You are on page 1of 22

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY

PHAGWARA

TERM PAPER

BIFIDOBACTERIUM

SUBMITTED BY:-
SHASHI SHARMA
M.Sc. (MICROBIOLOGY)
ROLL NO. RP8003B15
BIFIDOBACTERIUM

OBJECTIVE

Bifidobacterium is a Gram-positive anaerobic rod-


shaped bacterium, which can be found in the large intestines of
most mammals, including humans It would be a great idea to take
it along with Candida Yeast Manangement that eats the cell wall
of candida or even with Syntol. Then the bacteria would have an
easier time killing the nucleus of the candida cell

Bifidobacterium strains are common in the natural


flora of human and animal digestive systems. Some strains show a
tendency to inhibit the growth of such harmful bacteria as
Salmonella. As probiotics, they stimulate the immune system, aid
in digestion, and assist in the absorption of food ingredients and
nutrients. They are also capable of synthesizing some vitamins .

Probiotics is a little more complete than CP-1 and that could


be the answer for you. But you won't know until you try
it.Bifidobacterium longum is resistant to antibiotics. It has been
found to reduce serum cholesterol and raise macrophage levels.
Macrophages are a natural killer cell that cleans up waste in the
body along with fighting candida yeast. It inhibits and fights bad
bacteria and can colonize the colon

Objectives: Probiotics may be useful in preventing acute


infectious diarrhea. Bifidobacteria are particularly attractive
as probiotics agent because they constitute the predominant
colonic flora of breastfed infants and are thought to play a
role in the decreased incidence of diarrhea in breastfed
infants.

OBSERVATIONS SO FAR:

Ninety healthy children received either the BbF or a conventional


formula (CF) daily. The mean duration of the stay in the
residential center was similar (137 v 148 days). At enrollment,
there were no differences between the two groups with respect to
age (3.7 ± 2.1 months), gender, anthropometric data, history of
allergy or gastrointestinal disease, frequency of breast-feeding in
the neonatal period or timing of introduction of solid food.
Altogether, 28.3% of the BbF infants had diarrhea during the
study compared with 38.7% of controls (NS). There was a
statistically insignificant trend for shorter episodes of diarrhea in
the BbF group (5.1 ± 3.3 days v 7 ± 5.5 days, NS). The number of
days with diarrhea was 1.15 ± 2.5 in the BbF group with a daily
probability of diarrhea of 0.84 versus 2.3 ± 4.5 days and 1.55,
respectively, in the CF group (P = 0.0002 and 0.0014). Feeding
infants with the BbF reduced their risk of getting diarrhea by a
factor of 1.9 (range, 1.33-2.6). Analysis of the cumulative
incidence of diarrheal episodes showed a trend that the first onset
of diarrhea occurred later in the BbF group.
Conclusion: These results provide some evidence that
viable Bifidobacterium lactisstrain Bb 12, added to an acidified
infant formula, has some protective effect against acute diarrhea
in healthy children.
Gastroenteritis is a significant cause of childhood morbidity even
in the developed world. It represents 16% of all illnesses reported
in children younger than 5 years in the United States of America.
The incidence of acute diarrhea in children years has been
estimated at 1.3 to 2.3 episodes per child per year, but is 2 to 5
times higher in children attending day care centers and
residential facilities,, where nosocomial acute diarrheal illness
more common and can result in prolonged hospital stays and
increased medical costs . Thus, the development of effective
methods to prevent acute gastroenteritis is an important goal for
infant health.
Breast-feeding is associated with a decreased incidence of
gastrointestinal infections, possibly because it promotes the
growth of bifidobacteria in the intestine creating an acidic
environment inhospitable to infectious organisms Formula and
fermented milk containing various bacteria have been used for
many years for their potential benefit on intestinal digestion and
function . It seems reasonable that modifying the intestinal flora
by providing exogenous nonpathogenic bacteria might also
prevent or treat infectious diarrhea . Bifidobacteria are
particularly attractive as potential probiotic agents because they
are the predominant colonic flora of breast fed infants and are
felt to contribute to the mechanisms by which breast-feeding
protects against diarrhea.. Bifidobacteria appear to delay the
onset of symptoms in rotavirus infection of laboratory animals .
The efficacy of supplemental nonpathogenic bacteria in
preventing infantile gastroenteritis has been assessed in few
controlled clinical trial, including only one study with an infant
formula containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb). Thus, we
conducted a multicenter, double-blind, controlled study to assess
the efficacy and tolerability of an acidified milk formula
containing this strain of bifidobacteria for the prevention of acute
diarrhea in infants living in residential nurseries or foster care
centers

