the loss of cooling functions in the reactor Units 1, 2 and 4 of the Fukushima
The Agency has started radiation measurements in Tokyo, as I mentioned, and we will move towards the Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant has also been rated as 3. All reactor Units at Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant are now
region as soon as possible. The Japanese counterparts confirmed their willingness to further strengthen their coop- in a cold shut down condition.
eration with the Agency and make available measurements made by TEPCO and the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology. Addition of 12:45 UTC
The Director General plans to brief the Agency’s Board of Governors on his return from Japan. Japanese authorities have assessed that the core damage at the Fukushima Daiichi 1 reactor unit caused by the loss
of all cooling function has been rated as 5 on the INES scale.
Following our request yesterday, the CTBTO informed us today that data from its radionuclide monitoring stations
will be made available to the Agency with immediate effect. On behalf of the Director General, I express my thanks This is an upgrade from a previous rating of 12 March as 4 on the INES scale, which was based on an abnormal rise of
to CTBTO Executive Secretary, Mr. Tibor Toth. radioactive dose rate at the site boundary.
The International Civil Aviation Organization, in consultation with the Agency and a number of other international Further information on the ratings and the INES scale.
organizations, said today that international flight and maritime operations can continue normally into and out
of Japan’s major airports and sea ports and there is no medical basis for imposing additional measures to protect
passengers. This will be kept under review. Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (18 March 2011, 06:10 UTC)
Agency staff continue to work around the clock. We intend to hold another Technical Briefing and press conference Temperature of Spent Fuel Pools at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant — Updated
at the same time tomorrow, Saturday.
Spent fuel removed from a nuclear reactor is highly radioactive and generates intense heat. Nuclear plant operators
View Video on YouTube typically store this material in pools of water that cool the fuel and shield the radioactivity. Water in a spent fuel pool
is continuously cooled to remove heat produced by spent fuel assemblies. According to IAEA experts, a typical spent
Presentations: fuel pool temperature is kept below 25 °C under normal operating conditions. The temperature of a spent fuel pool
Summary of Reactor Unit Status, by Graham Andrew is maintained by constant cooling, which requires a constant power source.
Technical Briefing of Nuclear Safety Aspects of Situation in Japan, by James Lyons
Technical Briefing on Radiological Situation in Japan, by Renate Czarwinksi Given the intense heat and radiation that spent fuel assemblies can generate, spent fuel pools must be constantly
checked for water level and temperature. If fuel is no longer covered by water or temperatures reach a boiling
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (18 March 2011, 12:25 UTC) point, fuel can become exposed and create a risk of radioactive release. The concern about the spent fuel pools at
Fukushima Daiichi is that sources of power to cool the pools have been compromised.
Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA that, prior to the earthquake of 12 March, the entire fuel core of
reactor Unit 4 of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant had been unloaded from the reactor and placed in the Concern about spent fuel storage conditions has led Japanese officials to drop and spray water from helicopters and
spent fuel pond located in the reactor’s building. trucks onto Unit 3 at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.
Clarification Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency has reported increasing temperatures in the spent fuel ponds at Units
5 and 6 since 14 March. An emergency diesel generator at Unit 6 is now powering water injection into the ponds at
Contrary to several news reports, the IAEA to date has NOT received any notification from the Japanese authorities those Units, according to NISA.
of people sickened by radiation contamination.
In the report of 17 March 01:15 UTC, the cases described were of people who were reported to have had radioactive
contamination detected on them when they were monitored.
The IAEA can confirm the following new information regarding the temperatures of the spent nuclear fuel pools at
Units 4, 5 and 6 at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant:
Unit 4
13 March, 19:08 UTC: 84 °C Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (17 March 2011, 16:55 UTC) — Clarified
Unit 5
Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA that engineers were able have begun to lay an external grid power line
17 March, 03:00 UTC: 64.2 °C cable to Unit 2. The operation was completed at 08:30 UTC. The operation was continuing as of 20:30 UTC, Tokyo
17 March, 18:00 UTC: 65.5 °C Electric Power Company officials told the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency.
Unit 6
17 March, 03:00 UTC: 62.5 °C They plan to reconnect power to Unit 2 once the spraying of water on the Unit 3 reactor building is completed.
17 March, 18:00 UTC: 62.0 °C
The spraying of water on the Unit 3 reactor building was temporarily stopped at 11:09 UTC (20:09 local time) of
17 March.
The IAEA is continuing to seek further information about the water levels, temperature and condition of all spent
fuel pool facilities at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.
The IAEA continues to liaise with the Japanese authorities and is monitoring the situation as it evolves.
IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Emergency (17 March 2011, 14:00 UTC)
At the IAEA headquarters in Vienna, Graham Andrew, Special Adviser to the IAEA Director General on Scientific and
Technical Affairs, briefed both Member States and the media on the current status of nuclear safety in Japan.
Current Situation
The situation at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants remains very serious, but there has been no significant
worsening since yesterday.
The current situation at Units 1, 2 and 3, whose cores have suffered damage, appears to be relatively stable. Sea
water is being injected into all three Units using fire extinguishing hoses. Containment pressures are fluctuating.
Military helicopters carried out four water drops over Unit 3.
Unit 4 remains a major safety concern. No information is available on the level of water in the spent fuel pool.
No water temperature indication from the Unit 4 spent fuel pool has been received since 14 March, when the
temperature was 84 °C. No roof is in place.
The water levels in the reactor pressure vessels of Units 5 and 6 have been declining.
Radiation Monitoring
We are now receiving dose rate information from 47 Japanese cities regularly. This is a positive development. In
Tokyo, there has been no significant change in radiation levels since yesterday. They remain well below levels which
are dangerous to human health.
As far as on-site radiation levels at the Fukushima Daiichi and Daini nuclear power plants are concerned, we have
received no new information since the last report.
In some locations at around 30 km from the Fukushima plant, the dose rates rose significantly in the last 24 hours (in
one location from 80 to 170 microsievert per hour and in another from 26 to 95 microsievert per hour). But this was
not the case at all locations at this distance from the plants.
Dose rates to the north-west of the nuclear power plants, were observed in the range 3 to 170 microsievert per hour,
with the higher levels observed around 30 km from the plant.
Dose rates in other directions are in the 1 to 5 microsievert per hour range. Radiological Contamination
Agency Activities • 17 people (9 TEPCO employees, 8 subcontractor employees) suffered from deposition of radioactive material to
their faces, but were not taken to the hospital because of low levels of exposure;
The Director General, who is now on his way to Japan, had another conversation with United Nations Secretary- • One worker suffered from significant exposure during “vent work,” and was transported to an off-site center;
General Ban Ki-Moon. The UN Secretary-General pledged all possible support for the Agency’s efforts. • 2 policemen who were exposed to radiation were decontaminated; and
• Firemen who were exposed to radiation are under investigation.
The Director General also met the Executive Secretary of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization
(CTBTO), Tibor Toth, to discuss the possibility of the Agency gaining access to data collected by CTBTO radionuclide The IAEA continues to seek information from Japanese authorities about all aspects of the Fukushima Daiichi
monitoring stations. nuclear plant.
A written request has been made to CTBTO. We believe the additional data and information could assist the Agency
in our assessment of the evolving situation in Japan.
A specialist from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) joined our team in the Incident and Emergency
Centre earlier this week, providing expert advice on the possible trajectories of winds from the area of the power
plants.
 View Video Excerpt :: Presentation

