Professional Documents
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OF BLOOD
AN INTRODUCTION AND
OVERVIEW
By
Dr.M.ANTHONY DAVID, MD.
BLOOD CELLS
V1 = VOLUME
C1 = CONCENTRATION
V2 = VOLUME
OF DYE
C2 = CONC. OF DYE
V1 X C 1 = V 2 X C 2
OR
V2 = V1 X C 1 = Amount of Dye injected
C2 Conc. Of the dye in the Plasma
NOMAD:2005: BP: INTROVERVIEW 14
HEMATOCRIT (PCV)
The volume of erythrocytes
in the whole blood expressed
in percentage is the
Hematocrit.
This is also called as Packed
WEIGHT EMOTIONS
BODY
Weight.
4. BODY SURFACE AREA:
2.8 Lts/Square Meters of BSA
Cardiogenic
Neurogenic
Psychogenic.
3. HEMOLYSIS:
Mismatched
transfusion
Snake bite
Black water
fever
Hemorrhagic
Plagues/Dengue
Measles
NOMAD:2005: BP: INTROVERVIEW 25
HYPOVOLEMIA: CAUSES
(contd)
4. DEHYDRATION:
Diarrhoea
Cholera
Gastroenteritis
Burns
Hyperemesis.
5. ANEMIA:
Decreased RBC volume
Plasma may increase.
6. OBESITY:
Blood volume per body weight decreases
though Blood volume per BSA may be
normal.
7. HYPOTHYROIDISM (MYXEDEMA):
Decrease in Blood volume.
8. ACUTE COLD: Decreases blood
volume. NOMAD:2005: BP: INTROVERVIEW 27
TREATMENT FOR BLOOD
LOSS
TRANSFUSION OF WHOLE
BLOOD OF THE SAME
BLOOD GROUP & TYPE.
INFUSION OF PLASMA
INFUSION OF DEXTRAN OR
NORMAL SALINE.
BASOPHILIC
ERYTHROBLAST
POLYCHROMAT OPHILIC
ERYTHROBL AST
ORTHOCHROMATIC
ERYTHROBLAST
RETICULOCYTE
MATURE ERYTHROCYTES
NOMAD:2005: BP: INTROVERVIEW 36
FACTORS REGULATING
ERYTHROPOIESIS
SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT REGULATOR:
“TISSUE OXYGENATION”
BURST PROMOTING ACTIVITY
ERYTHROPOIETIN
IRON
VITAMINS:
Vitamin B12
Folic Acid
MISCELLANEOUS
NOMAD:2005: BP: INTROVERVIEW 37
ERYTHROPOIETIN
A hormone p ro duced by the Ki dn ey.
Now adays a vailabl e a s Syn thet ic
Epo ie ti
Incre as es the n umbe r of :
Nucl eate d p recur so rs i n t he m ar ro w.
Ret icul ocyte s & Matur e Er yth rocyte s i n
the blood .