(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 9, No.4, April 2011
An Investigation of QoS in Ubiquitous Network Environments
Aaqif Afzaal Abbasi, Mureed Hussain
Abstract
— Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning isa critical issue when it is applied to networks,consisting of different Architectures, Schemas andTechnologies. The Resource Reservation ControlMechanisms and the ability of Priority Assignmentup to desired Performance levels are must forensuring QoS Standards. The paper briefly reviewsQoS framework Architectures and derive theirshortcomings for improvement in Degradation/ Attenuation and Network Service CongestionControl issues in Ubiquitous NetworkEnvironments.
Keyword
: QoS, Ubiquitous, Mobility, Handover,Performance, HeterogenousNetworks.
I.
I
NTRODUCTION
As Network technologies, Services andApplications are developing rapidly; the aim hasshifted from market capturing and financial goalsto delivering Quality of Service (QoS) that isbetter or equal to its previous technology andlegacy equipment.The Service provider networks have trustedbrands for which maintenance is critical. Thechallenge of making communication simpler andcheaper, with its availability and flexibility toadapt to new technology/ service environments,gave rise to ubiquitous networked computinginfrastructures.It is considered , that the recent evolution inwireless networks would help in utilizingdifferent access technologies like theWLAN(standard 802.11x), WWANs such asGeneral Packet Radio Service (GPRS), UniversalMobile Telecommunications System (UMTS),Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) andWiMAX (World Wide Interoperability forMicrowave Access), Wireless Mesh Networksand other emerging access technologies. Themain focus of collaboration of miscellaneouswireless technologies is providing Ubiquitousaccess to highly demanded services. Each one of above mentioned technology has its ownspecification in term of QoS level, Coveragearea, Bandwidth, Congestion control mechanismand Cost. The incoming Mobile Terminals(MTs), like the smart phones and PDAs, wouldbe capable of Multimode Access Interface insupporting different types of radio accesstechnologies on single equipment [8].Qualities of Service (QoS) parameters are keyfactor in development of new technologies. TheQoS specifications and Interoperability basedQoS parameters are gaining importance asnetworks become interconnected and a largenumber of operators and providers interact todeliver communications using one-for-allinfrastructure.The fast induction of cellular systems in ournormal life, in addition to the large scale Internetbandwidth consumption has made us think forconvergence mechanism trend for supportingInternet mobile users [3].In this paper, we shall study the researchbeing performed for QoS enhancement inUbiquitous Networks. The papers reviewed wereanalyzed for common problems being faced inQoS achievement. Section 2 briefly explains thework conducted, in comparison to their derivedresults summary. Section 3 will judge reviewedpapers in context of Strengths and Limitations.We will conclude this paper Section 4 and woulddirect guidelines for future in Section 5.II.
L
ITERATURE
R
EVIEW
The paper reviews Quality of ServiceInfrastructures for Ubiquitous Network Environments in prospect of Efficiency,Authenticity and Compatibility. The work underlines the research being done in deliveringQuality of Services for WWANs, PersonalUbiquitous Environments, Wireless MeshNetworks and GPRS based technologies.In [1], the authors explore the design of anefficient imperative handover mechanism usingthe Y-Comm Framework. It also underlines thedevelopment of a new test bed to furtherinvestigate the proposed mechanism.The paper explored the reactive policies byusing the Cambridge Wireless Test bed withsimulations results.
21http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 9, No.4, April 2011
The paper’s proposed mechanism has startedoperations on Y-Comm test bed for algorithmicmechanisms including the Vertical Handover.The paper briefly expressed the mechanismfor support of efficient vertical handover usingthe Y-Comm Framework. The authors believethat adoption of their proposed mechanism wouldenhance the seamless connectivity issues. Theyare proceeding to build a test bed for performanceevaluation of their proposed design in a realenvironment.The paper discussed detailed results andpresented improvement methods in Handoverperformance. It also highlighted the developmentof a new test bed for further investigation of proposed mechanisms.The proposed mechanism is not yet tested in areal environment. Proactive policies discussedhave only been tested through simulation values.
Figure 1: Proactive handover and itssequence.[1]
In [2] the authors focused the handover issueof QoS. They proposed to devise a framework that encapsulates the issue of heterogeneity ingeneral and handover in specific. The proposedmodel resembles the structure of OSI model soas to clearly mark the layers and theirfunctionality.The proposed layout consists of 7 layersnamely Hardware Platform Layer, Network Abstraction Layer, Vertical Handover Layer,Policy Management Layer, Network TransportLayer, Quality of Service (QoS) Layer, andfinally the Application Environment Layer.
Figure 2: Conceptual Layered structure from[2]
A proactive system working on the basis of simulated environment and mathematicalmodeling is used for development of mathematical models for Time before VerticalHandover in upward handover scenario withWLAN network in range and making itunavailable on the basis of velocity andtrajectory of the mobile node.A precise definition of a context as well asinterstitial functions is being made. The work ismore focused on examining End-to-EndTransport issues. The aim is to first develop aflexible method for network specification anddefinition of characteristics like addressing andnaming.The paper models an algorithm for allowingusers to quantify their amount of bandwidthusage prior to their proceedings for a journey.The current available networks have the abilityto respond the described handoff techniques.The proposed concept has not yet finalizedthe proactive policy mechanisms as the coveragemaps of ubiquitous networks componentnetworks are being built at University of Cambridge.In [3], a study result to determine FastHandovers for Mobile IPv6 under extreme casesin comparison with the Baseline Mobile IPv6,for a hot spot public environment was conducted.
22http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 9, No.4, April 2011
The paper discusses protocol behavior andperformance level of Fast Handovers for MobileIPv6 (FMIPv6) with respect to baseline MobileIPv6 (MIPv6) protocol. The focus was mainlylaid on evaluating two parameters:1.
Degradation of QoS a mobile userperceives during a handoff / data streamreception (Video or VoIP).2.
Signaling load costs related to MobileIPv6 and its enhancement.Interest was targeted in performance metrics likehandoff latency, packet loss rate, obtainedbandwidth per station and signaling load.Varying traffic source impacts were related(CBR, video, VoIP and TCP transfers).The scenario chosen in the case study issimilar to a ‘building block’ of a potentialwireless LAN ‘hot spot’. With composition of around four access routers and up to 50 mobilenodes moving randomly across it, andcontinuously communicating like the IEEE802.11 wireless LAN standard.The Random Waypoint Mobility Model wasused for the random movement.The study considered various impactparameters like mobile nodes number, rate of handoffs, correspondent nodes number, unwiredlink delays, movements and protocol optionsover performance metrics.As the topic gets complexity and broadnesswith respect to time, simulation was chosen asthe most suitable analysis method by using NS 2simulator.Though the analysis performed is a deepinsight on overall system performance of protocols and their causes, the results providedquantitative results for Mobile IPv6 and FastHandovers for Mobile IPv6 of the overall systemperformance. It checked whether or not theyperformed as expected in a real scenario? Itprovided the reasoning behind the impact of theparameters over the performance of bothprotocols in saturation and no saturationconditions where the behavior was different tothe expected one.The study is a simulation result and havemissed practical major parameters like angledeviation attenuation, whether dependent factorsand many more.
Figure 3: An Access Point Distribution for aSimulation Scenario from [3]
In [4], the authors proposed a new QoSControl Architecture, where optimum pair of Access Network and route in Core Network isselected per communication flow channel, eachrequiring a Quality of Service assurance. On thebasis of the Access network, Core routing status,and costs were calculated.The architecture defined, is laid on a mesh of Access Network’s selection technology, CoreRoute Selection mechanism, RoutingManagement Strategy Permissions.Based on the QoS End-to-End EnsuredCommunication, an Architecture is presentedwhere focus is laid on Dynamic InformationCorrection, Admission Control, Route Selection,Route Control and End Terminal MovementDetection.The route selection algorithm explains the
23http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
Search History:
Result 00 of 00
00 results for result for
p.
An Investigation of QoS in Ubiquitous Network Environments
Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning is a critical issue when it is applied to networks, consisting of different Architectures, Schemas and Technologies. The Resource Reservation Control Mechanisms and the ability of Priority Assignment up to desired…
(More)
556
Reads
0
Readcasts
2
Embed Views
Get Scribd Mobile
To get Scribd mobile enter your number and we'll send you a link to the Scribd app for iPhone & Android.We've sent a link to the Scribd app. If you didn't receive it, try again.
We'll never share your phone number.
More From This User
Notes
Load more
