Performance Estimation of OFDM System for Various Modulations

ABSTRACT

In wireless communication, concept of parallel transmission of

symbols is applied to achieve high throughput and better transmission
quality. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the
techniques for parallel transmission. The idea of OFDM is to split the total
transmission bandwidth into a number of orthogonal sub carriers in order
.to transmit the symbols using these sub carriers in parallel

OFDM suffer from a high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR), caused by the

addition of a large number of independently modulated sub-carriers in
parallel at the transmitter. When subjected to a non-linear power
amplifier, these signals may undergo significant spectral distortion,
leading to both in-band and out-of-band interference, and an associated
degradation in system performance. In this proposed thesis, we want to
compare between different modulations techniques in OFDM for the
power spectral density (PSD), BER, and PAPR, which reduce the effect
.of nonlinear amplifier

1
INTRODUCTION

Today major challenge in telecommunication is to convey as much

information as possible through limited spectral width. Orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) introduces the concept of
allocating more traffic channels within limited bandwidth of physical
channel. Here the available bandwidth is split into several narrow band
.channels for simultaneous transmission

In OFDM the spectrums of adjacent channels are overlapped which

resembles adjacent channel interference, but interference is avoided by
.maintaining orthogonal relation between sub-carriers

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a new digital

modulation technique who consists of transmitting a data stream on
several carriers instead of using only one carrier. The general concept
has been first introduced in 1971, but it is only in the last decade, with the
development of Digital Signal Processors (DSP) that applications become
.visible

OFDM is mainly used on wideband transmissions. We will see that

OFDM is well suited for transmissions in frequency selective channels.
.Such a situation is met for example in multipath environments

Applications now a day find place in most of high data rate, wideband
.transmissions

In audio and television broadcasting (DAB and DVB) where -1

usually high data rate transmissions are required in multipath
environment. We will see too that OFDM permits the use of a single

2
frequency network (SFN) where one broadcast multiplex can be sent at
.the same frequency with several transmitters

In wire line transmission, ADSL to transmit data at a very high -2

rate on copper wire lines. The problem here is that characteristics
.of the line are not known and may change among users

In wireless LAN networks with HiperLAN/2 standard where -3

transmissions occurs at very high data rate (~10 Mb/s) in
.(indoors environment (strong multipath environment

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Wireless systems operate under harsh and challenging channel

conditions. The wireless channel is distinct and much more unpredictable
than the wire line channel because of factors such as multipath and
shadow fading, Doppler spread, and delay spread or time dispersion.
These factors are all related to variability that is introduced by the mobility
of the user and the wide range of environments that may be encountered
.as a result

In wireless communications, multipath is the propagation

phenomenon that results in radio signals reaching the receiving antenna
by two or more paths. Causes of mutipath include atmospheric, ducting,
ionospheric reflection, refraction, and reflection from terrestrial objects
such as mountains and buildings. The reflected signals arrive at the
receiver with random phase offsets, because each reflection generally
follows a different path to reach the user’s receiver. The result is random
signal fades as the reflections destructively (and constructively)
superimpose on one another, which effectively cancels part of the energy
signal for brief periods. The degree of cancellation or fading will depend

3
on the delay spread of the reflected signals, as embodied by their relative
.phases and their relative power

In this project, I want to study and identify the Orthogonal Frequency

Division Multiplexing (OFDM) that gives the best BER performance in a
.multipath fading environment using various Modulations and channels

OBJECTIVES

To study a concept of Orthogonal Frequecy Division Multiplexing .1

.(OFDM), Transmission technology

.To study the modulation schemes for OFDM systems .2

To design and evaluate Orthogonal Frequency Division .3

Multiplexing (OFDM) in different Channels and modulation
(techniques using computer simulation (MATLAB

To obtain the power spectral density (PSD), BER, and PAPR reduction .4
results with respect to different types of Channels and modulation
.schemes

To compare between the theoretical and simulation results .5

4
RESEARCH METHODOLOG

Literature reviewing .1

Studying types of modulation schemes in OFDM systems .2

Generating OFDM system using MATLAB .3

.Performing power spectral density (PSD), BER, and PAR results .4

TOOLS

MATLAB tools

REFERENCES

J.H. Stott :The effects of frequency errors in OFDM. BBC R&D .1

.Report BBC RD 1995/15

P. Shelswell : The COFDM Modulation System. BBC Report .2

.BBC RD 1996/8

J. Stott :The effect of phase noise in COFDM, BBC R&D .3

Explaining some magic of OFDM .4

J. Proakis : Digital Communications, McGrawHill .5

Sari, Karam, Jeanclaude : Transmission techniques for digital .6

terrestrial TV broadcasting ; IEEE communications magazine Febr
1995 vol.33 no.2

P. Duhamel : Le système de transmission du projet DAB : .7

Porteuses orthogonales (OFDM) Lazlo Hazy : Initial Channel

5
Estimation and Frame Synchronization in OFDM Systems for
. Frequency Selective Channels

L. W. Couch, Digital and Analog Communication Systems. 6th .8

.ed. Singapore: Pearson Education, 2002

D. A. Wegandt, Z. Wu, and C. R. Nassar, \High through- put,.9

high performance OFDM via pseudo-orthogonal carrier inter-
formely spreading codes", IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 51, no.7, pp.
.1123{1134, 2003

A. F. Molish, Wideband Wireless Digital Communications. .10

.Singa- pore: Pearson Education, 2003, Chapt. 18 and 20

Prasad : Universal Wireless Personal Communications ; Artech.11

House

P.Humblet : Telecommunications ; Eurecom course notes Spring.12

1998

G. Caire : Wireless Communications ; Eurecom course notes 1999.13

M. A. Saeed, B. M. Ali, and M. H. Habaebi, \Performance .14

evaluation of OFDM scenes over multipath fading channel", in Asia-
.Paci c Conf. Commun. APCC, Malaysia, 2003, pp. 415{419