CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Psycholinguistics

Psycholinguistics aims to uncover the mental

representations and processes through which people produce
and understand language, and it uses a wide range of techniques
to do this. The preferred psycholinguistic method is to carry out a
controlled experiment. This means that the researcher
manipulates an independent linguistic variable to control some
aspect of language processing and then measures the effect of
the manipulation on a dependent variable of interest. This paper
is compiled to implement one of the research methodologies for
this discipline. In this turning we intend to choose an approach
that can be utilized in both qualitative and quantitative methods.
However, we focus on psycholinguistical phenomenon especially
on a film titled “And Your Name is Jonah”. Obviously we do not go
further to a real result of research but we solely elaborate how to
do a research on psycholinguistical phenomenon. Before coming
to the discussion, we let you understand what psycholinguistics
is in order to have more deep understanding.

Psycholinguistics is a relatively new subject of linguistics

due to the fact that it involves not only language study but
psychological aspects as well. Psycholinguistics is the study of
language acquisition and linguistic behavior as well as the
psychological mechanism responsible form them. Now compare
this definition with the one given by Hartmann and stork,
saying:” psycholinguistics refers to the efforts of both linguists
and psychologists to explain whether certain hypotheses about
language acquisition and language competence as proposed by
contemporary linguistic theories (e.g.: transformational
generative grammar) have a real basis in terms of: perception,
memory, intelligence, motivation, etc. (1973:189)

In this regard, Dan Isaac Slobin in his book,

psycholinguistics (1979:2) comments that psycholinguists are
interested in the underlying knowledge and abilities which people
must have in order to use language in childhood. We say
“underlying knowledge and abilities” because language, like all
systems of human knowledge, can only be inferred from the
careful study of overt behavior.”

For this reason, language can be divided into two facets;

competence and performance, the first term refers to
everything the native speakers must have to understand the
grammatical sentences, including those which have never been
heard before. This is the so called innate ability parallel to
underlying knowledge and abilities. The latter refers to the
demonstration of the ability in actual communication.

Meanwhile Evelyn Marcussen Hatch in her book,

Psycholinguistics (1983:1) expresses her concept as follows:
Psycholinguistics is defined traditionally as the study of human
language, language, language comprehension, language
production, and language acquisition.

Descriptive

Descriptive research does not fit neatly into the definition

of either quantitative or qualitative research methodologies, but
instead it can utilize elements of both, often within the same
study. The term descriptive research refers to the type of
research question, design, and data analysis that will be applied
to a given topic. Descriptive statistics tell what is, while
inferential statistics try to determine cause and effect.

Descriptive research can be either quantitative or

qualitative. It can involve collections of quantitative information
that can be tabulated along a continuum in numerical form, such
as scores on a test or the number of times a person chooses to
use a-certain feature of a multimedia program, or it can describe
categories of information such as gender or patterns of
interaction when using technology in a group situation.
Descriptive research involves gathering data that describe
events and then organizes, tabulates, depicts, and describes the
data collection (Glass & Hopkins, 1984). It often uses visual aids
such as graphs and charts to aid the reader in understanding the
data distribution. Because the human mind cannot extract the
full import of a large mass of raw data, descriptive statistics are
very important in reducing the data to manageable form. When
in-depth, narrative descriptions of small numbers of cases are
involved, the research uses description as a tool to organize data
into patterns that emerge during analysis. Those patterns aid the
mind in comprehending a qualitative study and its implications.

Three main purposes of research are to describe, explain,

and validate findings. Description emerges following creative
exploration, and serves to organize the findings in order to fit
them with explanations, and then test or validate those
explanations (Krathwohl, 1993). Many research studies call for
the description of natural or man-made phenomena such as their
form, structure, activity, change over time, relation to other
phenomena, and so on. The description often illuminates
knowledge that we might not otherwise notice or even
encounter. Several important scientific discoveries as well as
anthropological information about events outside of our common
experiences have resulted from making such descriptions. For
example, astronomers use their telescopes to develop
descriptions of different parts of the universe, anthropologists
describe life events of socially atypical situations or cultures
uniquely different from our own, and educational researchers
describe activities within classrooms concerning the
implementation of technology. This process sometimes results in
the discovery of stars and stellar events, new knowledge about
value systems or practices of other cultures, or even the reality
of classroom life as new technologies are implemented within
schools.

