Professional Documents
Culture Documents
21 June, 1999 1
• Historical Perspective
* Craftsmanship
* Industrial Revolution
* Taylor System
• Inspection Departments
• Statistical Quality Control (SQC)
* Probability and Sample Inspection
* Shewhart Control Charts
• World War II and the Quality Movement
21 June, 1999 2
1.2 Contractual Intent
This specification requires the establishment of a
quality program by the contractor to assure compliance
with the requirements of this contract. The program
and procedures used to implement this specification
shall be developed by the contractor.
• Quality Assurance
* Quality Engineering
* Quality Control
* Metrology
* Failure Analysis
21 June, 1999 4
• Chain Reaction: Quality, Productivity,
Lower costs, Capture the Market
21 June, 1999 5
Design
Consumer
and
Suppliers of research
redesign
materials and Receipt and Consumers
equipment test of Distribution
A materials
C
D
21 June, 1999 8
Quality
Productivity
Lower Costs
Stay in Business
•Deming’s 14 Points
• Crosby - “Quality is Free”
• Juran - Breakthrough Quality
• Xerox - Benchmarking
• Taguchi - Loss Function
• Motorola - Six sigma
21 June, 1999 9
THE EARLY DAYS OF MOTOROLA’S SIX SIGMA
100X
10X
Q Q Q
Key Goals
• Increased Global Market Share
• Best-in-Class
* people
* marketing
* manufacturing
* technology
*product/service
21 June, 1999 10
• Six Sigma
• Total Cycle Time Reduction
• Product and Manufacturing Leadership
• Profit Improvement
• Participative Management within, and
Cooperation between Organizations
21 June, 1999 11
• Sigma is a measure of “goodness: the capability
of a process to produce perfect work.
• The higher the sigma level, the lower the defect rate.
21 June, 1999 12
• Sigma allows comparison of products and services
of varying complexity on an apples to apples basis.
21 June, 1999 13
Number of defects per
million opportunities Associated
for error sigma level
66,810 3.0
22,750 3.5
6,210 4.0
1,350 4.5
233 5.0
32 5.5
3.4 6.0
21 June, 1999 14
1,000,000
100,000
10,000
Average
Company
1,000
100
10
Best-in-Class
1
2 3 4 5 6 7
21 June, 1999 15
Step1: Identify the product you create or the service
you provide.
21 June, 1999 16
Human Resources: reduce the number of requisitions
unfilled after 30 days.
21 June, 1999 17
68.26 percent
95.46 percent
99.73 percent
21 June, 1999 18
MM74
21 June, 1999 19
u-6 u-5 u-4 u-3 u-2 u-1 s u u+1 u+2s u+3 u+4 u+5 u+6
68.26%
95.44%
99.73%
99.993%
99.999943%
99.999998%
21 June, 1999 20
Product and
Service
•Japanese
Deming Award Excellence
•Aerospace Ind.
AS 9000 •Malcolm Baldrige
National Quality Award
•ISO 9000 International
•Automotive Ind.
Quality Standards
QS 9000
•Motorola’s
•Mil Q 9858 A Six Sigma
Quality Program •Boeing AQS
D1 9000
•Craftsmen
self-inspection •UK Quality System
BS 5750
•Inspection
Departments
21 June, 1999 21
• IPPD/IPT
• Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
• Robust Design
• Design of Experiments (DOE)
• Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA)
• Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA)
• Loss Function
• Key Characteristics
• Measurement System Analysis
• Variability Reduction
• Statistical Process Control
• Process Capability
• Lean Manufacturing
• Cost of Quality
21 June, 1999
•Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing 22
• LEADERSHIP COMMITMENT
* Time
* Effort
* Resources
• Process 0wners
• Metrics
21 June, 1999 24
• Reengineering
• Benchmarking
• Problem solving
• Team leader/facilitator
• Statistical tools
21 June, 1999 25