The Extension Agent's Handbook for Emergency Preparation and ResponseA Special Project by Texas Agricultural Extension Service and Hazard Reduction and RecoveryCenter with funding provided by Extension Service-United States Department of AgricultureDr. D. L. Bilbo Jay ToddProject Director Project AssociateIntroductionThe Extension Agent's Handbook for Disaster Preparedness and Response can be a valuableresponse tool for you, the Extension agent, in times of emergency or as an aid in preparednesseducation activities. The Handbook is divided into two parts to provide the information you needin an easy-to-use format. The first section of the Handbook, General Family Preparedness,provides basic information you may need to access quickly in any disaster or emergency situation.It also may be used as a preparedness education tool for the public.The second section of the Handbook covers 10 disaster specific situations. For the purposes of this manual, a disaster is any event which drastically affects a person's life or livelihood. Floods,fires, hurricanes, tornadoes, winter storms, earthquakes, droughts and volcanic eruptions areconsidered to be natural disasters, events over which one usually has no control. Radiological andhazardous materials, accidents may be caused by the failure of people to maintain control over theoperation, transportation or storage of certain materials. In addition to an overview of the disaster,each section provides a series of preparedness measures and post-disaster responses that should betaken in conjunction with those outlined in the General Family Preparedness section.This handbook is not intended to cover every situation. It provides basic information you will needfor a disaster situation and early post-disaster response. Because every community is different,special consideration for the local area should be taken into account along with the informationprovided in the Handbook. Pages and sections of the Handbook may be removed andphotocopied. Information is structured in a manner conducive to public use. Extension agents areencouraged to provide copies of the material to the public both as "preventive education" and forresponse needs. This Handbook was developed as a joint effort of Extension Service-United StatesDepartment of Agriculture, the Texas Agricultural Extension Service and the Hazard Reductionand Recovery Center, Texas A&M University.The information given herein is for educational purpose only. Reference to commercial productsor trade names is made with theunderstanding that no discrimination is intended and noendorsement by the Texas Agricultural Extension Service is implied. Educational programsconducted by the Texas Agricultural Extension Service serve citizens of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability or national origin. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, Acts of Congress of May 8,1914, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture. Zerle L. Carpenter,Director, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, The Texas A&M University System. 9/94AcknowledgmentsThe following agencies and individuals have contributed to the development of this handbook.American Red Cross-National Headquarters American Red Cross-Brazos Valley Chapter
Arkansas Cooperative Extension Colorado Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (CEHRP)Federal Emergency Management Agency Florida Cooperative Extension Service HazardReduction and Recovery Center-Texas A&M University Agriculture-Agriculture (Ag-USDA)United States Fire Administration (USFA) Washington State Cooperative Extension Meri K.Appy - NFPA Dr. David Bilbo - TAEX/HRRC Dr. Wayne Blanchard - FEMA Dr. Judith Bowers- ES-USDA Dr. Billy Caldwell - NC Extension Jim Coyle - USFA Dr. Chester Fehlis - TAEX Dr.Guy Fipps - TAEX Wilma Hammet - NC Extension Dr. Phil Hamman - TAEX Catherine Henry -NC EM Dr. Glenda Herman - NC Extension Dr. Jennie Kitching - TAEX Harriet Jennings - NCExtension Virginia Kimball Dr. Bruce Lesikar - TAEX Shirley Lewis - TAEX Dr. ElizabethLimersal - FEMA Dr. Rocky Lopes - ARC Mary Fran Myers - Natural Hazards Center Dr.Sherry Oaks - CEHRP Dr. Nell Page - TAEX Greg Parham - ES-USDA Dr. Susan Quiring -TAEX Brad Rein - ES-USDA Gordon Riall - TAEX Dr. Milo Schult - AR Extension Greg Stark - Texas Agri-Business Electric Bob Stephens - WA Extension Dr. John Sweeten - TAEXWilliam Thomas - B/CS Red Cross Jay Todd - TAEX Dr. Doug Welsh - TAEX Dr. DennisWenger - HRRC Don Wernly - National Weather Service Sandra Zaslow - NCExtensionSupplemental funding for reproduction and distribution provided by the College of Architecture Texas A&M University.General Family PreparednessDisasters can affect any part of the United States at any time of the year, swiftly and withoutwarning. Most people don't think of a disaster until it is too late; then they suddenly realize howunprepared they are for the massive changes it makes in their lives. Local officials can beoverwhelmed and emergency response personnel may not be able to reach everyone who needshelp right away. Each type of disaster requires clean-up and recovery. The period after a disasteris often very difficult for families, at times as devastating as the disaster itself. Families which areprepared ahead of time can reduce the fear, confusion and losses that come with disaster. Theycan be ready to evacuate their homes, know what to expect in public shelters and how to providebasic first aid.Family Disaster Supply KitOne of the first steps toward preparedness is the creation of a family disaster supply kit. This willhelp families get through the first few days after a disaster. Public shelter after a disaster may notoffer some of the basic necessities. The development of a kit will make a stay in a public sheltermore comfortable,should it be necessary. Store the kit in a convenient place known to all familymembers. Store items in airtight bags or containers. Replenish the kit twice a year. Include sixbasic items: Water,Food,First Aid Kit, Tools and Supplies, Clothing and Bedding, Special Items:1. WaterStore water in clean plastic containers such as thoroughly washed and rinsed soft drink bottleswith tight fitting screw-on caps. Store 1 gallon per day per family member (2 quarts for drinking, 2quarts for food preparation/ sanitation). Children, nursing mothers and ill people will need more.A 3-day supply of water should be stored for every family member. Replace water every 6months.
2. FoodStore at least a 3-day supply of non-perishable food. Select foods that require no refrigeration,preparation or cooking and little or no water. If you must heat food, pack a can of sterno. Rotatethese foods into the regular diet frequently to keep the supply fresh. In a disaster supply kitinclude: Ready-to-eat canned meats, fruits and vegetables Canned juices, milk, soup (if powdered,store extra water) Staples such as sugar, salt, pepper High energy foods such as peanut butter, jelly, crackers, granola bars, trail mix, 2-inch and 4-inch sterile gauze pads (4-6 of each),Hypoallergenic adhesive tape, Triangular bandages (3), 2-inch and 3-inch sterile roller bandages (3rolls each), Scissors, Tweezers, Needle, Moistened towelettes, Antiseptic, Thermometer Tongueblades (2), Sunscreen, Tube of petroleum jelly or other lubricant, Assorted sizes of safety pins,Cleansing agent/soap, Latex gloves (2 pairs), Non-prescription drugs, Aspirin or nonaspirin painreliever, Anti-diarrhea medication, Antacid (for stomach upset), Syrup of Ipecac (use to inducevomiting if advised by the Poison Control Center), Laxative, Activated charcoal (use if advised bythe Poison Control Center)4. Tools and SuppliesVarious tools and supplies may be needed for temporary repairs orpersonal needs. Include these items in your disaster supply kit:Battery operated radio and extra batteriesFlashlight and extra batteriesNon-electric can opener, utility knifeMap of the area (for locating shelters)Cash or traveler's checks, changeFire extinguisher: small canister, ABC typeTube tentPliersTapeCompassMatches in waterproof containerAluminum foilPlastic storage containersSignal flare Paper, pencilNeedles, threadMedicine dropperShut-off wrench, to turn off household gas and waterWhistlePlastic sheetingMess kits or paper cups, plates and plastic utensilsEmergency preparedness manualSanitationToilet paperSoap, liquid detergentFeminine hygiene suppliesPersonal hygiene itemsPlastic garbage bags, ties (for personal sanitation uses)Plastic bucket with tight lid
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