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General Certificate of Education
Chemistry 1421
Mark Scheme
2009 examination - June series
Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the
relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any
amendments made at the standardisation meeting attended by all examiners and is the scheme
which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation meeting ensures that the
mark scheme covers the candidates’ responses to questions and that every examiner
understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for the standardisation
meeting each examiner analyses a number of candidates’ scripts: alternative answers not
already covered by the mark scheme are discussed at the meeting and legislated for. If, after
this meeting, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been discussed at the
meeting they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner.
It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further
developed and expanded on the basis of candidates’ reactions to a particular paper.
Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be
avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change,
depending on the content of a particular examination paper.
Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available to download from the AQA Website: www.aqa.org.uk
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
M3 With all reactants and products / all substances in 1 Ignore reference to 1 atmosphere
standard states
OR
All reactants and products / all substances in normal
states under standard conditions / 100 kPa / 1 bar and
specified T / 298 K
2 (a) (ii) By definition 1
OR
Because they are elements
2 (a) (iii) M1 ΔHr = ∑ΔHf (products) - ∑ΔHf (reactants) 1 Correct answer gains full marks.
Assume the value is positive unless
M2 = -1669 - 3(-558) 1 specifically stated as negative.
(This also scores M1) Credit 1 mark if – 5 (kJ mol-1).
For other incorrect or incomplete answers,
M3 =(+) 5 (kJ mol-1) 1 proceed as follows:
• check for an arithmetic error (AE),
which is either a transposition error or an
incorrect multiplication; this would score 2
marks (M1 and M2)
• If no AE, check for a correct
method; this requires either a correct
cycle with 3BaO OR a clear statement of
M1 which could be in words and scores
only M1
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
Therefore ΔH = (-) 2.69 OR (-) 2.7(0) (kJ mol-1) Ignore greater numbers of significant
figures (2.69496)
Subtraction in M1 is CE
3 (b) One from: 1
• No account has been taken of the intermolecular forces Any statement which shows that there are
initially in the two liquids OR each liquid has its own other intermolecular forces to consider.
intermolecular forces in operation before mixing. Ignore heat loss and ignore poor mixing.
• The liquids may react or reference to reaction or
reference to bonds broken or formed
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
4 (d) (i) An activity which has no net / overall (annual) carbon emissions 1 The idea that the carbon / CO2 given out
to the atmosphere equals the carbon / CO2 that was taken in
OR
An activity which has no net / overall (annual) greenhouse gas Ignore carbon monoxide
emissions to the atmosphere.
OR
There is no change in the total amount of carbon dioxide /
carbon /greenhouse gas present in the atmosphere.
4 (d) (ii) A method which shows (see below) OR states in words that two 1
times the first equation + the second equation gives the correct
ratio.
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
Environmental: 1
• Reduces greenhouse gas / CO2 / SO2 emission.
• Reduces acid rain
• Reduces mining
• Reduces landfill
• Removes an eyesore
5 (b) (i) M1 Use of Cl2 and C
EITHER 2 Or multiples
Ignore state symbols
TiO2 + 2Cl2 + 2C TiCl4 + 2CO
OR
TiO2 + 2Cl2 + C TiCl4 + CO2
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
EITHER 2 Or multiples
TiCl4 + 4Na Ti + 4NaCl Ignore state symbols
OR
TiCl4 + 2Mg Ti + 2MgCl2
5 (b) (iii) One from 1
• TiC / carbide is produced
• Product is brittle
• Product is a poor engineering material
5 (c) (i) One from 1
To allow
• ions to move
• current to flow
• it to conduct electricity
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
5 (c) (iv) Recycling involves lower electricity OR less energy 1 Ignore references to raw materials
consumption Assume that “it” means recycling
OR The answer MUST show some evidence
The converse for electrolysis of comparison e.g. lower or less
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
M2 Silver fluoride / AgF is soluble (in water) 1 Do not penalise the spelling “flouride”
6 (c) M1 Yellow precipitate 1 Both words needed for M1
OR Ignore “pale” as a prefix before “yellow”
Yellow solid
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
M1 Must show an arrow from the double bond towards one 4 Deduct 1 mark for sticks.
of the Br atoms on a Br-Br molecule.
Deduct 1 mark for wrong reactant, but
M2 Must show the breaking of the Br-Br bond. mark consequentially.
If HBr, mark the mechanism
M3 Is for the structure of the secondary carbocation with Br consequentially and deduct one mark
substituent. If but-1-ene, mark the mechanism
consequentially and deduct one mark.
M4 Must show an arrow from the lone pair of electrons on a If both HBr and but-1-ene, mark the
negatively charged bromide ion towards the positively mechanism consequentially and deduct
charged carbon atom. ONLY one mark.
7 (c) (i) M1 Compounds with the same structural formula 1 Penalise M1 if “same structure”
Ignore references to “same molecular
formula” or “same empirical formula”
M2 With atoms/bonds/groups arranged differently in space 1 Mark independently.
OR
atoms/bonds/groups have different spatial
arrangements/ different orientation.
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
M1 Must show an arrow from the lone pair of electrons Penalise M1 if covalent KCN is used
on the carbon atom of the negatively charged
Penalise M2 for formal charge on C or
cyanide ion to the central C atom. incorrect partial charges
M2 Must show the movement of a pair of electrons from Penalise once only for a line and two dots
the C-Br bond to the Br atom. Mark M2 to show a bond.
independently.
Max 1 mark for the wrong reactant or
Award full marks for an SN1 mechanism in which M1 is the “sticks”
attack of the cyanide ion on the intermediate carbocation.
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
Mechanism
Penalise M1 if covalent KOH
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
= 51.7% OR 52%
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
10 (c) M1 HBr -1 1
M2 HBrO (+)1 1
M4 Consequential on correct M3 1
OR
to oppose the loss of HBrO
OR
replaces (or implied) the HBrO (that has been used
up)
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
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Chemistry - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2009 June series
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