INCUBATION TRANSMISSION

DISEASE BACTERIA SYMPTOMS TREATMENT OTHER

PERIOD MODE
Gram Negative
Chancroid – Erthromycin, Ceftin –
Bacillus Painful skin lesions in
genital ulcer 4-7 days Sexually Control by
(Haemophilus genital area
disease condoms/abstinence
Ducrey)
Mild pharyngitis,
Human to human
Chlamydial Chlamydia bronchitis, sinusitis, Tetracycline and Identification by
by respiratory
pneumonia pneumoniae fever, prod, cough, Erythromycin microimmunofluorescence test
secretions
hoarseness
Cat scratch or bite on
Gram negative skin surface with
Cat scratch Bacillus subsequent swelling Self limiting, treatment
Cat to human
disease Bartonella of lymph nodes that with antibiotics if needed
henselae drain at site, fever,
and malaise
Gram neg to
Bacterial
Gram Variable Copious frothy, fishy-
Vaginosis Microscopic observation of
Mobiluncus spp., smelling discharge Sexually Flagyl, MetroGel
Gardnerella clue cells in the discharge
Mycoplasma without pain or itching
Vaginalis
hominis
C. anthrax ulcerated
ANTHRAX AKA “Woolster’s skin papule (escar)
Infected animals
3 types disease” HA, temp, nausea Vaccination of animals
(sheep, goats, PCN G, plus streptomycin,
Cutaneous, Incubation for c. Bacillus anthrecis P. anthrax sx Major threat for
anthrax is 1-15 cattle) to humans or Cipro
Pulmonary, and resemble flu and G.I. BIOTERRORISM
days by direct contact
Gastrointestnal anthrax results from
all w/NV/Diarr/Pain
Wound infections
Gram positive secondary to AB, Surgical debridement,
spore forming MVA, frostbite, Part of normal admin. Polyvalaent Last resort is Amputation –
Gas Gangrene
rods Clostridium military combat human bowel flora antitoxin, and Gas fumes (mainly
Clostridial
perfringens, C. Severe pain, edema and located in antimicrobial therapy Nitrogen) are secondary to
Myonecrosis
navyi, and C. drainage, muscle spores of soil w/PCN & Tetracyclin, CHO fermentation
Septicum necrosis, and GAS Hyperbaric O2
fumes

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 DISEASE INCUBATION BACTERIA SYMPTOMS TRANSMISSION TREATMENT OTHER
PERIOD MODE
PCN G+
Male: Urethral Sexual transmission probenecid,
Neisseria discharge-yellow, of mucous membrane Ampicillian+
Males 2-8 There are PCN resistant strains.
gonorrhoeae creamy pus, freq. to GU tract, eye, probencid, Floxin+
days Once GC in body, attach to
Gonorrhea Gram Neg, urination/burning rectum, & throat; doxicycline – 7
Women 7-21 microvill of mucos at cells/pili and
oxidase Pos, Female: mild vag. Dc, Childbirth from mother days,
days protein II. Acts as Adhesin
diplococcus P.I.D. causing sterility & causes Conjunctivites Spectinomycin, NB
ectopic preg. in NB gets TCN, Eryth,
povi./iodine ung
Copious mucus
Tetracycline, Eryc,
discharge from eye, Infected birth canal of Genital Chlamydial inf. & incl.
or sulfa drug with
Inclusion 7-12 days C. trachomatis inflamed & swollen NB. In adults, contact conjunctivits are sexually
treatment. W/O
Conjunctivitus after birth serotype conjunctive, lg. inclusion with infected genital transmitted by indiscriminate
spontaneiously over
bodies in host cell tract discharge contact with multiple partners
sev weeks/months
cytoplasm
Nine banded
Affects Schwann cell,
Armadillo is the
periph. Nerves slow Antibiotic therapy
Leprosy animal reservoir in
Mycobacerium progr. Solitary skin long term including Biopsy and acid-fast staining only
Hansen’s 3-5 years USA-prolonged
leprae eruption Tuberculoid Rifampin, sulfone, & diagnostic test
Disease exposure to infected
nodule has no sensation protionamide
individuals nasal
causes deformity
secretions
On labia/penis-heals
quick, no scar 2nd Admin. Of
phase-2-6 wks after tetracycline,
Lymphogranul Several days Chlamydia Sexually transmitted Strictures/abscesses/fistualas
exp. Reg. doxycycline, Eryc.,
oma Venerum to several trachomatis more common in may occur & an untreatable fluid
lymphadenopathy- or Keflex in early
LGV weeks serotype L1-L3 tropical climates acc. In penis, scrotum, or vagina
tender “buboes” & fever stages, late stages
chills, & anorexia; 3rd involve surgery
fistula
Upper and lower
respiratory sx. Common Disease & symptoms for wks.
Mycoplasmal Mycoplasma Close contact of Tetracyclines or
in children-mild sx. Mortality <1%
Pneumonia pneumoniae airborne droplets Erythromycin
Adults-serious w/HA “fried egg appearance”
lethargy, fever, cough

