kf7\of+z zLif{s M ;fdflhs efifflj1fg / dgf]efifflj1fg k"0ff{ª\s M %)

kf7\of+z ;+Vof M g]kf=lz %@@ pQL0ff{ª\s M @)

kf7\of+z k|s[lt M ;}4flGts k|ltxKtf kf73G6L
M#
tx M Pd=P8= k|ltkf73G6L M %% ld=
jif{ M bf];|f] hDdf kf73G6L M &%

!= kf7of+z kl/ro
k|:t't kf7\of+z lzIffzf:q ;ª\sfo{tkm{sf] :gftsf]Q/ -Pd=P8=_ tx låtLo jif{df
g]kfnL ljifo lnO{ ljlzi6Ls/0f ug{] ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . o;
kf7\of+zaf6 ;fdflhs efifflj1fg / dgf]efifflj1fgsf k|d'v kIfsf] ;}4flGts 1fg k|bfg ug{]
ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . tbg';f/ o;nfO{ v08 …sÚ / v08 …vÚ u/L b'O{ efudf juL{s/0f
ul/Psf] 5 . v08 …sÚ cGtu{t ;fdflhs efifflj1fgl;t ;Da4 kf7\oj:t'x¿ tyf v08 …vÚ
cGtu{t dgf]efifflj1fgl;t ;Da4 kf7\oj:t'x¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
@= ;fwf/0f p2]Zo
o; kf7\of+zsf ;fwf/0f p2]Zox¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
 ;fdflhs efifflj1fgsf af/]df hfgsf/L k|bfg ug{],
 ljljw eflifs e]bsf] juL{s/0f ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{],
 efiff gLlt / of]hgf ljifos ljljw kIfsf] aofg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{],
 g]kfnsf] eflifs l:yltsf ;DaGwdf lj:t[t hfgsf/L k|bfg ug{],
 ;fdflhs efifflj1fg / efiff lzIf0faLrsf] ;DaGw :ki6 kfg{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{],
 dgf]efifflj1fgsf] cjwf/0ff :ki6 kfg{ ;Sg] 1fg / ;Lksf] ljsf; ug{],
 afn efiff ljsf;sf l;4fGtsf ;fk]Iftfdf rD:sL / lkofh]sf l;4fGtx¿sf] pkof]u ug{ ;Sg]
t'Nofpg],
 efiff ljsf;sf r/0f / kIfx¿sf] kl/ro lbO{ efiff cfh{gsf k|fSsNkgfx¿sf] j0f{g ug{ ;Ifd
agfpg],
 efiffl;sfOsf k|d'v l;4fGtx¿sf af/]df :ki6 wf/0ff agfpg ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{] .
#= ljlzi6 p2]Zo tyf kf7\oljifo
v08 -s_ M ;fdflhs efifflj1fg
ljlzi6 p2]Zo kf7\oljifo
 ;fdfGo efifflj1fg / ;fdflhs PsfO Ps M ;fdflhs efifflj1fg -*_
efifflj1fgsf] cjwf/0ff :ki6 kfg{, !=! ;fdfGo efifflj1fg / ;fdflhs efiff lj1fgsf] kl/ro
 eflifs ;d'bfo ;DaGwdf kl/lrt u/fpg, !=@ eflifs ;d'bfosf] kl/ro
 ;fdflhs ;Dks{sf ¿kdf efiffsf] e"ldsf !=# efiff / ;fdflhs ;Dks{
pNn]v ug{, !=$ ;flk/ xf]k{msf] cg'sNkgfsf cfwf/df eflifs
 ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts / ef}uf]lns ;fk]Iftf
;Gbe{df eflifs ;fk]Iftf k'li6 ug{, !=% ;dfhsf] k|s[lt / efiffdf To;sf] k|efj
 ;dfhsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ efiffdf x'g] k|efj !=^ eflifs cjnDag, :jLs/0f / ckIfo