Based on a press release from the Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary dated 17 March 2011, 04:00 UTC, the IAEA can
confirm that the Japanese military carried out four helicopter water droppings over the building of reactor Unit 3 of
the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.
According to the press release, the droppings took place between 00:48 UTC and 01:00 UTC.

Injuries or Contamination at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
Based on a press release from the Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary dated 16 March 2011, the IAEA can confirm the
following information about human injuries or contamination at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.
Please note that this list provides a snapshot of the latest information made available to the IAEA by Japanese
authorities. Given the fluid situation at the plant, this information is subject to change.
Injuries
• 2 TEPCO employees have minor injuries;

• 2 subcontractor employees are injured, one person suffered broken legs and one person whose condition is
unknown was transported to the hospital;
• 2 people are missing;
• 2 people were “suddenly taken ill”;
• 2 TEPCO employees were transported to hospital during the time of donning respiratory protection in the
control centre;
• 4 people (2 TEPCO employees, 2 subcontractor employees) sustained minor injuries due to the explosion at Unit
1 on 11 March and were transported to the hospital; and
• 11 people (4 TEPCO employees, 3 subcontractor employees and 4 Japanese civil defense workers) were injured
due to the explosion at Unit 3 on 14 March.
Updates of 16 March 2011 Given the fast-changing situation in Japan, the Director General was unable to announce the itinerary for his trip. He
expects to be in Japan for a short amount of time and then return to Vienna.
 View Video on YouTube

Temperature of Spent Fuel Pools at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