Qualitative

Qualitative research is a type of scientific research. In general

terms, scientific research consists of an investigation that:
• Seeks answers to a question
• Systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to
answer the question
• Collects evidence
• Produces findings that were not determined in advance
• Produces findings that are applicable beyond the
immediate boundaries of the study
Qualitative research shares these characteristics. Additionally, it
seeks to understand a given research problem or topic from the
perspectives of the local population it involves. Qualitative
research is especially effective in obtaining culturally specific
information about the values, opinions, behaviors, and social
contexts of particular populations.
 CHAPTER II
Discussion
Chapter I: Introduction
Background of the study
It is a way to remain us that there are still so many people
who need to communicate but they cannot do it using oral
language like us.
Statement of the problems
1. What are the kinds of sign language used by Jonah in And
Your Name is Jonah movie?
2. How is sign language acquired by Jonah in And Your Name
is Jonah movie?
Objectives of the study
1. The kinds of sign language used by Jonah in And Your
Name is Jonah movie
2. The sign language processes which occur in And Your
Name is Jonah and do analyze the way Jonah as deaf child
in the movie acquired his language
Significance of the study
Giving theoretical contribution and practical contribution.
• Theoretical : This study is expected to be a beneficial
reference for those who are going to study the similar field
since this study analyzed about sign language acquisition
in details using an appropriate movie which can represent
a real condition of deaf children in acquiring sign language.
• Practical : The students who study in university were
expected to be able to use sign language or at least
understand how to use it so if one day they find someone
who has laxity they still can communicate with them.
Scope and limitation
This study focuses on the process of sign language
acquisition in And your name is jonah movie by using chomsky’s
language acquisition theory. Written sign language which is part
of sign language does not involved in this study since the written
sign language is rarely used by deaf children.
Operational definition of the key terms
Some key term that important to be understood:
Sign language: Sign language is a language, which uses manual
communication combining hand shapes, orientation, and
movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expression to
express gracefully a speaker’s thought.
Jonah: Jonah (Jeffrey bravin) is a lonely deaf child who has been
misdiagnosed as retarded. He tries hardly to communicate with
other by using sign language.
And Your Name is Jonah: is one of the best movie about deaf
child which got some awards such as academy award in 1987,
Golden Globe in 1987, etc.

Chapter II: Review of the related literature

Language acquisition theory
Nativist theory
Non nativist theory
Sign language
List of sign language
The acquisition of American sign language ASL
Typical acquisition of sign language in deaf children
Types of sign language
Sign language development
Independent sign language
Deafness and hearing impirements
Deafness impirements
Language in exceptional circumstances
Deaf in language
The synopsis of “and your name is jonah” movie
Previous study
From the International journal and some students research
before.

Chapter III: Research method

Research design
Descriptive qualitative approach: Describtive because this
study describes sign language used in the data which are taken
from the movie of “and your name is Jonah”. Descriptive
research is design to obtain information concerning the current
status phenomena of sign language acquisition by jonah (as a def
child) in And your name is Jonah movie. Qualitative because it
tries to look for the kind of sign language used by jonah a deaf
character in “and your name is jonah movie and to look at how
jonah acquires his sign languge.
Subject of the study
The movie about the deaf child
Data sources
The sign language description of the script in the movie
and your name is Jonah.
Research instrument
In qualitative study, the human investigation is the primary
instrument for gathering and analyzing the data. It will be more
effective and efficient for the researcher to get the data. So, in
this study, the researcher herself is as the research instrument.
Data collection
The researcher uses a document that is one of techniques
in data collection types.
1. Watching movie for many times in order to understand
what kind of sign language used.
2. Transcribing the sign language used in the movie to get the
collect data.
 3. Arranging the collect data to be analyzed.
Data analysis
Technical analysis used by researcher is descriptive
qualitative:
1. Watching the movie
2. Reading the sign language description on the script
3. Identifiying the collect data to get the type of sign
language used
4. Classifiying the sign language which is included as
American sign Language.
5. All kinds of sign language used are described and
explained
6. The data is presented descriptively to draw conclusion.
Triangulation
This study uses triangulation to support the validity of the
data. There are four category of triangulation, there are:
1. Data source triangulation
2. Investigator triangulation
3. Theoretical triangulation
4. Methodological triangulation.
This study uses two types of it, data source triangulation
and investigator triangulation, comparing the subtitle of the
movie with the dialogue in that movie.
Chapter IV: Finding and discussion
Research finding
This part explain the finding of the data which are
analyzed. In the research finding, the researcher describes and
identifies the sign languages which are taken from jonah’s sign
language description in the film. The dat are devided into some
cases according to the scene of the movie.
Analysis
Discussion
 Answering the research problem
Types of sign language used by Jonah
The ways Jonah acquires his language

Chapter V: Conclusion and Suggestion

Conclusion
The difficulties in research.
Some good theory that found
Relating the research with Al-quran
Research’s contributions.
Suggestion
Some suggestions for the next researcher who conducted
same research.

Bibliography
Daftar pustaka. It can be from internet and some
references such as grand theory sources.

Appendix
The Script of the film

Curriculum vitae
Information about the researcher:
1. Educational background
2. Achievements
3. Experiences
CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION