Seal Environment

密封环境
API Piping Plans
API 冲洗方案
JC Tianjin Training
Module 4.3
© 2001 John Crane EAA November 2004 1
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案
Advantage 优点
- No external piping 没有外部冲洗
Limitations 局限性
- Changing flow rate
required dismantling of pump
改变流量需要拆泵
- For clean pumpages only
只能是适用干净的介质

Integral (internal) recirculation

from pump discharge to seal
内部循环从泵的出口到密封
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案
Points to Note for API Plan 02: API
02 冲洗方案应注意的事项：
- The injection tapping is used for
venting prior to start–up. - 在开车前
，入口用来进行放空
- API plan 02 is often used together
with plan 62, especially on high
temperature bellows seals. 冲洗方案
2 经常与 62 一起用，特别是用在高温
波纹管密封

No flushing to the mechanical seal (‘dead-ended’)

机械密封里没有冲洗
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案
Points to Note for API Plan 11: API
冲洗方案 11 应注意的事项
- Use an orifice to restrict the flow
rate if the discharge pressure is 3
bar higher than seal chamber
pressure. 如出口压力高于密封腔压
力 3bar ，需要用一个孔板限制流量
- Use on clean and low abrasives
duties 用在干净，含磨蚀性颗粒少
的工矿

Seal Flushing By-Pass from Discharge

单密封通过出口进行冲洗
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案
Points to Note for API Plan 13:
API 冲洗方案 13 应注意的事项
- Use an orifice to restrict the flow rate if the seal
chamber pressure is 3 bar higher than suction
pressure. 如果密封腔压力高于入口压力 3bar ，需
要用一个孔限制流量
- handle abrasives duty better than API plan 11
处理含有磨石性颗粒的工矿 13 方案好于 11 方案
- higher seal chamber pressure to suppress
vaporisation 较高的密封腔压力可抑制它的汽化

Recirculation from seal chamber through a flow

control orifice and back to pump suction 从密封
腔里出 , 通过一个孔板返回到泵的入口
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案

+ =
Points to Note for API
Plan 14: API 冲洗方案
14 应注意的事项：

- Flow back to suction

side will evacuate
vapours that may
collect in seal chamber.
- Recommended for light
hydrocarbon service.
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案

Cooling Cooling
Water Water
Inlet 冷水 Outlet 冷
入口 水出口

Heat exchanger
换热器

Recirculation from pump discharge

through a flow control orifice and cooler to seal
Open Loop Cooling Circuit
 API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案
Vent at
Discharge highest Cooling Cooling
出口 point of Water Water
the Inlet 冷 Outlet
水入口 冷水出
piping 排 口
在管线的
最高点

Heat exchanger
换热器

18 - 24"
Suction
入口
mechanical seal
Throat bushing with pumping ring

Recirculation from a pumping ring in the seal chamber through

cooler and back to seal Closed Loop Cooling Circuit 冲洗液通过密
封腔中的泵效环从密封腔中流出经过换热器，再返回到密封中，形成自封
闭循环。形成封闭的冷却回路
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案
Points to note for API Plan 23:

 Thermosyphon design 热虹吸设计

* heat exchanger 换热器
 18 to 24“ above pump centre line.
 在泵中心线以上 18 to 24"
* Prevent overheating in standby and start–up. * 在泵启动和备用时，要防
止过热。
 Install close fitting neck bushing at the bottom of seal chamber to isolate
the heat from the impeller end. 在密封腔底部安装喉部衬套用来隔离从叶轮
传出的热量
 Used on high temperature applications to minimise heat load on the cooler
by cooling only small amount of liquid that is recirculated. 用于高温工况，
通过冷却密封腔的小部分的循环流体来使冷却器的热负荷降至最低 .
 For high temperature boiler feed pump applications 用于高温锅炉给水泵上
 Other applications 其他应用
 * high temperature liquid close to bubble point.
 * 接近沸点的高温液体 .
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案
Clean overflow

Inlet

Underflow

Recirculation from pump discharge through a cyclone separator

delivering clean fluid to the seal and fluid with solids back to pump
suction line 冲洗液从泵出口流出，通过一旋液分离器，使干净流体进入
密封腔，带有颗粒的流体返回到泵入口处形成封闭循环
 API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案

Throat
Bushing

Points to Note for API Plan 32:

对于 API plan 32 须注意 :
- Chose a proper source of seal
flush to eliminate the potential for
vaporisation of the injected fluid
and to avoid contamination of the
fluid being pumped with the
injected flush. 选择合适的密封冲洗
源， 以减少冲洗流体的汽化，同时可
避免冲洗流体被污染。
- Install a labyrinth bushing at the
bottom of the stuffing box to
control the flushing and pressure if
necessary.
- - 如有必要的话，在密封腔底部安装喉
部衬套或迷宫密封来控制冲洗和压力
。

Single Seal Flushing from External Source

单密封通过外部来源进行冲洗
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案

Cooling Cooling
Water Water
Inlet Outlet

Recirculation from pump discharge through a cyclone

separator delivering clean fluid through a cooler and then to
seal and fluid with solids back to pump suction line
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案

Points to Note for API Plan 51: 对于 API plan

51 须注意 :
-- Dead ended blanket on atmospheric side of
seal to prevent freezing of moisture. Seal
face will not stick together when the pump
Needle started. - 在密封大气侧，一端封闭的
情况可防止潮气的冻结，这样
valve 在泵启动时，密封面就不会
粘接在一起。
Typical application : 典型的应用
Pump operating below 0° C 应用于泵在 0°C 以
下
-- API 610 8th Edition has eliminated this
piping plan.API 610 第八版已经取消这个冲洗
方案

External
-- reservoir providing a
dead-ended blanket of fluid to the
quench connection of the gland.
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案
 A fluid used as a lubricant or buffer between
dual mechanical seals. 这种液体象缓冲剂，润滑剂
用在双机械密封
 The buffer fluid is always at a pressure lower
than the pump process pressure being sealed. 缓
冲液的压力通常低于被密封的介质的压力
 A fluid which is introduced between dual mechanical
seals to completely isolate the pump process liquid
from the environment. 双机械密封里的隔离液使泵送的工艺
液体与大气分离
 Pressure of the barrier fluid is always higher than the
pump process pressure being sealed. 隔离液压力总是高
于泵的运作压力

The purpose of fluid circulation

is to remove heat from mechanical seal
 API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案
 Fluid circulation by
temperature difference
between the seal and
reservoir. 流体依靠密封腔
和储罐的温差进行循环 T2
 Higher temperature
liquid at seal has lower
density rises to the
reservoir. 密封中的高温流体
密度较小，依靠热虹吸现象上
升到储罐中
T1
 Lower temperature liquid
Pump
at reservoir has higher
density falls to the seal to
provide cooling. 储罐中的低
温流体密度较大，下降到密封
腔中对密封进行冷却

 On applications below
ambient temperature,
circulation of barrier fluid may
not be desirable. 这种情况适
用于比室温低的工况，隔离液的
循环不能满足要求。 The
atmosphere will heat the
Pumping ring reservoir and
consequently add heat to the
seal area. 外部对储罐进行加热
，从而，对密封区域进行加热。
 API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案

Vent valve 排气阀

(Normally Open) Pressure Gauge 压力计
Orifice Pressure Switch 压力开关
Fill valve
Level Gauge 液位计
Level Switch (H) 液位开关 Points to Note for API Plan 52:

Level Switch (L)  Typically used with an Arrangement 2

unpressurised dual seal. 通常用于不带压双封
 During normal operation, circulation is
maintained by an internal pumping ring. 在正常
操作情况下，通过腔内的泵效环维持循环
 The reservoir is usually continuously vented
to a vapour recovery system and is maintained
at a pressure less than the pressure in the seal
chamber. 储罐通常与回收系统相连通，罐内压力
通常低于密封腔压力