Introduction

Bifidobacterium animalis is a Gram-positive anaerobic


rod-shaped bacterium, which can be found in the
large intestines of most mammals, including humans.

Morphology
Bifidobacteria are gram-positive pleomorphic rods, ranging from
uniform to branched, bifurcated Y and V forms, spatulate or club
shaped. They are strictly anaerobic (although some strains can
tolerate oxygen in the presence of carbon dioxide), non-motile
and non-spore-forming. The branching nature of bifidobacteria is
not only strain dependent but also depends on the medium used
for cultivation. Comparison of cell morphology of bifidobacterial
isolates grown on a standard medium can aid in identification
(29). Cell morphology alone, however, must be supplemented with
the results of biochemical tests to differentiate bifidobacteria from
morphologically similar genera (Lactobacillus,
Actinomyces,Propionibacterium, Eubacterium).
Complete Probiotics contains ten species of beneficial
bacteria and they include
Bifidobacterium lactis robs candida of its food supply because
it greatly shortens transient times of waste through the colon.
Lactobacillus acidophilus breaks down nutrients during
digestion and assists in the production of folic acid, niacin, and
seperates amino acids from bile acids which can be used again by
the body. This breakdown process produces hydrogen peroxide
that makes the intestinal and vaginal environment unsuitable for
unfriendly organisms such as bad bacteria and yeast.
The U. of Nebraska found L. acidophulis reduced the incidence of
E. coli by 61% when it was added to cattle feed and fed to the
cows. The U. of Oklahoma found L. acidophulis helped in
reducing serum cholesterol levels. The U. of Kentucky confirmed
a 10 to 12% reduction in risk of heart disease in individuals with
high cholesterol levels.
Lactobacillus acidophilus makes up 20% of the intestinal bacteria
and is the most prevalant species in the vagina. In both
environments it produces hydrogen peroxides that kill harmful
pathogens and candida yeasts while raising the ph, which further
controls harmful pathogens.
Bifidobacterium longum is resistant to antibiotics. It has been
found to reduce serum cholesterol and raise macrophage levels.
Macrophages are a natural killer cell that cleans up waste in the
body along with fighting candida yeast. It inhibits and fights bad
bacteria and can colonize the colon.
Bifidobacterium bifidum has been found to stimulate
macrophages and activate lymphocytes to produce antibodies
against foreign pathogens. It also increases the production and
function of t-cells and natural killer cells which suggests it has
antitumor and antifungal abilities. In tests on mice it was found to
induce apoptosis to colorectal cancer tumors and to prevent them
from spreading.
Lactobacillus casei is a lactic acid producer that helps L.
acidophilus to grow. It has been found to inhibit the growth of h.
pylori and may be effective at preventing other bacterial intestinal
diseases.
Lactobacillus plantarum has been found to clear up to 95% of
the symptoms associated with IBS if high enough doses are taken.
It boosts immune function in the intestine and helps with high
cholesterol and heart disease.
Lactobacillus salivarius promotes your intestinal health and
helps support your oral health as well. It is sometimes used in
gums to help prevent tooth deacay from bad bacteria.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus supports the activity of t-cells and
lymphocytes, which are natural killer cells in the immune system.
It is found primarily in the small intestine and stomach and
smaller amounts are found in the large intestine. In the large
intestine its creates a favorable environment for Bifidobacterium
to attach and proliferate.
It is a very strong species and can survive where most other
bacterial species cannot. It has been shown to have antitumor
activity and prevents food allergies from leaky gut syndrome. It
also inhibits the growth of bad bacterial species.
Lactobacillus bulgarious works with other Lactobacillus strains
to provide you a potential source of dietary antioxidants.
Lactobacillus sporogenes helps enhance your intestinal health
and provides back-up for sporadic intestinal discomfort. This is
also a spore forming bacteria that is supposed to repopulate the
intestinal tract. Another claim to fame is that it definitely survives
the journey through the stomach intact.