237
 ljlzi6 p2]Zo kf7\oljifo
b;f{pg, !=& efiff ;j{]If0f k4lt
 eflifs cjnDag, :jLs/0f /
ckIfo;DaGwL cjwf/0ff :ki6 kfg{',
 eflifs ;j{]If0f k4ltsf] kl/ro lbg .
 efiffsf If]qLo / ;fdflhs e]bsf] PsfO b'O{ M eflifs e]b -*_
;f]bfx/0f leGgtf b]vfO{ ltgsf] @=! eflifs e]bsf] juL{s/0f ug{] cfwf/x¿
klxrfgsf cfwf/x¿ k|:t't ug{, @=@ efiffsf] If]qLo e]b / o;sf] klxrfgsf cfwf/x¿
 efiffsf cGo e]baLr ;f]bfx/0f leGgtf @=# efiffsf] ;fdflhs e]b / o;sf] klxrfgsf cfwf/x¿
b]vfpg, @=$ efiffsf cGo e]b
 efiffå}t;DaGwL cjwf/0ffl;t kl/lrt @=$=! sfn
x'g, @=$=@ ljifo
 låeflifstf÷ax'eflifstfsf] kl/ro @=$=# k|;Ë
lbO{ o;sf] k|s[lt / k|sf/ 5'6\ofpg, @=$=$ dfWodut
 sf]8 kl/jt{g / sf]8 ld>0f ;DaGwL @=% efiffå}tsf] ;fdfGo lrgf/L
cjwf/0ff :ki6 kfg{ . @=^ låeflifstf÷ax'eflifstf / o;sf] k|s[lt / k|sf/
@=& sf]8 kl/jt{g tyf sf]8 ld>0f ;DaGwL ;fdfGo
cjwf/0ff
 efiff gLlt / of]hgfsf] cfjZostf cf} PsfO tLg M efiff gLlt / of]hgf
+Nofpg, -*_
 k|of]hgsf cfwf/df k|wfg ;Dk"/s, #=! efiff gLlt / of]hgfsf] cfjZostf
;xfos, kl/k"/s / ;dt'No efiffx¿sf] k| #=@ k|of]hgsf cfwf/df efiffx¿ M
s[lt klxNofpg,  k|wfg
 /fli6«otfsf] ;+j4{gsf lglDt /fi6«  ;Dk"/s
efiffx¿sf] e"ldsf pNn]v ug{,  ;xfos kl/k"/s
 efiffof]hgfsf k|d'v ;d:of l;t kl/lrt  ;dt'No
eO{ o;sf k|sf/ / k|d'v kIf;DaGwdf #=#/fli6«otfsf] ;+j4{gdf /fi6« efiffx¿sf] e"ldsf
kl/lrt x'g, #=$efiffof]hgfsf k|d'v ;d:of
 efiffsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f k|lqmofl;t #=% efiff of]hgfsf k|sf/ M
kl/lrt eO{ o;sf ;d:ofx¿ klxNofpg .
 :t/ut
 :j¿kut
#=^ efiff of]hgfsf k|d'v kIf M
 5gf]6
 sf]8Ls/0f
 dfgsLs/0f -lnlk, j0f{, lxHh] zAbe08f/ /
Jofs/0f_
 lj:tf/
#=& efiffsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f k|lqmof / o;sf ;d:of .
 g]kfnsf efiffx¿sf] ef}uf]lns / PsfO rf/ M g]kfnsf] eflifs l:ylt
;fdflhs l:ylt pNn]v ug{, -&_