Japanese authorities have reported concerns about the condition of the spent nuclear fuel pool at Fukushima
Spent fuel that has been removed from a nuclear reactor generates intense heat and is typically stored in a water- Daiichi Unit 3 and Unit 4. Japanese Defense Minister Toshimi Kitazawa announced Wednesday that Special Defence
filled spent fuel pool to cool it and provide protection from its radioactivity. Water in a spent fuel pool is continu- Forces helicopters planned to drop water onto Unit 3, and officials are also preparing to spray water into Unit 4 from
ously cooled to remove heat produced by spent fuel assemblies. According to IAEA experts, a typical spent fuel ground positions, and possibly later into Unit 3. Some debris on the ground from the 14 March explosion at Unit 3
pool temperature is kept below 25 °C under normal operating conditions. The temperature of a spent fuel pool is may need to be removed before the spraying can begin.
maintained by constant cooling, which requires a constant power source.
Given the intense heat and radiation that spent fuel assemblies can generate, spent fuel pools must be constantly
checked for water level and temperature. If fuel is no longer covered by water or temperatures reach a boiling Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA that a fire in the reactor building of Unit 4 of the Fukushima Daiichi
point, fuel can become exposed and create a risk of radioactive release. The concern about the spent fuel pools at nuclear power plant was visually observed at 20:45 UTC of 15 March. As of 21:15 UTC of the same day, the fire could
Fukushima Daiichi is that sources of power to cool the pools may have been compromised. no longer be observed.
The IAEA can confirm the following information regarding the temperatures of the spent nuclear fuel pools at Fire of 14 March
Units 4, 5 and 6 at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant:
As previously reported, at 23:54 UTC of 14 March a fire had occurred at Unit 4. The fire lasted around two hours and
Unit 4 was confirmed to be extinguished at 02:00 UTC of 15 March.
14 March, 10:08 UTC: 84 °C
15 March, 10:00 UTC: 84 °C Water Level in Unit 5
16 March, 05:00 UTC: no data
Japanese authorities have also informed the IAEA that at 12:00 UTC of 15 March the water level in Unit 5 had de-
Unit 5 creased to 201 cm above the top of the fuel. This was a 40 cm decrease since 07:00 UTC of 15 March. Officials at the
14 March, 10:08 UTC: 59.7 °C plant were planning to use an operational diesel generator in Unit 6 to supply water to Unit 5.
15 March, 10:00 UTC: 60.4 °C
16 March, 05:00 UTC: 62.7 °C The IAEA continues to liaise with the Japanese authorities and is monitoring the situation as it evolves.
Unit 6
14 March, 10:08 UTC: 58.0 °C
15 March, 10:00 UTC: 58.5 °C
16 March, 05:00 UTC: 60.0 °C
The IAEA is continuing to seek further information about the water levels, temperature and condition of all spent
fuel pool facilities at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.
IAEA Director General to Travel to Japan (16 March 2011, 18:50 UTC)
Director General Yukiya Amano announced the following today in Vienna:
“I plan to fly to Japan as soon as possible, hopefully tomorrow, to see the situation for myself and learn from our
Japanese counterparts how best the IAEA can help. I will request that the Board of Governors meet upon my return
to discuss the situation. My intention is that the first IAEA experts should leave for Japan as soon as possible.”
On 15 March, Japan requested the IAEA for assistance in the areas of environmental monitoring and the effects of
radiation on human health, asking for IAEA teams of experts to be sent to Japan to assist local experts.
Updates of 15 March 2011 Units 1 and 2 are decommissioned, Unit 3 is under inspection and not operational, and Units 4 and 5 remain in safe
operational status after the earthquake.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (15 March 2011, 22:30 UTC) Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (15 March 14:10 UTC)
Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA that the evacuation of the population from the 20-kilometre zone The IAEA Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) continues to monitor the status of the nuclear power plants in Japan
around Fukushima Daiichi has been successfully completed.
that were affected by the devastating earthquake and consequent tsunami.
The Japanese authorities have also advised that people within a 30-km radius to take cover indoors. Iodine tablets All units at the Fukushima Daini, Onagawa, and Tokai nuclear power plants are in a safe and stable condition (i.e.
have been distributed to evacuation centres but no decision has yet been taken on their administration. cold shutdown).
The IAEA continues to liaise with the Japanese authorities and is monitoring the situation as it evolves. The IAEA remains concerned over the status of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, where sea water
injections to cool the reactors in units 1, 2 and 3 are continuing. Attempts to return power to the entire Daiichi site
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (15 March 2011, 20:35 UTC) are also continuing.
The Japanese government today requested assistance from the IAEA in the areas of environmental monitoring and After explosions at both units 1 and 3, the primary containment vessels of both units are reported to be intact. How-
the effects of radiation on human health, asking for IAEA teams of experts to be sent to Japan to assist local experts. ever, the explosion that occurred at 04:25 UTC on 14 March at the Fukushima Daiichi unit 2 may have affected the
Preparations for these missions are currently under way. integrity of its primary containment vessel. All three explosions were due to an accumulation of hydrogen gas.
The missions will draw on IAEA resources and may also possibly involve Response and Assistance Network (RANET) A fire at unit 4 occurred on 14 March 23:54 UTC and lasted two hours. The IAEA is seeking clarification on the nature
and Member States’ capabilities. and consequences of the fire. The IAEA continues to seek details about the status of all workers, reactors and spent
fuel at the Fukushima Daiichi plant.
This development follows the IAEA’s offer to Japan of its “Good Offices” — i.e. making available the Agency’s direct
support and coordination of international assistance. An evacuation of the population from the 20-kilometre zone around Fukushima Daiichi is in effect. The Japanese
have advised that people within a 30-km radius shall take shelter indoors. Iodine tablets have been distributed to
RANET is a network of resources made available by IAEA Member States that can be offered in the event of a radia- evacuation centres but no decision has yet been taken on their administration.
tion incident or emergency. Coordination of RANET is done by the IAEA within the framework of the Convention on
Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency. A 30-kilometre no-fly zone has been established around the Daiichi plant. Normal civil aviation beyond this zone
remains uninterrupted. The Japan Coast Guard established evacuation warnings within 10 kilometres of Fukushima
The IAEA continues to liaise with the Japanese authorities and is monitoring the situation as it evolves. Daiichi and 3 kilometres of Fukushima Daini.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (15 March 2011, 18:00 UTC) The IAEA and several other UN organizations held a meeting at 11:00 UTC today to discuss recent developments
and coordinate activities related to consequences of the earthquake and tsunami. The meeting was called under the
The IAEA can confirm the following information about the status of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant: framework of the Joint Radiation Emergency Management Plan of the International Organizations, and this group
expects to work closely together in the days ahead.
Unit 4 was shut down for a routine, planned maintenance outage on 30 November 2010. After the outage, all fuel
from the reactor was transferred to the spent fuel pool. IAEA Director General’s Briefing on Day 5 of Japanese Earthquake Emergency (15
Units 5 and 6 were shut down at the time of the earthquake. Unit 5 was shut down as of 3 January 2011. Unit 6 was March 2011, 14:00 UTC)
shut down as of 14 August 2010. Both reactors are currently loaded with fuel.
IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano briefed both Member States and the media on developments at the Fukushima
As of 00:16 UTC on 15 March, plant operators were considering the removal of panels from Units 5 and 6 reactor Daiichi nuclear power plant.
buildings to prevent a possible build-up of hydrogen in the future. It was a build-up of hydrogen at Units 1, 2 and 3
that led to explosions at the Daiichi facilities in recent days.  View Excerpts from Briefing :: View Photos on Flickr
The IAEA continues to monitor and seek information on the status of plant workers, reactor conditions, and spent
nuclear fuel at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (15 March 11:25 UTC)
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Update
Radiation Dose Rates Observed at the Site
An earthquake of 6.1 magnitude was reported today at 13:31 UTC in Eastern Honshu, Japan. The Hamaoka nuclear
power plant is sited an estimated 100 kilometres from the epicentre. The Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA that the following radiation dose rates have been observed on site
at the main gate of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.
IEC confirmed with Japan that the plant continues to operate safely.
Dose rates of up to 400 millisievert per hour have been reported at the site. The Japanese authorities are saying that
At 00:00 UTC on 15 March a dose rate of 11.9 millisieverts (mSv) per hour was observed. Six hours later, at 06:00 UTC there is a possibility that the fire was caused by a hydrogen explosion.
on 15 March a dose rate of 0.6 millisieverts (mSv) per hour was observed.
The IAEA is seeking further information on these developments.
These observations indicate that the level of radioactivity has been decreasing at the site.
As reported earlier, a 400 millisieverts (mSv) per hour radiation dose observed at Fukushima Daiichi occurred be-