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 DISEASE INCUBATION BACTERIA SYMPTOMS TRANSMISSION MODE TREATMENT OTHER
PERIOD
C. trachomatis,
Male: urethral
Ureaplamsa
discharge, itching, &
urealyticum, M. Sexually transmitted but can Tetracycline,
inflammation of rerpod.
Nongonococca hominis, be caused by nonmicrobiol Coxycycline,
Structure.
I Urethritis NGU Trichomonas factors…catheters, drugs, & Erythromycin, or
Female: asymptomatic
vaginalis, Candida infectious microbes Sulfa drugs
to severe P.I.D.
albicans, HSV
causing sterility
(herpes)
50% pop. Infected-
Urease activity by
Peptic Ulcer
Inflammation of Food, water, person to Pepto, Antibiotic, & urea hydrolysis to
Disease & Helicobacter pylori
stomach person Prevacid produce ammonia
Gastritis
in an alkaline
environment
Inflammation, Tetracycline
Psittacosis Poultry industry-
Chlamydia psittaci hemorrhage, Birds to humans Lab test w/blood or
(Ornithosis) occ. Hazard
Pneumonia sputum
Synapses in spinal cord
Hospital environment,
motor nerves, cramp, Tetanus
soil/dust, feces of many
Gram + spore twist, and tension of immunization,
farm animals and humans. Majority of cases
Tetanus Lockjaw former Clostridium skeletal muscles, board good wound care,
Ass. With skin wounds & today are IV users
tatani like rigidity painful prophylactic use of
low O2 level >endospore
convulstions & back antitoxin, and PCN
germinat.
bowing
Females who use
Hypotension, fever, PCN, Vancomycin, Cleanliness,
superabsorbent tampons
Toxic shock Staphyloccus diarrhea, extensive skin Oxacillin, hygene, & aseptic
S. aureus during menstruation or
syndrome disease rash, skin shedding. Rifampin, Ceftin, management of
others in surgical wound
Low blood pressure Keflex lesions
sites
1st stage–chancre
Venereal-10 days (painless) Prevention depends
Syphilis to 3 weeks from 2nd stage-skin rash, hair on public ed. Sexual
Treponema pallidum PCN G. Procaine
Congenital & minor break skin. loss, malise, fever Sexually transmitted hygene, condoms,
T. pallidum PCN
Venereal Congenital in 3rd stage-Gummas form and prompt
utero in skin, bone, CNS, treatment
shuffle walk

