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‘A Reign of Terror’
CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923
U
ğ
ur Ü. ÜngörUniversity of Amsterdam, Department of History Master’s thesis ‘Holocaust and Genocide Studies’ June 2005
2
‘A Reign of Terror’
CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923
U
ğ
ur Ü. ÜngörUniversity of AmsterdamDepartment of History Master’s thesis ‘Holocaust and Genocide Studies’Supervisors:Prof. Johannes Houwink ten Cate, Center for Holocaust and Genocide StudiesDr. Karel Berkhoff, Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies June 2005
3
Contents
Preface
4
Introduction
6
1 ‘Turkey for the Turks’, 1913-1914
10
1.1 Crises in the Ottoman Empire 101.2 ‘Nationalization’ of the population 171.3 Diyarbekir province before World War I 211.4 Social relations between the groups 26
2 Persecution of Christian communities, 1915 33
2.1 Mobilization and war 332.2 The ‘reign of terror’ begins 392.3 ‘Burn, destroy, kill’ 482.4 Center and periphery 632.5 Widening and narrowing scopes of persecution 73
3 Deportations of Kurds and settlement of Muslims, 1916-1917
78
3.1 Deportations of Kurds, 1916 813.2 Settlement of Muslims, 1917 923.3 The aftermath of the war, 1918 953.4 The Kemalists take control, 1919-1923 101
4 Conclusion
110
Bibliography
116
Appendix 1: DH.
Ş
FR 64/39
130
Appendix 2: DH.
Ş
FR 87/40
132
Appendix 3: DH.
Ş
FR 86/45
134
Appendix 4: Family tree of Y.A.
136
Maps
138