tween units 3 and 4. This is a high dose-level value, but it is a local value at a single location and at a certain point in Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (15 March 2011, 02:35 UTC)
time. The IAEA continues to confirm the evolution and value of this dose rate. It should be noted that because of this
detected value, non-indispensible staff was evacuated from the plant, in line with the Emergency Response Plan, Japanese authorities yesterday reported to the IAEA at 20:05 UTC that the reactors Units 1, 2 and 3 of the F ukushima
and that the population around the plant is already evacuated. Daini nuclear power plant are in cold shutdown status. This means that the pressure of the water coolant is at
around atmospheric level and the temperature is below 100 degrees Celsius. Under these conditions, the reactors
About 150 persons from populations around the Daiichi site have received monitoring for radiation levels. The are considered to be safely under control.
results of measurements on some of these people have been reported and measures to decontaminate 23 of them
have been taken. The IAEA will continue to monitor these developments. Japanese authorities have also informed the IAEA that teams of experts from Tokyo Electric Power Company
(TEPCO), the plant´s operator, are working to restore cooling in the reactor Unit 4 and bring it to cold shutdown.
Evacuation of the population from the 20 kilometre zone is continuing.
The Japanese have asked that residents out to a 30 km radius to take shelter indoors. Japanese authorities have
distributed iodine tablets to the evacuation centres but no decision has yet been taken on their administration.
Background on Radiation
A person’s radiation exposure due to all natural sources amounts on average to about 2.4 millisievert (mSv) per year.
A sievert (Sv) is a unit of effective dose of radiation. Depending on geographical location, this figure can vary by
several hundred percent.
Since one sievert is a large quantity, radiation doses are typically expressed in millisievert (mSv) or microsievert
(µSv), which is one-thousandth or one millionth of a sievert. For example, one chest X-ray will give about 0.2 mSv of
radiation dose.
For further information on radiation, see Radiation in Everyday Life.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (15 March 07:35 UTC)

Japanese authorities have confirmed that the fire at the spent fuel storage pond at the Unit 4 reactor of Fukushima
Daiichi nuclear power plant was extinguished on 15 March at 02:00 UTC.
Please note that all future communications from the IAEA regarding events in Japan will use the Coordinated
Universal Time (UTC) standard.