Add to this a friendly trio of good bacteria blended in the


proprietary Kyo-Dophilus blend. These specially-cultured
organisms are at home in your digestive tract, able to survive
hostile stomach acid and settle right in to begin promoting
healthy intestinal function.
Complete probiotics contains a little bit of NutraFlora short
chain FOS to feed the bacteria in the intestinal tract. I personally
believe this is not necessary if you are consuming enough
vegetables, but it won't hurt anything.
One of the things that really got me looking at this is you don't
have to refrigerate it. That tells me right away that this probiotic
will not grow molds in the body because it will not spoil.
At a dose of 66 billion per capsule and if for some reason CP-1 or
nothing else worked well for you, I would definitely give this a try.
Probiotics are really an individual thing because no two people
have the same amounts of the same species in their intestines.
Sometimes you have to try a few before you find the one that
really works for you. The bacterial profile in Complete Probiotics
is a little more complete than CP-1 and that could be the answer
for you. But you won't know until you try it.
It would be a great diea to take it along with Candida Yeast
Manangement that eats the cell wall of candida or even
with Syntol. Then the bacteria would have an easier time killing
the nucleus of the candida cell. Its like making your own Threelac
or Probio5 without the risks.
Bifidobacterium strains are common in the natural flora of
human and animal digestive systems. Some strains show a
tendency to inhibit the growth of such harmful bacteria
asSalmonella. As probiotics, they stimulate the immune system,
aid in digestion, and assist in the absorption of food ingredients
and nutrients. They are also capable of synthesizing some
vitamins.
Bifidobacteria are gram-positive anaerobes; non-motile, non-
spore forming and catalase-negative. They have various shapes,
including short, curved rods, club-shaped rods, and bifurcated Y-
shaped rods. Their name is derived from the way they often exist;
that is in a Y-shaped or bifid form. Bifidobacteria are classified
as lactic acid bacteria,and, to date, about 30 species have been
isolated.

Breastfed newborns begin to colonize bifidobacteria within days


of

birth. However, populations begin to decline with advancing age

unless they are supplemented in the diet. Bifidobacteria are

influenced by a number of factors, including diet, antibiotics, and


stress.

Identification of Bacterial Species in Probiotic


The prevalence of lactobacillus and bifidobacterial species in the
intestinal tract of humans is not known accurately.
Comprehensive studies of the species composing the human
intestinal microflora have seldom been attempted, and those that
have were conducted prior to the introduction of genotypic
methods for the classification of bacteria (1). Probably the best
comparisons available of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium
species present in human faeces are those reported by Mitsuoka
(24) and by Biavati and colleagues (2, 3). Mitsuoka listed
Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus
salivarius, and Lactobacillus reuteri as the major species of the
Lactobacillus microflora. Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus
ruminis, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus brevis were
detected occasionally. Among the bifidobacteria, Bifidobacterium
longum predominated in adult humans,
while Bifidobacterium bifidum was detected occasionally. In
contrast, Bifidobacterium infantis and Bifidobacterium breve
were the most prevalent species in infant faeces, with B. longum
and B. bifidum detected occasionally. The identity of the isolates
was determined by phenotypic characterisation, and
determination of the mole % G+C of genomic DNA in the case of
the lactobacilli. Biavati et al.

