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12

Dr. V. Rajagopal had his early education at Kavali. He did his B.A. in Vivekananda Col/ege, Madras. Then he moved to Delhi and did his M.Phil in Jawaharlal Nehru University. He got his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, U.S.A. under the guidance of Prot Velheru Narayana Rao. He worked fOI sometime as a journalist in Indian Express. He took up teaching line last year and joined as Asst. Professor in History in the University ot Hyderabad. He published a few articles in academic journals like Studies In History, Indian Economic and Sociality History Review etc.

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