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 DISEASE INCUBATION BACTERIA SYMPTOMS TRANSMISSION TREATMENT OTHER
PERIOD MODE
Normal Staphylococcus Pyogenic (pus PCN, Rifampin,
Coagulase +produce yellow
inhabitant of aureus S. epidemis forming) boils, Oxacillin,
carotenoid pigment “golden
Staphylococci upper resp. invasive gram + folliculitis, impetigo, Vnacomycin,
Hand contact staph”. Coagulase
infection tract, skin, cocci singly, pairs, carbuncles, from Cephalosporin,
-<invasive opportunistic
intestine, & tetrads, and exotoxins, and many other
pathogens SLIME producer
vagina clusters enterotoxins antibiotics
Contact with inanimate
Inflamed conjunctiva, Tetracycline, Eryc.,
Chlamydia objects, hand to hand,
inflammatory cell PCN, good Single greatest cause of
Trachoma trachomatis hand to eye, or by flies,
exudae, necrotic personal hygene, blindness
serotypes A-C and birth (mother to
eyelash follicles and clean water
child)
Animal resivoirs,
Primary ulcerative anthropods to humans
Streptomycin,
Francisella lesions at infection from bites, direct
tetracycline, or
Tularemia 2-10 days tularensis gram – site, contact with rabbits,
aminoglycoside
bacterium lymphadenopathy, inhalation of bacteria or
antibiotics
high fever contaminated
food/water
Sexually contacted
Gonorrhea, syphilis,
Sexually mostly but IV drug
genital herpes, Antibiotic therapy
transmitted users, contaminated Highest in ages 15-30 years
Varies Numerous chlamydial infections, abstinence,
diseases blood transfusions and of age
trichomoniasis, condoms
“STDs” infected mother to
Hepatitis B, & AIDS
newborn

Clostridium Supportive care, Most common source-home

botulinum gram + Blurred vision, polyvalent canned food not heated
18-24 hours of Incorrect preparation of
Botulism obligetely anaerobic dyphagia dysphasia, antitoxin. Do not sufficient/undercooked food
toxin ingestion food taken in by human
endospore forming weakness, N&V give infants honey produces neurotoxin that
rod that are <1 yr. old bind motor neuron synapses

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 DISEASE INCUBATION BACTERIA SYMPTOMS TRANSMISSION TREATMENT OTHER
PERIOD MODE
Diarrhea, high fever, Self limiting disease…
Transmitted to humans
Campylobacter severe inflammation supportive treatment
by contaminated food,
Gastroenteritis 2-10 days jejuni gram – of intestine along including fluids, electrolyte
water, infected animals,
curved rod with ulceration & replacement, and
& oral/anal sex
bloody stools Erythromycin
Ingestion of food or
Massive water contaminated by
Oral rehydration therapy
4 hrs. to 5 fluid/electrolyte loss, fecal material from Proper sanitation is a
Vibrio cholerae with NaCL + glucose,
Cholera days (usually abd. cramps, patients or carriers must without treatment,
Vibrionaceae Tetracycline, sulfa, or
1-3 days) vomiting, fever, (also Shellfish & mortality 50%
Cipro antibiotics
watery diarrhea Cooepods are nat.
reservoirs)
Food borne Generally occurs in
Listeria
transmission pregnancy or
monocytogenes Meningitis, sepsis, & IV admin. of ampicillin or
Listeriosis contaminated mild, soft immunosuppression
gram + rod L. stillbirth PCN
cheeses, veg., and caused by illness or
monocytofenses
meats medication
S. serovar Abdominal pain, Contamination of foods Prevention is good food
Salmonellosis typhimurium gram-, cramps, N&V, such as beef products, Fluid & Electrolyte processing, proper
8-48 hours
gastroenteritis motile, non-spore diarrhea, persistent poultry, eggs, egg replacement refrigeration, & adq.
forming rod fever 2-5 days products, & water cooking
Endo and exotoxins
Fluid and electrolyte
in colon epithelium
replacement, antibiotics in
causes water, Human hosts fecal-oral Most prevalent in
Shigella sonnei some cases; left untreated,
Shigellosis 1-3 days bloody, mucus, & route primarily by food, children ages 1-4 years
S. Flexneri kidney failure results
pus in stools. Colon fingers, feces, & flies old and day cares.
needing Sulfa drugs &
can become
Quinalones
ulcerated
Staphylococca Severe abdominal Properly store, cook,
1-8 hours and S. aureus gram+ Fluid & electrolyte
1 food pain, cramps, N&V, Humans and refrigerate meats,
lasts <24 hrs. coccus replacement
poisoning diarrhea mayo, sauces, etc.
E. coli and other
viruses, bacteria, or
Traveler’s Diarrhea and Contaminated foods Fluid & electro plus
protozoe absent
diarrhea dehydration and water doxycycline & sulfa drugs
from “traveler’s
environment”