Health benefits
It is worth noting that many scientific studies are funded by
companies that produce products which contain the substance
being studied, which can lead to doubts about the impartiality of
these studies.[5] The bodies that have funded the research below
are not listed.
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, strain BB-12:
 Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12 Supplementation
on Intestinal Microbiota of Preterm Infants: a Double-Blind,
Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study. J Clin Microbiol.
2006 November.
 Adherence of Probiotic Bacteria to Human Intestinal Mucus
in Healthy Infants and during Rotavirus Infection. Clin Diagn
Lab Immunol..
 Innate mechanisms for Bifidobacterium lactis to activate
transient pro-inflammatory host responses in intestinal
epithelial cells after the colonization of germ-free rats.
Immunology. 2005 August.
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis, strain DN-173 010:
 A fermented milk with Bifidobacterium probiotic strain DN-
173 010 shortened oro-fecal gut transit time in elderly. Microb
Ecology Health Dis.
 Bifidobacterium animalis, strain DN-173 010 shortens the
colonic transit time in healthy women. A double-blind
randomised controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.
 Bouvier M, et al. “Effects of consumption of a milk
fermented by the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173
010 on colonic transit time in healthy humans. Bioscience and
Microflora.

The Many Health Benefits of Bifidobacterium Lactis


The most likely been hearing the praises of probiotics lately, and
it’s no surprise why. Research on probiotics has suggested health
benefits ranging from digestive support to promoting healthy
cholesterol. But which strains of “good bacteria” should you be
incorporating into your daily regimen? In our probiotic series, we
take a look at four of the most beneficial strains of probiotics. The
third strain in the four-part series is Bifidobacterium Lactis.

Bifidobacterium Lactis is used as a probiotic in a variety of foods,


particularly dairy products like yogurt, and is also included in
baby food. It is very valuable to the body in making sure you have
an ample supply of “good” bacteria to overrule the damage
caused by the bad bacteria within your system.
Henry Tissier discovered Bifidobacteria in 1900 and Tissier
was the first to suggest that Bifidobacteria might be therapeutic
for the relief of intestinal disorders. Unfortunately, he wasn’t
taken all that seriously at that time and the positive effects of this
probiotic weren’t demonstrated again until 1950.
The most important effects noted were that Bifidobacteria is
able to alter pro-carcinogenic enzymes, prevent pro-carcinogens
and suppress tumors. Although there are many species of
bifidobacterium, some of the more important ones are B. bifidum,
B. longum, B. infantis and B. lactis.
B. Lactius has been under researcher’s scopes for a while
now with recent results showing that it has many immunological
properties, meaning it will provide an excellent resistance to
harmful or toxic microbes as well as decreasing the effects from
bad bacteria. Bifidobacterium Lactis resists the digestion of acid
and the action of bile salts, while allowing it to travel to the colon
in larger doses to offer its protection from harmful toxins or
inflammation.
Perhaps what this friendly and good bacterium is most
known for is its ability to stimulate the body’s immune response.
It was proven particularly effective in enhancing cellular
immunity in the elderly. This was shown with patients who
consumed fermented products containing B. Lactis, as they had a
large increase in the number and size of activated helper T
lymphocytes. Their immune cells’ ability to surround and destroy
bad bacteria had also increased. The patients or subjects that
previously had the worst immune responses were the ones that
showed the most improvement after doses of Bifidobacterium
lactis.
Bifidobacterium Lactis is an excellent dietary supplement
for the stomach and intestinal tract as it is very effective in
resisting acid digestion, preventing diarrhea, relieving
constipation and decreasing chronic pain and inflammation of the
colon, making it very valuable for your large intestine. In
addition to its many other health benefits, Bifidobacterium Lactis
is also very beneficial in preventing and treating atopic eczema in
children with food allergies.
Researchers studying Bifidobacterium Lactis have
demonstrated that it has the ability to protect epithelial cells from
damage by gliadin exposure. People that suffer from celiac
disease can develop serious intestinal symptoms and a damaged
small bowel mucosa for wheat gliadin. If untreated, the patient is
at risk of developing various cancers and other similar
conditions.
Typically, the only treatment for his problem has been a
gluten-free diet all your life, which is almost impossible.
However, after testing and independent studies, it was determined
that Bifidobacterium Lactis was able to block the toxic effects of
wheat glaidin. There is also further research going on to
determine its potential as a dietary supplement for preventing
damage done to celiac disease patients from accidental gluten
contamination.
This beneficial probiotics product can be obtained in
supplement form or in many fermented foods, many available in
health food stores. For more information on probiotic
supplementation.
Acidified Milk Formula Supplemented With Bifidobacterium
lactis: Impact on Infant Diarrhea in Residential Care
Settings

