RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIET NAM:Opportunities for improving gender equality
A policy discussion paper
HA NOI, DECEMBER 2009
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Preface
The challenge of climate change has come to the development agenda withconsiderable force in recent years, and responding to this challenge has become apriority of many national governments and international development agencies.Viet Nam is one of the countries particularly affected by climate change. As a result,Government has formulated policy and development partners, civil society andindividual households have already started to adapt their work and way of life to thechallenges and opportunities posed by a changing climate.The United Nations and Oxfam believe that lessons about good developmentpractice must be applied to policies and actions that are currently being formulatedand implemented to support adaptation to climate change impacts as well asmitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.This discussion paper shows how addressing gender inequality will significantlyimprove the effectiveness of climate change policies and strategies at all levels ofGovernment and civil society. In fact, failing to address social development as part ofthe response to climate change is likely to increase social and economic inequalitybetween men and women and among other sectors of society.The UN and Oxfam both contributed to this paper, and we jointly present it toVietnamese and international policy makers and development practitioners.We hope that this paper will support policy dialogues, as well as programming in VietNam, in order to turn climate change actions into opportunities for the empowermentof women and the enhancement of gender equality.Bruce Campbell Suzette Mitchell Mark BlackettCo-Chairs, UN-Viet NamProgramme Coordination Group on GenderFor Oxfam in Viet Nam
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Acknowledgements
Many people are responsible for this discussion paper and as such it is the fruit ofcollaborative efforts between different UN staff, Oxfam staff, and advisors.Koos Neefjes led on the TOR, managed the process, wrote small parts and editedall. Ingrid Fitzgerald was also key to formulating the TOR and research focus,summarised agreements in stakeholder meetings skilfully, wrote the summary, andcommented on different parts of the text. Vu Minh Hai is the main author of the fieldresearch report which has been used extensively in this discussion paper (chapter 4,5), and she provided inputs to and comments on all other parts of the text.Substantive inputs from the conceptualisation stage onwards were received fromTran Van Anh who was the lead author of the Desk Review, a key input to thepresent discussion paper. Valerie Nelson provided the core of the analyticalframework (chapter 2) and used various texts to write chapters 4, 5 and 6. IreneDankelman wrote chapter 3, provided major inputs to chapters 2 and 6, andcommented on the whole text several times.Other colleagues and contracted advisors participated in the field research in QuangTri and Ha Tay/ Hanoi and commented on both the field research report and thispolicy discussion paper at different stages, including Bui Viet Hien, Julie Theroux-Seguin, Nguyen Nhu Hue, Vu Phuong
Ly, Nguyen Thanh Ha, Pham Thanh Hoai,Nguyen Thi Hoang Yen and Pham Thi Tan. They made many substantial commentson all parts of this policy discussion paper from the conception stage onwards.Colleagues in different UN organisations and Oxfams in Viet Nam and also abroadcommented on the TOR and on this policy discussion paper at different stages, and / or provided background materials, including Le Kim Dung, Le Minh, Pham GiangLinh, Ines Smyth, Kathy Selvaggio, Suzette Mitchell, and Tracey Raczek.Many people attended the three stakeholder meetings to discuss the methodology,the initial findings from field work, and the recommendations, which happenedthrough 2009. They included members of the National Assembly, governmentofficials, staff of mass organisations and national NGOs, senior diplomats and donorstaff, as well as staff from international NGOs, as well as UN and Oxfamrepresentatives and staff. Their contributions were important for focusing andadjusting the research and writing.In the two provinces, and the districts, communes, villages and households where weorganised focus group discussions and did interviews we engaged with hundreds ofwomen and men, girls and boys, as well as with male and female officials at all theselevels. Their names are too many to mention here but most are listed in the fieldresearch report. We are very grateful for their contributions, without which this papercould not have been written.
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4.2 Gender and power dynamics for Responding to Climate Change in Vietnam: Opportunities for improving gender equality
This discussion paper sets out to analyse the relationship between gender and climate change in Viet Nam, and to recommend appropriate policy actions that will both address climate change and promote gender equality. It represents a…
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