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DISEASE INCUBATION BACTERIA SYMPTOMS TRANSMISSION MODE TREATMENT OTHER
PERIOD
Bacteria can cont.
Ceftin, Sulfa druge, or to crow in gall
Typhoid
Ingestion of food or water ampicillin & bladder, intestine,
Fever Fever, HA, abdominal
10-14 days Salmonella typhi contaminated by feces of purification of drinking and bile duct
Typhoid pain, anorexia, malaise
infected humans/animal water, milk permanent
Mary
pasteurization immunity after
recovery
Temp >38oC or <36OC,
HR .90bpm, resp. rate Microbe invades blood
Spp, Enterobacter Antibiotics, flue
Sepsis Systemic response >20 breaths/min. PCO2 stream after invasion @
spp, Pseudomonas replacement
<32mm, WBC >12,000 or local site
<4,000
Organism prod. Exotoxin, Electrolyte
Most common
gram + bacteria, products incl. structural replacement, blood
Can happen quickly Severe hypotension cause of death in
Septic fungi endotoxin components (endotoxin, pressure & heat
after sepsis goes despite adq. fluid ICUs and 13th in
shock containing gram – teichoic acid) & exotoxin stimulators to prevent
untreated replacement most common
bacterium releasing endogenous resp./cardiac distress
deaths in USA
mediators & DIC
Streptococcus
Regular visits to
gordonii
Thin film on surface Thin film on surface of dentist for cleaning,
S. oralis & S. mitis
Dental of teeth w/bacteria teeth plaque consists of brushing teeth after Avoid problems by
S. mutans, S. Oral
plaque embedded in matrix bacteria & meals, avoiding too good oral hygene
obrinus
or polysaccharides polysaccharides much sugar, mouth
A. viscosurs, A.
wash
naeslundii
Demineralization-
Dental S. gordonii remineralization cycle Good oral hygene as
decay Months S. oralis occurs & demineralization Oral above, removal & Same
caries S. mitis is greater causing repair of decay
rottenness of tooth
Red, inflamed gums, loss Good oral hygene as
of teeth & jaw bones & above by brushing,
Porphyromonas
Periodontal Months to years w/o formation of periodontal flossing, mouth
gingivalis Oral Same
disease proper dental hygene pockets leading to washes, sometimes
P. gingivalis
abscess & bone oral surgery of gums
destruction & antibiotics

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 DISEASE INCUBATION BACTERIA SYMPTOMS TRANSMISSION TREATMENT OTHER
PERIOD MODE
Grayish pseudomembrane Diphtheria antitoxin is
on resp. mucosa (eshar) Airborne transmission given to neutralize
Gram +
has leathery appearance. by way of any unabsorbed
Diphtheria 1-7 days Corynebacterium DPT immunization
May cause circulation, nasopharyngeal exotoxin PCN &
diphteriae
myocardial, & periph nerve secretions Erythromycin treat
damage infection
Microbes in soil &
Outbreak of Fastidious aerobic High fever, nonproductive Supportive measures,
aquatic ecosystems, Chlorination, heating
Leionnaire’s pneumonia gram –rod cough, HA, neurological administration of
large #s in AIR water, keeping
disease occurred Legionella spp. manifestations, severe Erythromycin &
conditioning systems areas clean & dry
Philadelphia, PN L. pneumophila bronchopneumonia Rifampin
& shower stalls
Abrupt onset of fever, HA, Spontaneous
Resolves Airborne transmission
dizziness, myalgia. resolution
Pontiac fever spontaneously L. pneumophila Defective air Same as above
Pneumonia does NOT Supportive
in 2-5 days conditioner
occur. measurements
Specific antibiotics
Respiratory-airborne
Hemophilus after culture &
bacteria colonize Accurate ID of
Bacterial Inflammation of influenzae, Neisseria URI, sore throat, N&V, sensitivity received
nasopharynx after microbe essential
meningitis brain or spinal meningiticis, lethargy, confusion, (PCN, Ceclor, Keflex,
cross mucosal barrier for proper treatment
septic cord meninges Streptococcus stiffness of neck & back Ceftin, Oflaxin) &
& into bloodstream & HIB immunization
pneumoniae Refampin for
CSF
prophyaxis
Entervoviruses
(echovirus &
Aseptic
AKA viral coxsackievirus, Same sx as above except Difficult to treat &
meningitis Airborne
meningitis spirochetes, negative culture prognosis is poor
syndrome
protozoa, fungi,
mycobacteria
No currently approved
AIDS patients at
FDA drug, but
Airborne, found greatest risk. MAC
Mycobacterium regimen incl.
Mycobacterium Sx similar to that of tbc. worldwide & infect can be isolated from
avium AKA M. avium Azithromycin or
avium fever, malaise, weight loss, various insects, birds, sputum, blood, bone
M. intracellulare complex MAC Ciathromycin or
M. avium night sweats, & diarrhea & animals. Resp. & GI marrow aspiration.
pneumonia ethambutol with
entry portals for MAC Acid-fast stains
Cirpo, Rifampin, or
diagnostic
Ceclor