238
 ljlzi6 p2]Zo kf7\oljifo
 g]kfnsf] efiff gLlt ;DaGwdf kl/lrt $=! g]kfnsf efiffx¿sf] ef}uf]lns / ;fdflhs l:ylt
x'g, $=@ g]kfnsf] efiff gLlt, ljut / jt{dfg
 /fi6«efiffsf] ljsf;sf k|of;x¿sf] ljj/0f $=#lzIff, ;~rf/ / k|zf;gdf efiff gLlt
pNn]v ug{ . $=$/fi6«efiff tyf /fli6«o efiffsf] ljsf;sf k|of;x¿
 efiff lzIf0f / ;fdflhs efiff PsfO kfFr M ;fdflhs efifflj1fg / efifflzIf0f
lj1fgaLrsf] ;DaGw b]vfO{ o;sf] -&_
pkof]lutf l;4 ug{, %=! ;fdflhs efiff lj1fg / efiff lzIf0faLr ;DaGw
 ;fdflhs efifflj1fgsf] z}Ifl0fs %=@ efiff lzIf0fdf ;fdflhs efiff lj1fgsf]
dxŒj :ki6 kfg{ . pkof]lutf
%=# ;fdflhs efifflj1fgsf] z}Ifl0fs dxŒj
v08 -v_ M dgf]efifflj1fg
 dgf]efifflj1fgsf] kl/ro lbg / o;sf] PsfO 5 M dgf]efifflj1fg -&_
If]q / ljsf;qmd :ki6 kfg{, ^=! dgf]efiff lj1fgsf] kl/ro If]q / ljsf;qmd
 efiff / dl:tissf] cGt/ ;DaGw ^=@ efiff / dfl:tissf] cGt/;DaGw
klxNofpg ^=@=! >Jo b[ZofTds pRrfo{ n]VofTds k|
lqmof
^=@=@ sf]8Ls/0f ljsf]8Ls/0f k|lqmof
 afn efiff ljsf;sf lglDt rD:sLsf] PsfO ;ft M afnefiff ljsf;sf l;4fGt -*_
l;4fGtsf] pkof]u ug{, &=! afnefiff ljsf;df rD:sLsf] l;4fGt M
 efiff k|flKtdf k|efj kfg{]  efiff k|flKt k|lqmof
tŒjx¿ 7Dofpg,  efiff k|flKt ;+oGq
 eflifs ;fdYo{ / l;h{gzLntfaf/] k|:6 &=@ efiff k|flKtdf k|efj kfg{] tŒjx¿
kfg{, &=# eflifs ;fdYo{ / ;[hgzLntf
 afn efiff ljsf;sf lglDt lkofh]sf] &=$ afn efiff ljsf;df lkofh]sf] l;4fGt
b[li6sf[0f / l;4fGtsf] pkof]u ug{, &=% cfTds]Gb|L af]nL
 eflifs k|of]hg l;l4sf ;Gbe{df rD:sL &=^ efiffaf/] lkofh]sf] b[li6sf]0f
/ lkofh]sf l;4fGtaLr t'ngf ug{ . &=& efiff ljsf; / ;+1fgfTds ljsf;
&=* rD:sL / lkofh]sf l;4fGtaLr t'ngf
 afn efiff ljsf;sf r/0f / ltgsf ljz]iftf PsfO cf7 M efiffljsf;sf r/0f / kIf -*_
pNn]v ug{, *=! afnsdf efiff ljsf;sf r/0f / ltgsf ljz]iftfx¿
 afn efiffsf ljleGg kIfsf] ljsf;  k|f/lDes r/0fx¿
;DaGwdf hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ .  pQ/jtL{ r/0fx¿
*=@ afn efiffsf ljleGg kIfsf] ljsf; M
*=@=! WjGofTds kIfsf] ljsf;
*=@=@ cfbfgfTds kIfsf] ljsf;
*=@=# k|bfgfTds kIfsf] ljsf;
*=@=$ zAbfy{ tyf zAbe08f/sf] ljsf;
*=@=% Jofs/0f kIfsf] ljsf;
 efiff k|flKt / cfh{gdf leGgtf PsfO gf} M efiff cfh{gsf k|fSsNkgfx¿