Trade names.
Several companies have attempted to trademark particular strains
and as a marketing technique, have invented scientific sounding
names for the strains. Danone (Dannon) have claimed trademark
status on the subspecies strain DN 173 010 and markets the
organism as Bifidus Digestivum (UK), Bifidus Regularis (US and
Mexico), Bifidobacterium Lactis or B.L. Regularis (Canada),
DanRegularis (Brazil), Bifidus Actiregularis (Argentina, Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Chile, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan,
Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain and the UK), and
Bifidus Essensis in the Middle East (and formerly in Hungary)
through Activia from Safi Danone KSA. Scientifically, the correct
strain is identified as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis,
strain DN-173 010.
Chr. Hansen A/S from Denmark has a similar claim on a strain
of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, marketed under the
trademark BB-12. It is marketed both as Bifidobacterium
animalis and Bifidobacterium lactis, however, the true scientific
name of the strain Is Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis.
Marked changes have occurred in bacterial classification since
the application of molecular technologies to this task. The
impetus for major change has resulted from the observation that
16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences can be used as
evolutionary chronometers (40). Some regions of the 16S rRNA
molecule are conserved throughout all bacterial species and can
be used to align sequences obtained from different isolates.
Alignment of these conserved regions permits comparison of the
remaining regions which are variable as to nucleotide base
sequence between many species . From a practical point of view,
the 16S rRNA gene sequences (rDNA) can be used in the reliable
identification of many bacterial species through the derivation of
specific oligonucleotide probes or polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) based techniques . Other regions of the genome also offer
opportunities as targets for identification procedures (10). These
molecular approaches allow Lactobacillus species to be reliably
identified, but much developmental work remains to be
accomplished in the case of the bifidobacteria.
Future strategies.
The functional food concept has, in recent years, moved
progressively towards the development of dietary supplementation
that may affect gut microbial composition and activities. The
rationale behind this derives from a realisation that the human
colon contains pathogenic, benign and possibly health promoting
species. This microbiota functions in such a manner that the colon
is the most metabolically active organ in the body—having a very
significant nutritional role. Dietary supplementation is a feasible
route by which the large gut microbiota composition and activities
can be modulated. Probiotics are live microbial food additions that
have been in use for some time and are available in many food
products, primarily fermented milks. Bacteria which produce
lactic acid, that are perceived to exert beneficial properties such as
improved lactose digestion and resistance to pathogens, are
common probiotics. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients
(e.g. oligosaccharides) that have a selective fermentation in the
colon. Fructose oligosaccharides are able to modify the gut flora
composition in favour of bifidobacteria. Prebiotics have been
hitherto used for genus level changes and do not suffer the
survivability difficulties that may arise with probiotics. Other
strategies may exploit both technologies together (as synbiotics).
Future perspectives that allow a more full description of the gut
biodiversity and accurately monitor changes in response to diet,
will help determine the role of probiotics, prebiotics and
synbiotics in health promotion.
References

1. Bifidobacterium
2. Masco, Liesbeth; Marco Ventura, Ralf Zink, Geert
Huys1 and Jean Swings (July 2004). "Polyphasic taxonomic
analysis of Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium
lactis reveals relatedness at the subspecies level:
reclassification ofBifidobacterium
animalis as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.
animalis subsp. nov. and Bifidobacterium
lactis as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis subsp.
nov.". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54
3. Rapid Identification, Differentiation, and Proposed
New Taxonomic Classification of Bifidobacterium lactis.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 December; 68(12): 6429–
6434.

4. Ballongue, J. 1993. Bifidobacteria and probiotic action, p.


357-428. In S. Salminen and A. von Wright (ed.), Lactic acid
bacteria. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
5. Biavati, B., P. Castagnoli, F. Crociani, and L. D. Trovatelli.
1984. Species of the Bifidobacterium in the feces of infants.
Microbiologica 7: 341-345.
6. Biavati, B., P. Castagnoli, and L. D. Trovatelli. 1986.
Species of the genus Bifidobacterium in the feces of human
adults. Microbiologica 9: 39-45.

You might also like