INTRAVENOUS

THERAPY
 INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
 It is the insertion of a needle or cannula to a
vein connected to a tubing and a fluid
container

 It is based on a written doctor’s order

 It is used to provide medication and fluids

 WHO CAN START AN IV LINE?
 Physicians
 Dentists
 Nurses
 Midwives
 Pharmacists
 Other licensed health care professionals
WHAT DO YOU NEED?
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES IN
IVT
1. OBTAIN/CHECK DOCTOR’S
ORDER
 2. SELECT THE APPROPRIATE
EQUIPMENT
3 Common Types of IV systems/equipment

© Luer Lock injection w/ J-loop

© IV fluid or medication on an infusion pump
© IV fluid Gravity Flow infusions using the
macro/microdrip or Y type tubing
LUER LOCK INJECTION W/ J-
LOOP
 This device maintains
patent venous access in
patients receiving IV
therapy regularly or
intermittently
IV FLUID OR MEDICATION ON AN
INFUSION PUMP
 To transfuse accurate
dosages
 To deliver very large or
small amount of fluid
accurately
 To minimize risk for fluid
overload
IV FLUID GRAVITY FLOW INFUSIONS USING
THE MACRO/MICRODRIP OR Y TYPE TUBING
 Emergency fluid
resuscitation
 Short term
medication
infusion
 Blood and blood
products
 Colloid
administration
 PARTS OF AN IV LINE

 Protective cap
 Spike
 Medication port
 Drip chamber
 Tubing
 Nozzle/ thumbwheel/roller clamp/ regulator
 Rubber medication port/ y-port
 Luer connector/ connector
 3. SELECT THE CANNULA,
GAUGE AND LENGTH
 G26 (violet)- neonates
 G24 (blue)- children/elderly/medical/post
op surgical patients
 G22 (yellow)- children/medical/post op
surgical patients
 G20 (pink)- adult/medical/ post op surgical
patients
 G18 (green)- surgical patients/ BT
 G16 (gray)- trauma patients
 G14 (red)- trauma patients
COLOR CODING FOR IV
CANNULA
PARTS OF IV CANNULA
TYPES OF IV CANNULA
 4. SELECTING THE IV SITE
Consider Patient’s:
© Medical history
© Age
© Body size
© Weight
© Conditions of vein and skin
© Type of fluid/medication
© Duration of therapy
© Skill at venipuncture
IV SITES
 SITES TO AVOID

 Flexed areas
 Extensive scars
 Hematoma
 Infiltrarion of phlebitis site
 Fistula
 Skin disease

Reminder:
If the patient’s chosen IV site is hairy, don’t
shave the area, instead, clip/cut the hair.
The IV site and IV tubing is good for 72 hours
5. ADMINISTER THE CORRECT IV
FLUID
3 Fluid Types:

© Isotonic
© Hypotonic
© Hypertonic

REMINDER:
A bottle (1000ml or 500ml) of IVF is good for
24 hours only. If not consumed, discard and
hook a new IVF
 ISOTONIC IVF
 Same osmolarity as Examples:
serum  PNSS- Plain Normal
 Remain inside Saline Solution or 0.9
% NaCl Solution
intravascular
(green)
 For hypotensive/  D5W (5% dextrose in
 Hypovolemia water) (red)
 Risk for overload  PLRS- Plain Lactated
Ringers Solution
(dark blue)
 HYPOTONIC IVF

 Less osmolarity Examples:

than serum  Distilled water
 Causes swelling of  0.18% NaCl
the cells  0.45% NaCl (half
 For dehydration strength normal
 For hyperglycemia saline)
 May cause  0.33% NaCl ( one
increased ICP and third strength
cardiovascular normal saline)
collapse
 HYPERTONIC IVF

Examples:
 Higher osmolarity
than serum  Blood products
 Shrinking of cells  Albumin
 D5NSS (5% Dextrose in normal
 For BP saline solution)\
stabilization,  D5 in 0.45% NaCl ( 5% Dextrose
in half strength normal saline)
increase urine  D5LR (5% Dextrose in Lactated
output, reduce Ringer's Solution)
 D10W ( 10% Dextrose in water)
edema  D50W50 (50% Dextrose in 50
ml of water)
 6. CHECK FOR THE IVT
COMPLICATIONS
Local Systemic
Complications: Complications:
 Hematoma  Venous spasm

 Thrombosis  Speed shock

 Phlebitis  Septicemia

 Infiltration/  Air embolism

Extravasation  Circulatory
 Local infection overload
 Allergic reactions  Catheter embolism
THANK YOU 