.
Determinate the traveling speed of object in each adjacent pair of frames Now the average traveling speed is therequired speedTaking Input video sequence containingmoving objectsProcess the video sequence to get theall framesProcess each frame to detect all themoving objects from the backgroundsceneDetect the target moving object andFind out the coordinate position of theobject
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the proposed speed determination of moving object.
Determination of the Traveling Speed of a MovingObject of a Video Using Background Extraction andRegion Based Segmentation
Md. Shafiul Azam
Lecturer, Dept. of Computer Scienceand Engineering,Pabna Science and TechnologyUniversity, Pabna, Bangladesh.shahincseru@gmail.com
Md. Rashedul Islam
Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Computer Science and EngineeringLeading UniversitySylhet,Bangladeshrashed.cse@gmail.com
Md. Omar Faruqe
Lecturer, Dept. of Computer Scienceand Engineering,Rajshahi UniversityRajshahi, Bangladeshfaruqe.cse@gmail.com
Abstract
—
This paper is concerned with the determination of thetraveling speed of a moving object of a video clip based onsubsequent object detection techniques. After preprocessing of the original image sequence, which is sampled from the videocamera, the target moving object is detected with the improvedalgorithm in which the moving object region can be extractedcompletely through several processing of background extractionand region based segmentation such as region-connection, region-merging, and region-clustering methods. Among the multiplemoving objects of the video, the target object has been detectedbased on particular criteria of region that it occupies. Then theresults of these processing can be used to determine the travelingspeed of the target moving object from changes of its coordinateposition from the video frames. Among the different video fileformat, Audio Video Interleaved (AVI) format has been used toexamine our experiments.
Keywords-Background Extraction; Region Based Segmentation;Reference Image, Speed Determination.
I.
I
NTRODUCTION
To determinate the traveling speed of a selected movingobject of a video clip, one have to process video clips to get allthe frames and also process all the images getting from videoclip to extract the object region in each frame in a systematicway. The initial focus of research efforts in this field was onthe development of object detection method for detecting theobject with certain coordinate position in an image. There areso many techniques for object detection, but no one is efficientfor all kind of object as well as, all the object detectiontechniques is not efficient for the same object in the real world.So still now it has not a final stage that may stop the works inthat field. In this paper it is described that BackgroundExtraction and Region Based Segmentation for detect a movingobject for determination the traveling speed of that object froma given suitable video sequence. The advantages of thesetechniques are simplicity, fault tolerance, and efficient for acustomized moving object. The key idea of BackgroundExtraction is to extract the static background from theforeground containing some movable image objects that are to be detected. After this, the region based segmentation works asthe objects in the image are differentiated by its boundaryregion and the regions are filled, finally the centered location isfind out for identifying that object. Finally the traveling speedof that moving object is determined by calculating the changesits coordinate position in each frame in the video sequence.II.
PROPOSED
SPEED
DETERMINATION
PROCESSFirst, The proposed speed determination system of amoving object shown in Fig. 1 consists of processing the videoclip, after getting all frame of the video, each frame of thevideo is processed and find out the coordinate position of eachobject of the frame and finally determinate the speed of targetobject from its shifting position . Brief details of eachcomponent are described in the following sections.
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 9, No. 4, April 201135http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
III.
INPUT
VIDEO
PROCESSINGBefore you begin to format your paper, first write and saveA video signal is a sequence of two dimensional (2D) images projected from a dynamic three dimensional (3D) scene ontothe image plane of a video camera. The color value at any pointin a video frame records the emitted or reflected light at a particular 3D point in the observed scene. To understand whatthe color value means physically, we review in this section basics of light physics and describe the attributes thatcharacterize light and its color Video clip from the video camera is taken and process it asneeded to convert AVI format and get all the frames of thatvideo clip which are inputted to the next phase of this work.IV.
DETECTION
OF
ALL
MOVING
OBJECTSDetection of all moving objects is composed of the procedure Background Extraction and Region BasedSegmentation which is the most important part of this work andis given bellow:
A.
Background Extraction
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they areBackground extraction is the process of distinguishing novel(foreground) from non-novel (background) elements in a scenefrom a video sequence [3]. Movement detection would besufficient to different application. But we can nonethelessspecify two characteristics that we would like to find in anyalgorithm: real time processing and real environment performance.In this paper, we have used a simple model for extracting background from each frame in the video sequence withrespect to a reference image that is given just later.For detecting object in Speed analysis can be viewed asthree different problems [3].* The first is the case when the camera is moving and theobjects in the world are stationary. In this case, the extractionof camera motion is a challenge.* In the second case, the camera is stationary, and objects inthe world are moving.* It is the combination of the two, where both the cameraand some objects in the world are moving.As, in our work the camera is stationary, so second case isapplicable to this point. Different algorithm is usually appliedin the second case. In this case, difference algorithm can bedivided into two types: one is difference between continuousimages; the other is difference between current image and background images. For difference between current image and background image, suppose that the gray value of currentimage at position (x, y) is f (x, y), the gray value of backgroundimage at position (x, y) is b(x, y), the difference betweenimages can be written as:(1)For difference between continuous images, suppose thatthe gray value of image at position (x, y) at time t is f (x, y, t),the gray value of image at position (x, y) at time t+1 is f(x, y,t+1), the difference between images can be written as:(2)
B.