Japanese authorities informed the IAEA that there has been an explosion at the Unit 2 reactor at the Fukushima
Daiichi plant. The explosion occurred at around 06:20 on 15 March local Japan time.
Japanese authorities also today informed the IAEA at 04:50 CET that the spent fuel storage pond at the Unit 4
reactor of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant is on fire and radioactivity is being released directly into the
atmosphere.
Updates of 14 March 2011 Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) has reported that about 185 000 residents had been evacuated
from the towns listed below as of 13 March 2011, 17:00 (JST).
Populations of Evacuated Towns Near Affected Nuclear Power Plants

Hirono-cho 5 387
After the IAEA offered its Good Offices to Japan — i.e. making available the Agency´s direct support and coordina- Naraha-cho 7 851
tion of international assistance — the Japanese government yesterday asked the IAEA to provide expert missions to
Tomioka-cho 15 786
the country. Discussions have begun to prepare the details of those missions.
Okuma-cho 11 186
At a briefing for representatives of IAEA Member States held yesterday in Vienna, IAEA Director General Yukiya Futaba-cho 6 936
Amano outlined some of the areas in which IAEA support could be provided to Japan. Namie-cho 20 695
Tamura-shi 41 428
“The IAEA can offer support in technical areas such as radiation surveys and environmental sampling, medical
Minamisouma-shi 70 975
support, the recovery of missing or misplaced radioactive sources or advice on emergency response,” he said.
Kawauchi-mura 2 944
In addition, the IAEA is coordinating assistance from Member States through the Response and Assistance Network Kuzuo-mura 1 482
(RANET). The network consists of nations that can offer specialized assistance after a radiation incident or emer- Total 184 670
gency. Coordination by the IAEA takes place within the framework of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a
Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency.
Iodine Distribution
Japan has distributed 230 000 units of stable iodine to evacuation centres from the area around Fukushima D aiichi
IAEA Director General Briefs Media on Nuclear Safety in Japan and Fukushima Daini nuclear power plants, according to officials. The iodine has not yet been administered to
(14 March 2011, 16:45 UTC) residents; the distribution is a precautionary measure in the event that this is determined to be necessary.
At 16:45 UTC on 14 March 2011, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano briefed the media on the consequences of the The ingestion of stable iodine can help to prevent the accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid.
twin natural disasters in Japan.
Weather Forecast
The press conference was opened by IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano, followed by comments from James
Lyons, Director of the Division of Nuclear Installation Safety; Denis Flory, Deputy Director General for the Depart- In partnership with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the IAEA is continuing to monitor weather fore-
ment of Nuclear Safety and Security; and Alena Buglova, acting Head of the Incident and Emergency Centre. casts and is providing updates to Member States. Since the incident began, winds have been moving away from the
Japanese coast to the East, and predictions call for the same patterns to persist for the next three days.
 Director General Statement :: View Photos on Flickr :: View Video on YouTube
Japanese Earthquake Update (14 March 2011, 14:35 UTC)

IAEA Director General Briefed on Disaster Response and Nuclear Safety
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (14 March 2011, 08:30 UTC)
Japanese authorities have reported to the IAEA that Fukushima Daiichi Unit 2 has experienced decreasing coolant lev- At the IAEA’s Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) and at its International Seismological Safety Centre (ISSC), IAEA
els in the reactor core. Officials have begun to inject sea water into the reactor to maintain cooling of the reactor core. Director General Yukiya Amano received a briefing at 08:30 UTC.
Sea water injections into Units 1 and 3 were interrupted yesterday due to a low level in a sea water supply reservoir, The IAEA emergency management experts detailed the status of emergency communications with Japanese
but sea water injections have now been restored at both Units. authorities, as well as with emergency management counterparts in other IAEA Member States and among
international organizations.
Evacuation Status
Director General Amano was briefed as well on nuclear safety, seismological activity, and the on-going disaster
On 12 March, the Japanese Prime Minister ordered the evacuation of residents living within 10 kilometres of the recovery efforts in Japan.
Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant and within 20 kilometres of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.
.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (14 March 2011, 06:00 UTC) r eactor core is being cooled through reactor core isolation cooling, a procedure used to remove heat from the core.
The current reactor water level is lower than normal but remains steady. The outer shell of the containment building
Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) has provided the IAEA with further information about the is intact at Unit 2.
hydrogen explosion that occurred today at the Unit 3 reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. A hydrogen
explosion occurred at Unit 3 on 14 March at 11:01 am local Japan time. Unit 3 does not have off-site power supply nor backup diesel generators providing power to the plant. As the high
pressure injection system and other attempts to cool the reactor core have failed, injection of water and boron into
All personnel at the site are accounted for. Six people have been injured. the reactor vessel has commenced. Water levels inside the reactor vessel increased steadily for a certain amount
of time but readings indicating the water level inside the pressure vessel are no longer showing an increase. The
The reactor building exploded but the primary containment vessel was not damaged. The control room of Unit 3 reason behind this is unknown at this point in time. To relieve pressure, venting of the containment started on
remains operational. 13 March at 9:20 am local Japan time. Planning is underway to reduce the concentration of hydrogen inside the
containment building. The containment building is intact at Unit 3.
The IAEA is seeking information about the status of spent fuel at the Daiichi plant.
Based on information provided by Japanese authorities, the IAEA can confirm the following information about the
status of Units 1, 2, 3 and 4 at Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant.
All four Units automatically shut down on 11 March. All Units have off-site power and water levels in all Units are
stable. Though preparations have been made to do so, there has been no venting to control pressure at any of the
plant´s Units.
At Unit 1, plant operators were able to restore a residual heat remover system, which is now being used to cool the
reactor. Work is in progress to achieve a cold shutdown of the reactor.
Workers at Units 2 and 4 are working to restore residual heat removal systems.
Unit 3 is in a safe, cold shutdown.
Radiation dose rate measurements observed at four locations around the plant´s perimeter over a 16-hour period
on 13 March were all normal.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (14 March, 2011, 03:00 UTC)

Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) has informed the IAEA that there has been an explosion at the
Unit 3 reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant.
The explosion occurred at 11:01 am local Japan time.
The IAEA is seeking further information on this development.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (14 March 2011, 00:30 UTC) — Clarified
Based on information provided by Japanese authorities, the IAEA can confirm the following information about the
status of Units 1, 2 and 3 at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.
Unit 1 is being powered by mobile power generators on site, and work continues to restore power to the plant.
There is currently no power via off-site power supply or backup diesel generators being provided to the plant.
Seawater and boron are being injected into the reactor vessel to cool the reactor. Due to the explosion on 12 March,
the outer shell of the containment building has been lost.
Unit 2 is being powered by mobile power generators on site, and work continues to restore power to the plant.
There is currently neither off-site power supply nor backup diesel generators providing power to the plant. The
Updates of 13 March 2011 In partnership with the World Meteorological Organization, the IAEA is providing its Member States with weather
forecasts for the affected areas in Japan. The latest predictions have indicated winds moving to the Northeast, away
from Japanese coast over the next three days.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (13 March 2011, 20:45 UTC) The IAEA continues to liaise with the Japanese authorities and is monitoring the situation as it evolves.
The Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA that radioactivity levels at the site boundary of the Onagawa

nuclear power plant have returned down to normal background levels. The first (i.e. lowest) state of emergency was
reported at the plant earlier on Sunday after an increased level of radioactivity was detected at the site boundary.
Investigations at the site indicate that no emissions of radioactivity have occurred from any of the three Units at
Onagawa. The current assumption of the Japanese authorities is that the increased level may have been due to a
release of radioactive material from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.

Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA´s Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) that venting of the contain-
ment of reactor Unit 3 of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant started at 9:20 am local Japan time of 13 March
through a controlled release of vapour. The operation is intended to lower pressure inside the reactor containment.
Subsequently, following the failure of the high pressure injection system and other attempts of cooling the plant,
injection of water first and sea water afterwards started. The authorities have informed the IAEA that accumulation
of hydrogen is possible.
Japanese authorities have also informed the IAEA that the first (i.e. lowest) state of emergency at the Onagawa
nuclear power plant has been reported by Tohoku Electric Power Company. The authorities have informed the IAEA
that the three reactor Units at the Onagawa nuclear power plant are under control.
As defined in Article 10 of Japan´s Act on Special Measures Concerning Nuclear Emergency Preparedness, the alert was
declared as a consequence of radioactivity readings exceeding allowed levels in the area surrounding the plant.
Japanese authorities are investigating the source of radiation. The IAEA has offered its “Good Offices” to Japan to
support the nation´s response to the 11 March earthquake and tsunami. One IAEA capability intended to help
member states during crises is the Response and Assistance Network (RANET). The network consists of nations that
can offer specialized assistance after a radiation incident or emergency. Such assistance is coordinated by the IAEA
within the framework of the Assistance Convention.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (13 March 2011, 02:35 CET) — Corrected
An earlier version of this release incorrectly described pressure venting actions at Units 1, 2 and 4 at the Fukushima
Daini nuclear power plant. Venting did not occur at these Units.
Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA that Units 1, 2 and 4 at the Fukushima Daini retain off-site power. Daini
Unit 3 is in a safe, cold shutdown, according to Japanese officials.
Japanese authorities have reported some casualties to nuclear plant workers. At Fukushima Daiichi, four workers
were injured by the explosion at the Unit 1 reactor, and there are three other reported injuries in other incidents.
In addition, one worker was exposed to higher-than-normal radiation levels that fall below the IAEA guidance for
emergency situations. At Fukushima Daini, one worker has died in a crane operation accident and four others have
been injured.
Updates of 12 March 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (12 March 2011, 12:40 UTC)
Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) has informed the IAEA’s Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC)
that there has been an explosion at the Unit 1 reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, and that they are assessing the
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (12 March 2011, 20:10 UTC) condition of the reactor core.
Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA that the explosion at Unit 1 reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi plant The explosion was reported to NISA by the plant operator, Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), at 0730 CET.
occurred outside the primary containment vessel (PCV), not inside. The plant operator, Tokyo Electric Power Further details were not immediately available.
Company (TEPCO), has confirmed that the integrity of the primary containment vessel remains intact.
Japanese authorities have extended the evacuation zone around the Fukushima Daiichi plant to a 20-kilometre
As a countermeasure to limit damage to the reactor core, TEPCO proposed that sea water mixed with boron be radius from the previous 10 kilometres.
injected into the primary containment vessel. This measure was approved by Japan´s Nuclear and Industrial Safety
Agency (NISA) and the injection procedure began at 20:20 local Japan time. At the nearby Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant, the evacuation zone has been extended to a 10-kilometre
radius from the previous three kilometres.
Japan has reported that four workers at Fukushima Daiichi were injured by the explosion.
The authorities also say they are making preparations to distribute iodine to residents in the area of both the plants.
NISA have confirmed the presence of caesium-137 and iodine-131 in the vicinity of Fukushima Daiichi Unit 1. NISA
reported an initial increase in levels of radioactivity around the plant earlier today, but these levels have been The IAEA has reiterated its offer of technical assistance to Japan, should the government request this. The IAEA
observed to lessen in recent hours. continues to liaise with the Japanese authorities, and is in full response mode to monitor the situation closely
Containment remains intact at Fukushima Daiichi Units 1, 2 and 3. around the clock as it evolves.
Evacuations around both affected nuclear plants have begun. In the 20-kilometre radius around Fukushima D aiichi
an estimated 170 000 people have been evacuated. In the 10-kilometre radius around Fukushima Daini an e stimated
30 000 people have been evacuated. Full evacuation measures have not been completed.
Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA’s Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) that, starting at 12 March 9:00
am local Japan time, they have started the preparation for the venting of the containment of the Unit 1 reactor at
The Japanese authorities have classified the event at Fukushima Daiichi Unit 1 as a level 4 “Accident with Local Con-
the Fukushima Daiichi plant through a controlled release of vapour. The operation is intended to lower pressure
sequences” on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES). The INES scale is used to promptly and
inside the reactor containment.
consistently communicate to the public the safety significance of events associated with sources of radiation. The
scale runs from 0 (deviation) to 7 (major accident).
Evacuation of residents living within ten kilometres of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant is reported to be
under way. An area with a radius of three kilometres around the plant had already been evacuated.
Japan has also confirmed the safety of all its nuclear research reactors.
The evacuation of residents living within three kilometres of the Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant is also under
way.
IAEA Director General´s Update on Tsunami and Earthquake Emergency The IAEA’s IEC continues to liaise with the Japanese authorities, and is in full response mode to monitor the situation
Response (12 March 2011, 19:00 UTC) closely around the clock as it evolves.
IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano provided a video statement on the aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami
that struck Japan. Director General Amano expressed his sincerest condolences for the lives and homes lost, and
said: “My heart goes out to the people of my home country as they rise to the challenge of this immense tragedy.”
Director General Amano notes the current effort to prevent further damage to Unit 1 reactor at the Fukushima
Daiichi nuclear power plant.
In response to the situation, Director General Amano also explained the IAEA’s dual role to use emergency commu-
nication channels to exchange verified, official information between Japan and other IAEA Member States, as well as
to coordinate the delivery of international assistance, should Japan or other affected countries request it.
Updates of 11 March 2011 “The IAEA continues to stand ready to provide technical assistance of any kind, should Japan request this,” IAEA
Director General Yukiya Amano said.
The IAEA’s IEC continues to liaise with the Japanese authorities, and is in full response mode to monitor the situation
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (11 March 2011, 21:10 UTC) closely round the clock.
Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA’s Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) that officials are working to Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (11 March 2011, 11:45 UTC)