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 DISEASE INCUBATION BACTERIA SYMPTOMS TRANSMISSION MODE TREATMENT OTHER
PERIOD
3 stages: Catarrhal- Culture of bacterium
Airborne; inhalation of
mucous membrane fluorescent antibody
Gram –bacterium bacterium in droplets Immunizations DPT
Pertussis Highly contagious inflame. (cold sx), staining from
Bordetella released from infectious whooping type
“Whooping 95% world pop. Paroxysmal-Prolonged nasopharynx swab.
pertussis person. After attachment cough lasts for
Cough” exper. mild-severe coughing sieges 5-15 Meds: Erythromycin,
B. pertussis bacteria synthesize sev. months
rapid coughs several Tetracycline, or
toxins
months. Final Ceclor
Diff. serotypes prod. Heterogenous
No vaccine
Extracellular gram +bacterium Airborne: pathogen
available except for
Streptococcal enzymes, Streptococcus Sore throat & Scarlet spread thru resp.
PCN or Erythromycin streptococcal
diseases streptokinases, cytol- pyogenes (group fever droplets, direct or indirect
pneumonia in the
sine host capsules a-B hemolytic contact “Highly Virulent”
pneumovax
retard phagocytosis streptococci)
Redness (erythema) &
Diffuse spreading Most freq. dx is
acc. Of fluid (edema) Airborne most commonly
infect. Of Impetigo (also can
Cellulits S. pyogenes crusty lesions & seen in children on their PCN or Erythromycin
subcutaneous skin be caused by Staph
vesicles surrounded by faces: Impetigo
tissue aureus)
red border
Acute infect. & Hx. Of red, sore throat
inflammation of painful reddish Airborne, may recur
Erysipelas dermal layer of skin S. pyogenes patches that enlarge & periodically @ same body Erythromycin & PCN
primarily in infants & thicken w/sharp site for years
adult >30 y/o defined edges
Necrotizing fasciitis
Airborne depends on the Virulent stre A
that destroys the PCN G, surgical
Invasive presence of specific infection killed Jim
sheath covering removal of dead or
Streptococcus S. pyogenes virulent strain & predis- Henson called the
skeletal muscles or dying tissue
A Infection posing host factors (surg. “FLESH eating
myositis “galloping (necrotizing fascitis)
Wounds, diabetes, etc.) invasive disease”
gangrene”
Preventive measures
Precipitous drop in (hand washing, food
Toxic Shock-
S. pyrogenes blood pressure, failure Airborne less contagious covering, cleansing &
like Syndrome 30% mortality rate
invasive of multiple organs, than cold or flu viruses medicating wounds,
TSLS
very high fever antibiotic therapy as
needed