Reference Image
Maximum algorithms for speed detection using backgroundextraction proposed a reference image is need to compare thecurrent image in each frame to detect all the moving objects inthe video sequence. In our experiments, in this point of viewwe have used the still image as the reference image gettingfrom the stationary camera just a few ago of taking the videosequence for the moving objects. This is the most generalsolution and requires the least amount of computations. For most applications however, the reference image may beupdated as the scene might change.
C.
Region based segmentation
The objective of segmentation is to partition an image intoregions. When a moving object is segmented, a region of pixelsassigned to the object is available. This region can be trackedusing approaches like cross-correlation. The location of theregion in the next frame is to be determined. A moving objectusually corresponds to one or several tracked regions.Combination of several regions to one object is then performedat a higher level of abstraction [1].Basic formulation: Let R represent the entire image region.We may view segmentation as a process that partitions R into n
sub regions, R1, R2, R3…..Rn such that
a) b)
Ri
is a connected region,
i=1, 2, 3………….,n.
c)
Rj Ri
= for all i and j, i ≠ j.
d)
)(
RiP
= TRUE for i=1, 2…., n.
e)
)(
Rj RiP
= FALSE for i ≠ j.
),(),(),(
y xb y x f y xd
),,()1,,(),(
t y xbt y x f y xd
Image with moving objectsReference Image
Resultant Image of backgroundextraction
Fig 2: Background Extraction
R Ri
ni
1
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 9, No. 4, April 201136http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
Here
)(
RiP
is a logical predicate defined over the points in set
Ri
and Ø is the null set.V.
DETECTION
OF
THE
TARGET
OBJECT
AND
FIND
OUT
ITS
POSITIONTo identify a single object as target object with its 2Dcoordinate position from multiple object in each frame from avideo sequence, our algorithm always detect the object that isoccupied the maximum region. So, when we will take the videosequence for speed determination of the target object, we willfocus on the target object as much as possible that the objectwill occupy maximum region compared to the other movingobject. And of course the camera must static. To identify the position of the target object in each frame of input videosequence the centered point of the total region that is occupied by the object have been considered as reference point.In the similar way, the reference point of target object ineach frame of the video is find out and stores these positions.Finally from these positions, the movement of target object ismeasured and the traveling speed is calculated according to thespeed calculation procedure.
A.
Procedure for object detection
1
for i=0 to (totalFrame-1) doa.
Read frame[i], b.
take the reference image, rImg,c.
Update frame[i] using Extract background by rImg,d.
process frame[i] as follows :i.
Determine the connected components.1.
Run-length encodes the input image.2.
Scan the runs, assigning preliminary labels andrecording label equivalences in a localequivalence table.3.
Resolve the equivalence classes. Relabel theruns based on the resolved equivalence classes.ii.
Compute the area of each component.iii.
Remove small objects bellow a threshold.e.
Create morphological structuring element, i.e.;Assign the structuring element as follows:f.
Close the binary image by the structuring element.g.
Measure image regionsh.
Find the maximum regioni.
Identify the centered location (x , y) of that region. j.
Return x-coordinate value and y-coordinate value.k.
End.VI.
DETERMINATION
OF
THE
TRAVELING
SPEED
OF
A
SELECTED
MOVING
OBJECTSeveral methods for speed determination of somecustomized moving object from video sequence havedeveloped to date. All of the methods required to detect theimage object due to the positional shift in each frame in thegiven video clip. In our work our proposed method is quitesimple and efficient to determinate the traveling speed of themoving object from video sequence. In this method, firstly, weneed to detect the target object that moves from initial frame tothe last frame in the given video clip that has already beendiscussed above.A sample traveling path of a target object and its coordinate position is shown bellow:Our algorithm will work for traveling of object in case of straight line path as well as curvature path approximately. Thespeed of a moving object is defined as the total amount of distance traveling in unit time.
A.
A. Mathematical evaluation for traveling speed determination
Let
121
.,,.........,
n
f f f
, are the n frames getting fromthe processed input video sequence, Then we process the each
Improved Image withmultiple objectsImproved Image withtarget object
Improved Image with indicatingcentered location of ObjectFig 4: Target object detection
10100
01110
11111
01110
00100
Figure 5: Sample traveling path of a moving object
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 9, No. 4, April 201137http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
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Determination of the Traveling Speed of a Moving Object of a Video Using Background Extraction and Region Based Segmentation
This paper is concerned with the determination of the traveling speed of a moving object of a video clip based on subsequent object detection techniques. After preprocessing of the original image sequence, which is sampled from…
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