239
 ljlzi6 p2]Zo kf7\oljifo
5'6\6\ofpg, -&_
 efiff cfh{gsf ljleGg k| (=! efiff k|flKt / cfh{gdf leGgtf
fSsNkgfx¿ pNn]v ug{ . (=@ ;lu{s cg'qmd k|fSsNkgf
(=# dlg6/ k|fSsNkgf
(=$ cg'k|ljli6 k|fSsNkgf
(=% k|efjL lkmN6/ k|fSsNkgf
 efiff l;sfOsf Jojxf/jfbL / dgf]jfbL PsfO b; M efiffl;sfOsf k|d'v l;4fGt
l;4fGtsf] kl/ro lbg, -&_
 pQm l;4fGtaLr leGgtf cf}FNofpg, !)=! Jojxf/jfbL l;4fGt
 dgf]efifflj1fg / efifflzIf0faLr !)=@ dgf]jfbL l;4fGt
;DaGw b]vfpg . !)=# pQm b'O{ l;4fGt aLrsf] leGgtf
!)=$ dgf]efifflj1fg / efiff lzIf0faLr ;DaGw
$= lzIf0f k|ljlw M k|To]s PsfOdf cfjZostfcg';f/ ;fwf/0f / ljlzi6 k|ljlwsf] pkof]u
ul/g]5 .
$=! ;fwf/0f lzIf0fk|ljlw M
PsfOsf] k|s[ltcg'¿k kf7\ok':ts, ;xfos k':ts, ;Gbe{ k':ts, kf7kq, tflnsf / cf/]vx¿sf]
pkof]u ul/g] 5 . k|To]s PsfOdf cfjZostfcg';f/ JofVofg, k|Zgf]Q/, 5nkmn tyf
k|:t'tLs/0f ljlwsf] pkof]u ul/g] 5 .
$=@ ljlzi6 lzIf0f k|ljlw M
kf7\of+z k|s[ltcg';f/ k|To]s PsfOdf cfjZos 5nkmnu/fO{ ;d"xut ¿kdf ;dLIffTds
sfo{kq n]vL sIffdf k|:t't ug{ nufOg] 5 . ljz]iftM PsfO tLg, rf/, ;ft / cf7df
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;d"xut ¿kdf sfo{kq tof/ ug{ nufO{ sIffdf k|:t't ug{ nufOg] 5 .
%= d"Nofª\sg k|lqmof M lzIf0f l;sfOsf] cjlwdf kf7\oj:t'sf] k|s[ltcg';f/ lnlvt
k/LIff, ;d"xsfo{, df}lvs tyf lnlvt k|:t'ltaf6 d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;lsg]5 . o; k|sf/sf] d"Nofª\sg
ljBfyl{x¿nfO{ k[i7kf]if0f lbg dfq k|of]u ul/g] 5 . o; kf7\of+zsf] clGtd d"Nofª\sg
lq=lj= jflif{s k/LIff k|0ffnLcg';f/ lnlvt k/LIffåf/f ul/g] 5 .
jflif{s k/LIffdf ;f]lwg] k|Zgsf] k|s[lt, k|Zg9fFrf / To;sf] cª\sef/ lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5 –
k|Zgsf] k|s[lt hDdf k|Zg ;ª\Vof pQ/ lbg'kg{] k|Zg ;ª\Vof / k"0f
x/]s k|Zgsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] f{ª\s
cÍ
;d"x …sÚ M * k|Zg !×* cÍ *
ax'j}slNks k|Zg
;d"x …vÚ M 5f]6f @ ljsNk;lxt % k| %×^ cÍ #)
pt/fTds k|Zg Zg
;d"x …uÚ M nfdf] ! k|Zg !@×! cÍ !@
pt/fTds k|Zg