Drain

External reservoir providing buffer fluid for the outer seal

of an unpressurised dual seal arrangement.
外部储罐对不带压双封的外密封提供缓冲液
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案
Vent Valve 排气阀 Pressure Gauge 压力表
(Normally Close) 通常关 Pressure Switch 压力操纵开关
着 External Pressure 外部压
力 Source
One-way Block Valve
Orifice
(Normally Open) 单向
Level Switch (L) 截止阀
液位开关 Level Gauge 液位计
Points to Note for API Plan 53:

 Typically used with an Arrangement 3

pressurised dual seal. 通常用于带压双封

 During normal operation, circulation is

maintained by an internal pumping ring. 在正常
操作情况下，通过腔内的泵效环维持循环
Drain  The reservoir pressure is greater than the
process pressure being sealed. 罐内压力通常高
于被密封介质压力

External reservoir providing pressurised barrier

fluid for the outer seal of an pressurised dual seal
arrangement. 外部储罐对带压双封的
外密封提供隔离液
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案

Points to Note for API Plan 54:

 Typically used with an

Arrangement 3 pressurised dual
seal. 通常用于带压双封

 During normal operation,

circulation is maintained by an
external pump or pressure
system. 在正常操作情况下，通过外
部的泵或压力系统维持循环

 The circulating barrier fluid

pressure is greater than the
process pressure being sealed.
循环隔离液的压力高于被密封介质的
压力

External barrier fluid system providing pressurised barrier fluid for the outer seal of an
pressurised dual seal arrangement
外部隔离液系统对带压双封的外密封提供带压隔离液
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案

 Safe to use, handle, store 储藏、操作、使用安全可靠

 Stable liquid at ambient temperatures 在环境温度下，性能稳定
 Not a VOC, VHAP or other regulated compound
 不易挥发、非有害物质
 Non flammable 不易燃烧
 Non foaming when pressurised 加压时，不易产生泡沫
 Clean and good lubricity 干净且有较好的润滑性
 Compatible with process fluid 与工艺流体有互容性
 Compatible with seal materials 与密封材料兼容
 Good heat transfer properties 有好的传热性能
 Good flow qualities at very low temperatures
 在低温下，有好的流动性
 Low solubility of gas 对气体有较低的溶解性
 Local availability 当地容易获得 VOC : Volatile Organic Compound
VHAP : Volatile Hazardous Air Polutants
 Low cost 成本低
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案

Point to Note for API Plan 61: 对

于 API plan 61 须注意 :
 Typically this plan is used
when the purchaser is to
provide fluid (such as steam,
gas, or water ) to an auxiliary
sealing device.
 通常在买方能给密封辅助系统提
供流体（如蒸汽、气体或水）的
情况下，才采用该方案

Tapped connections for the purchaser’s use

在接口处攻螺纹，以方便用户使用
API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案

Points to Note for API Plan 62:

 对于 API plan 62 须注意 :

 The quench may be required to

prevent solids from accumulating
on the atmospheric side of the
seal. 防止在密封大气侧有颗粒积累
 Typically used with a close-
clearance throttle bushing.
 普遍使用小间隙节流衬套

Single Seal Quench from External Source

单密封通过外部急冷
API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版
New Piping Plans 新的冲洗方案
Plan 53a (A.4.12)
 Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals 排列方式 3 ，接触式湿密封
 Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals 带压双封
 Utilises direct nitrogen blanket for pressure 利用氮气来增压
 due to nitrogen entrainment in the barrier liquid 由于氮气会夹进封液中
 API 682 limits the maximum nitrogen pressure to 10 barg, JC recommendation is
maximum nitrogen pressure 21 barg, as long as the barrier fluid temperature is less
than 120°C API 682 限制了氮气的最大压力为 10barg, 约翰克兰建议只要隔离液温度小于 1
20 度， 最大氮气压力 21barg,
API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版
New Piping Plans 新的冲洗方案
Plan 53b (A.4.12) 53M
 Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals 排列方式 3 ，接触式
湿密封
 Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals 带压双封
 Utilizes bladder accumulator for pressure 利用蓄能器来增压
 Bladder eliminates nitrogen contact with barrier liquid 橡胶囊把
氮气与隔离液分开
 Allows for higher pressure applications 允许高压力应用

