MANGO

1.

INTRODUCTION

Mango (

Mangifera indica

L.) belonging to Family Anacardiaceae is the most importantcommercially grown fruit crop of the country. It is called the king of fruits. India has therichest collection of mango cultivars.

2.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of the study is to promote commercial cultivation of the crop by smalland middle scale farmers by projecting a one acre bankable model project.

3.

BACKGROUND

1.1

3.1

Origin

Cultivation of mango is believed to have originated in S.E. Asia. Mango is beingcultivated in southern Asia for nearly six thousand years.

1.2

3.2

Area & Production

India ranks first among world’s mango producing countries accounting for about 50% of the world’s mango production. Other major mango producing countries include China,Thailand, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, Indonesia, Brazil, Nigeria and Egypt. India’sshare is around 52% of world production i.e. 12 million tonnes as against world’sproduction of 23 million tonnes (2002-03).An increasing trend has been observed in world mango production averaging 22 millionmetric tonnes per year. Worldwide production is mostly concentrated in Asia, accountingfor 75% followed by South and Northern America with about 10% share. Area under cultivation and production trends of mangoes in India during 1997-98 to2001-02 are depicted in graphs 1 & 2. Major producing States are Andhra Pradesh,Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and WestBengal. Other States where mangoes are grown include Madhya Pradesh, Kerala,Haryana, Punjab etc.

(Ref. Table-1)

Graph-1: Cultivated Area under mangoes during 1997-98to 2001-02

15761519148714021385125013001350140014501500155016001997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02

Period

A r e a ( ' 0 0 0 H a . )

Graph-2 : Production trend of mangoes during1997-98 to 2001-02

100201005710504978210234920096001000010400108001997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02

Period

P r o d u c t i o n ( ' 0 0 0 M

The state-wise area and production of mangoes are given in

Table 1

below:

Table 1 : State-wise Area, Production & Productivityof Mangoes during 2001-02

StateArea(‘000 Ha.)Production(‘000 MT)

Andhra Pradesh341.22445.8Uttar Pradesh253.01950.0Maharashtra164.4559.0Bihar139.31253.5Karnataka115.41130.6Tamil Nadu110.8438.7Orissa107.3402.4West Bengal65.4585.0Gujarat65.3457.6Others213.7797.6

TOTAL1575.810020.2

Source : Database of National Horticulture Board, Ministry of Agriculture , Govt. of India.

The crop accounts for 39% of area under fruit corps in India and 23% of production of these crops.

1.3

3.3

Economic Importance

The fruit is very popular with the masses due to its wide range of adaptability, highnutritive value, richness in variety, delicious taste and excellent flavour. It is a richsource of vitamin A and C. The fruit is consumed raw or ripe. Good mango varietiescontain 20% of total soluble sugars. The acid content of ripe desert fruit varies from 0.2to 0.5 % and protein content is about 1 %.

Raw fruits of local varieties of mango trees are used for preparing various traditionalproducts like raw slices in brine, amchur, pickle, murabba, chutney, panhe (sharabat)etc. Presently, the raw fruit of local varieties of mango are used for preparing pickle andraw slices in brine on commercial scale while fruits of Alphonso variety are used for squash in coastal western zone. The wood is used as timber, and dried twigs are used for religious purposes. The mangokernel also contains about 8-10% good quality fat which can be used for saponification.Its starch is used in confectionery industry.Mango also has medicinal uses. The ripe fruit has fattening, diuretic and laxativeproperties. It helps to increase digestive capacity.

4.

MARKET ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY

4.1

Demand and Supply patterns

4.1.1

World Trade

Among internationally traded tropical fruits, mango ranks only second to pineapple inquantity and value. Major markets for fresh and dried mangoes in 1998 were: Malaysia,Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong and the Netherlands, while for canned mango were:Netherlands, Australia, United Kingdom, Germany, France and USA.Southeast Asian buyers consume mangoes all year round. Their supplies come mainlyfrom India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia and mostrecently South Africa.Each exporting country has its own varieties, which differ in shape, colour and flavour.Prices are very low for Indonesian and Thailand fruit and are on the higher side for Indian fruit. In the United States of America, the prices vary with the season, higher prices found during February and March, when mango availability is lowest.Most international trade in fresh mangoes takes place within short distances. Mexico,Haiti and Brazil account for the majority of North America’s imports.

India and Pakistanare the predominant suppliers to the West Asian market.

Southeast Asian countriesget most of their supplies from the Philippines and Thailand. European Union buyerssource mangoes from South America and Asia. Although Asia accounts for 75 percent of world production, its dominance does not translate into international trade.

4.1.2

International Markets for Indian Mango