^= l;kmfl/; ul/Psf k':ts tyf ;Gbe{;fdu|Lx¿

240
 l;kmfl/; ul/Psf k':tsx¿
clwsf/L, x]dfª\u/fh, -@)%^_, ;fdflhs / k|fof]lus efifflj1fg, sf7df8f}+ M /Tg k':ts
e08f/ . -PsfO ! b]lv $ ;Ddsf nflu_
Pln;g h]= Plnc6, -;g\ !((@_, rfON8 Nofª\Uj]h, Go'of]s{ M SoflDa|h o'lgel;{6L k|]; .
-PsfO & sf nflu_
qm\of;g 8L= :6]km]g / 6«of;L 8L= 6]/]n, -;g\ !(**_, b Gofr'/n Pk|f]r Nofª\Uj]h
PlSjlh;g Og b Snf; ?d, u|]6 a[6]g M k|]lG6; xn . -PsfO ( / !) sf nflu_
e08f/L, kf/;dl0f -@)^%_, ;fdflhs tyf dgf]efifflj1fg, sf7df8f}+ M ljBfyL{ k':ts e08f/ .
- PsfO ! b]lv !) ;Dd sf nflu_

;Gbe{;fdfu|Lx¿
Pn]g h]=lk=la= / P; lk6 s8/ -;+=_, -;g\ !(&*_, k]k;{ Og cKnfO8 lnlª\Ujl:6S;,
Go'of]s{ M cS;kmf]8{ o'lgel;{6L k|]; .
Oª\u|fd 8]le8, -;g\ !((!, (@_, km:6 Nofª\Uj]h PlSjlh;g, Go'of]s{ M SoflDa|h o'lgel;
{6L k|]; .
sf7df8f}+ lzIff SofDk; -;Dkf=_, lzIffzf:q ;f}/e, cªs !@ .
u'/fufO{+, l8NnLk|;fb / e]if/fh kf]v|]n, -;g\ @))%_, ;fOsf]lnª\lUjl:6S; PG8 ;f]l;of]
lnª\lUjl:6S;, sf7df8f}+ M h'lk6/ klAn;;{ PG8 l8l:6«Ao'6;{ .
l3ld/], jf;'b]j -@)^%_, ;dfh efifflj1fg, sf7df8f}+ M jfª\do k|sfzg tyf cg';Gwfg s]Gb| .
g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg, -@)%)_, k|1f cÍ &( .
g]kfnL efifflzIff ljefu -;Dkf=_, ;Dk|]if0f, cÍ !–^ .
o'n] hh{, -;g\ !(*(_, b :68L ckm Nofª\Uj]h, Go'of]s{ M SoflDa|h o'lgel;{6L k|]; .
/fO{, lji0f' l;+x, -;g\ @))%_, ;fOsf] lnª\lUjl:6S; PG8 ;f]l;of] lnª\lUjl:6S;, sf7df8f}+
M e'F8L k'/f0f k|sfzg .
nD;fn, /fdrGb| / cGo -@)^@_, k|fof]lus efifflj1fg, sf7df8f}+ M e'F8Lk'/f0f k|sfzg .
nfoG;, hf]g -;g\ @))%_, Nofª\Uj]h PG8 lnª\lUjl:6S;, Go'of]s{ M SoflDa|h o'lgel;
{6L k|]; .
jfw{, /f]gfN8, -;g\ @)))_, Pg OG6«f]8S;g 6' ;f]l;of] lnª\lUjl:6S;, cd]l/sf M Jnfsj]n
klAn;;{ .
jfi0f{]o, cf/= Pn, -;g\ !(*%_, Og OG6«f]8S6/L 6]S:6a's ckm lnª\lUjl:6S; PG8
kmf]g]l6S;, x/åf/ M :6'8]G6 :6f]/ .
zdf{, /fhdl0f, -;g\ @)))_, cfw'lgs efifflj1fg, gofFlbNnL M jf0fL k|sfzg .
x8\;g, cf/=P= -;g\ !(((_, ;f]l;of] lnª\lUjl:6S;, Go'of]s{ M SoflDa|h o'lgel;{6L k|]; .

241