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 DISEASE INCUBATION BACTERIA SYMPTOMS TRANSMISSION MODE TREATMENT OTHER
PERIOD
1-4 wks. After
Edema, fever, 80-90% undergo
Glomeruloraphritis acute
S. pyrogenes hypertension, Airborne PCN G or erythromycin spontaneous healing
Bright’s Disease streptococcal
hematuria of damaged glomeruli.
infection
Autoimmune disease
characterized by Rate by most common
Results from
inflammatory lesions in Salicylates & cause of permanent
Rheumatic Fever prior strep throat S. pyrogenes Airborne
heart valves, joints, corticosteroids heart valve damage in
infection
subcutaneous tissue, children
& CNS
Diffuse rash appearing
on upper chest and Rash represents the
Airborne
Scarlet Fever then spreading, sore skin’s generalized
2 days S. pyrogenes Inhalation of resp. PCN
Scarlatina throat, chills, fever, reaction to circulating
droplets
HA, & STRAWBERRY toxin.
TONGUE
Pharyngitis or
b-hemolytic Airborne from droplets of
Streptococcal tonsillitis, exudates on PCN G or Erythromycin
2-4 days group A saliva or nasal
Sore Throat tonsils, malaise, fever, for PCN allergic people
streptococci secretions
HA
Endogenous 60-80% of all
infection- PCN G, Ceftin, pneumonia’s are
Rust colored, bloody
contract 1’s own Gram Ofoxacin, Ceclor, or caused by
Streptococcal sputum, chills, hard Airborne human resp.
normal microbes +Streptococcus Eryc, Tetracycline for streptococcus. Only
Pneumonia labored breathing, droplets
Polysacc har-ide pneumoniae PCN allergy, CXR, pneumonia vaccine
chest pain
cap-hyaluronic C&S available is Pneumovx
acid for this type only.
Airborne humans thru Chemotherapy &
MDR-TB (multi-drug
Bacteria phagocytizes droplets, nuclei & Chemoprophylae
resistant straing of
4-12 weeks forming tubercles in respiratory route – w/INH +Rifampin,
Mycobacterium TBC) have developed
Tuberculosis developing very lungs, fever, fatigue, closes ass. Exists ethambutol, &
tuberculosis & spreading resistant
slowly weight loss, cough, w/AIDS & tbc. TBC pyranzinamide
to reg. drug protocol.
bloody sputum infect high in AIDS simultaneously 1-2
Robt. Koch ID bacteria
patients. years

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DISEASE INCUBATION BACTERIA SYMPTOMS TRANSMISSION MODE TREATMENT OTHER
PERIOD
Ring shaped, skin
lesion w/red outer Amoxicillin or
Lyme border & center part Tetracycline in early
7-10 days following Borrelia Anthropod common tick-
Disease clear, malaise, fatigue, stages; Triaxone in later
tick bite burgdorferi borne zoonosis
Borreliosis HA, fever, chills stages to cross blood
2nd stage neur. Abn., brain barrier
heart infl., & arthritis
Blackish areas on skin Anthropod-transmitted
Gram – caused by primarily in wild rodents
Streptomycin,
Bubonic bacterium subcutaneous (ground squirrels & prairie
AKA Black Death Chloramphericol or
Plague Yersinia hemorrhages, fever, dogs) to humans from flea
Tetracycline
pestis enlarged lymph nodes bites/their products or
“buboes” airborne drops
Infectious respiratory droplets
12-24 hours
Subcutaneous from a person or cat
Pneumonic 100% mortality rate
Y pestis hemorrhages, fever, w/plague. Great care taken
Plague if disease not
enlarged lymph nodes to prevent spread of airborne
recognized
infections to personnel
Avoid tick infested
Characteristic
Originated in Rock Anthropod dog tick & wood habitats & animals.
Vasculitis, sudden
Rocky Mt. Mountain area – tick. No human/mammal Without treatment,
Rickettsia onset HA, high fever, Antibiotic therapy
Spotted most cases occurs reservoir needed for bacteria can destroy
rickettsII chills, skin rash on (Ceclor & Tetracycline)
Fever east of Mississippi propagation of rickttsia in the blood vessels in
ankles/wrists & then
River environment heart, lungs, kidney, &
trunk area
death.

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