Generic name Ceftazidime

Brand name Tazidime

Classification • Antibiotic
• Cephalosporin (third generation)
Dosage 0-4 weeks (<1200 g): 50 mg/kg/dose IV q12h
< 7d (>1200 g): 50 mg/kg/dose IV q12h
>7d (>1200 g): 50 mg/kg/dose IV q8h
Mechanism of Action ♥ Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall, causing cell
death.
Indication ☻ CNS infections
Contraindication ☼ Contraindicated to patients with allergies to penicillins,
cepahlosporins.
Adverse Effects CNS: Headache, dizziness, thethargies, paresthesias
GI: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain,
flatulence, psuedomembranous colitis, liver toxicity
GU: Nephrotoxicity
Hematologic: bone marrow depression- decreased WBC,
decreased platelets, decrease Hct
Hypersensitivity: ranging from rash to fever to
anaphylaxis, serum sickness reaction
Local: Pain, abscess at injection site, phlebitis,
inflammation at IV site
Other: Superinfections, disulfiram-like reactions with
alcohol
Nursing Intervention ☻ Assess for liver and renal dysfunction
and Precautions ☻ Culture infection, and arrange sensitivity tests before
and during therapy if expected response is not seen.
Warning:
☻ Do not mix with aminoglycoside solutions, administer
these drugs separately.
☻ Powder and reconstituted solution darken with
storage.
☻ Have Vit. K available in case hypoprothrombinemia
occurs
☻ Discontinue if hypersensitivity occurs
☻ Teach SO that patients may experience upset stomach
or diarrhea but must report severe diarrhea, difficulty
breathing, fatigue, pain at injection site.
Generic name Sodium Bicarbonate
Brand name Sodium Bicarbonate Injection 4.2%
Classification Urinary alkalinizer, System alkalinizer, Electrolyte,
Antacid
Dosage Resuscitation: 2 mEq/kg IV over 3-5 minutes.
*Full correction of metabolic acidosis=Wt (kg) x Base
deficit (mEq/L) x 0.3 = mEq of HCO3. Give ½ of this dose.
Mechanism of Action ♥ Treats metabolic acidosis. Give slowly over several
hours for VLBW. Must have adequate ventilation. Do not
give in presence of hypercarbia.
Indication ☻Treatment of metabolic acidosis; promotion of gastric,
systemic, and urinary alkalinization; replacement therapy
in severe diarrhea; used to reduce incidence of chemical
phlebitis (used as neutralizing additive solution).

Contraindication ☼ Loss of chloride from vomiting or continuous GI suction

when patient is receiving diuretics known to produce
hypochloremic alkalosis; metabolic and respiratory
alkalosis; hypocalcemia in which alkalosis may produce
tetany, hypertension, convulsions, or CHF; when
administration of sodium could be clinically detrimental.

Adverse Effects
Cardiovascular

Exacerbation of CHF.

GI

Rebound hyperacidity; milk-alkali syndrome.

Lab Tests

Hypernatremia; alkalosis.

Miscellaneous

Extravasation with cellulitis, tissue necrosis, ulceration,

and sloughing; local pain; venous irritation; tetany;
edema.

Nursing Intervention • Instruct patient not to take medication with milk

and Precautions because renali calculi can develop.

• Explain need to avoid OTC medications

containing sodium bicarbonate, such as Alka-Seltzer
. Excessive use of sodium bicarbonate can result in
increase acid secretion or systemic alkalosis.