Configuration Includes:
 Accumulator 蓄能器

 Pressure Indicator 压

力显示器
 Pressure Switch 压力开

TI F B BI 关
 Heat Exchanger 换热器
When O
B Specified
O
BI
API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版
New Piping Plans 新的冲洗方案
Plan 53c (A.4.12)
 Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals 排列方式 3 ，接触式湿密封

 Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals 带压双封

 Utilizes piston pot for pressure 利用活塞增压

F BO BI

BO When
Specified

BI
 API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版
New Piping Plans 新的冲洗方案
Plan 53c (A.4.12)
 Piston pot eliminates nitrogen contact with barrier liquid 活塞缸阻断了隔离液与氮气的连接
 Piston provides constant pressure ratio to seals (1.1:1) 活塞给密封提供持续的压力比率

 Allows for higher pressure

applications 允许高压力应用
 Configuration includes: 构造包括
 Piston pot 活塞
 Pressure indicator 压力显示器
 Pressure switch 压力开关‘
 Heat exchanger 换热器
 Level switch 液位开关

Spring 弹簧
 API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版
New Piping Plans 新的冲洗方案
Plan 72 (A.4.16)
 Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) 排列方式 2 ，辅助二次密封
 Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals 不带压串联密封
 Dry-running secondary containment seal 干运转二次辅助密封
 Low pressure nitrogen sweep (purge) 低压氮气吹扫
 Sweeps primary leakage to collection system 主密封泄漏的东西排放到
收集系统里
 Dilutes primary leakage to lower emission levels 稀释泄漏的东西
 Used in conjunction with Plan 75 or 76 ，与 75 方案或 76 方案一起使用


CSV: containment seal vent
CSD: containment seal Drain

GBI: gas buffer inlet

FIL: coalescing filter


 API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版
New Piping Plans 新的冲洗方案
Plan 74 (A.4.17)
 Arrangement 3, Non-contacting Seals (NC) 排列方式 3 ，非接触式密
封
 Dual Pressurised (Double) Gas Barrier Seals 带压
 Nitrogen gas barrier 氮气隔离
 1.75 - 2 bar (25-30 psi) above seal chamber pressure 高于密封腔压力 1.75
-2bar
 Zero emissions 零泄漏
 Essentially a T2800 panel 2800 类型控制面板

 GBI: gas buffer inlet


 GBO: gas buffer outlet (NC)


(used only to depressurize)

 API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版
New Piping Plans 新的冲洗方案
Plan 75 (A.4.18)
 Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) 排列方案 2 ，二次辅助密封
 Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals 无压串联密封
 Dry-running secondary 辅助密封干运转
 Condensate collection reservoir (8.6.5.2) 冷凝液收集罐
 Used when primary seal leakage may condense ( does not
completely vaporize) 用于从主密封泄漏出来的可冷凝的工况
 May be used in conjunction with Plan 72 或许和 72 方案一起使用
API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版
New Piping Plans 新的冲洗方案
Plan 76 (A.4.19)
 Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) 排列方式 2 ，二次辅助密封
 Dual Un-Pressurised Seals (Dry-running secondary) 双无压密封
 Primary leakage routed to flare or vent
 Used when primary seal leakage will not condense (completely

vaporizes) 用于从主密封泄漏出的不可冷凝的工况
 Essentially a 48SC or 28LD panel leakage detection

 May be used in conjunction with Plan 72 或许和 72 方案一起使用