restore power to the cooling systems of the Unit 2 reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Mobile
electricity supplies have arrived at the site. The IAEA’s Incident and Emergency Centre has received information from Japan´s Nuclear and Industrial Safety
Agency (NISA) that a heightened state of alert has been declared at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. NISA
Japanese officials have also reported that pressure is increasing inside the Unit 1 reactor´s containment, and the says the plant has been shut down and no release of radiation has been detected.
officials have decided to vent the containment to lower the pressure. The controlled release will be filtered to retain
radiation within the containment. Japanese authorities have also reported a fire at the Onagawa nuclear power plant, which has been extinguished.
They say Onagawa, Fukushima-Daini and Tokai nuclear power plants were also shut down automatically, and no
Three reactors at the plant were operating at the time of the earthquake, and the water level in each of the reactor radiation release has been detected.
vessels remains above the fuel elements, according to Japanese authorities.
The IAEA received information from its International Seismic Safety Centre that a second earthquake of magnitude
The IAEA’s IEC continues to liaise with the Japanese authorities, and is in full response mode to monitor the situation 6.5 has struck Japan near the coast of Honshu, near the Tokai plant.
closely round the clock.
The IAEA is seeking further details on the situation at Fukushima Daiichi and other nuclear power plants and
IAEA Director General Expresses Condolences Following Japan Earthquake research reactors, including information on off-site and on-site electrical power supplies, cooling systems and the
(11 March 2011, 20:50 CET) condition of the reactor buildings. Nuclear fuel requires continued cooling even after a plant is shut down.
“I would like to express my condolences and sympathies to the people of Japan who have suffered from this earth- The IAEA is also seeking information on the status of radioactive sources in the country, such as medical and
quake and to the Government of Japan,” said IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano. industrial equipment.
The World Meteorological Organization has informed the IAEA that prevailing winds are blowing eastwards, away
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (11 March 2011, 20:30 CET) from the Japanese coast.
Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA’s Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) that today’s earthquake and
All IAEA staff in Japan, both in the Tokyo office and in nuclear facilities, are confirmed to be safe.
tsunami have cut the supply of off-site power to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. In addition, diesel gen-
erators intended to provide back-up electricity to the plant’s cooling system were disabled by tsunami flooding, and
efforts to restore the diesel generators are continuing. Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (11 March 2011, 08:30 UTC)
At Fukushima Daiichi, officials have declared a nuclear emergency situation, and at the nearby Fukushima Daini The IAEA’s Incident and Emergency Centre received information from the International Seismic Safety Centre (ISSC)
nuclear power plant, officials have declared a heightened alert condition. at around 08:15 CET this morning about the earthquake of magnitude 8.9 near the east coast of Honshu, Japan.
Japanese authorities say there has so far been no release of radiation from any of the nuclear power plants affected The Agency is liaising with the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) to confirm further details of
by today´s earthquake and aftershocks. the situation. Japanese authorities reported that the four nuclear power plants closest to the quake have been safely
shut down.
The IAEA’s IEC continues to liaise with the Japanese authorities, and is in full response mode to monitor the situation
closely round the clock. The Agency has sent an offer of Good Offices to Japan, should the country request support.
Current media reports say a tsunami alert has been issued for 50 countries, reaching as far as Central America. The
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (11 March 2011, 16:55 UTC) Agency is seeking further information on which countries and nuclear facilities may be affected.
Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA’s Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) that they have ordered the
evacuation of residents within a three-kilometre radius of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, and told
people within a 10-kilometre radius to remain indoors.
The Japanese authorities say there has so far been no release of radiation from any of the nuclear power plants
affected by today’s earthquake and aftershocks.
Design: A. Diesner-Kuepfer / IAEA Division of Public Information

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TEPCO Monitoring Programme

Map 2: MEXT Seawater Sampling Locations:

Map 1: TEPCO Seawater Sampling Locations:

1. Current Situation Earthquake of 11 April

MEXT Off-shore Monitoring Programme

Earthquake of 11 April 2. Radiation Monitoring

Unit 5 6 Severe Conditions

AC power available — AC power available — AC power available — AC Power available —

Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage

Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is

Pressure of RPV Increasing Stable Stable

CV Pressure Drywell Increasing Stable Stable Not applicable due to

Water Injection to CV No information No information No information

Freshwater spraying Freshwater injection via

Unit 5 6 Severe Conditions

Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage

Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is

Pressure of RPV Increasing Stable Stable

CV Pressure Drywell Increasing Stable Stable Not applicable due to

Water Injection to CV No information No information No information

Freshwater spraying Freshwater injection via Freshwater spraying

Unit 5 6 Severe Conditions

Tokai Daini Nuclear Power Plant 3. Radiation Monitoring

Tokai Daini Nuclear Power Plant Unit 5 6 Severe Conditions

Water Injection to CV No information No information No information

Freshwater spraying Freshwater injection via Freshwater spraying

Unit 5 6 Severe Conditions

Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4

RPV temperature high but

AC power available — AC power available — AC Power available —

Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage

Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is

Pressure of RPV Fluctuating Stable Stable

CV Pressure Drywell Decreasing trend Stable Stable Not applicable due to

Water Injection to CV No information No information No information

Freshwater spraying Freshwater injection via Freshwater spraying

Unit 5 6 Severe Conditions

Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4 Presentations:

AC power available — AC power available — AC Power available —

Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage

Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is

Pressure of RPV Stable Stable Stable

CV Pressure Drywell Decreased Stable Stable Not applicable due to

Water Injection to CV No information No information No information

Freshwater injection via Seawater injection via

Unit 5 6 Severe Conditions

AC power available — AC power available — AC Power available —

Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage

Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is

Pressure of RPV Stable Stable Stable

CV Pressure Drywell Decreased Stable Stable Not applicable due to

Water Injection to CV No information No information No information

Freshwater injection via Seawater injection via Seawater injection via

Distance of the Type of Reactor BWR-4 BWR-5 Concern

Modelling Marine Dispersion

Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage

Pressure of RPV Slightly increasing Stable Stable

Seawater injection via Seawater injection via

Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (25 March 2011, 02.50 UTC)

Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage

Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is Around half of Fuel is

Pressure of RPV Slowly increasing Unreliable Readings Stable