CONFIDENTIALITY

ACA Code of Ethics, Section B.1.d: Contagious Fatal Deceases

A counselor who receives conforming that a client has a decease that is commonly known
to be both communicable and fatal is justified in disclosing confidential information to an
identifiable third party, who by his or her relationship with the client is at high risk of
contradicting the decease. Prior to making a disclosure, the counselor should ascertain
that the client has not already informed the third party about his or her decease and that
the client is not intending to inform the third party in the immediate future.

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ACA Code of Ethics, Section B.3: Minor or Incompetent Client

When counseling clients who are minor or individuals who are unable to give voluntary
informed consent, parents or guardians may be included in the counseling process as
appropriate. Counselors act in the best interests of clients and take measure to safeguard
confidentiality.

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Section B.1.a: Respect for Privacy

Counselors respect their clients’ right to privacy and avoid illegal and unwarranted
disclosures of confidential information.

APA Ethical Principles

Section 5.02: Maintaining Confidentiality

Psychologists have a primary obligation and take reasonable precautions to respect the
confidentiality rights of those with whom they work, or consult, recognizing that
confidentiality may be established by law, institutional rules, or professional or scientific
relationships.

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(walaupun kod ini adalah si bawah informed consent tapi ia melibatkan confidentiality
dan limitasi)
ACA Code of Ethics

Section A.3.a: Disclosure to Clients

When counseling is initiated, and throughout the counseling process as necessary,
counselors informs clients of the purposes, goals, techniques, procedures, limitations,
potential risks and benefits of services to be performed, and other pertinent information.
Counselors take steps to ensure that clients understand the implications of diagnosis, the
intended use of tests and reports, fees, and billing arrangements. Clients have the rights to
expect confidentiality and to be provided with an explanation of its limitations, including
supervision and/ or treatment team professionals; to obtain clear information about their
case records; to participate in the ongoing counseling plans; and to refuse any
recommended services and be advised of the consequences of each refusal.

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Section B.6.b: Cooperating Agencies

Before sharing information, counselors make effort to ensure that there are defined
policies in other agencies serving the counselor’s clients that effectively protect the
confidentiality of information.

Section B.1.i: Treatment Terms

If client treatment will involve a continued review by a treatment team, the client will
informed or the team’s existence and composition.

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Section B.4.b: Confidentiality of Records

Counselors are responsible for securing the safety and confidentiality of any counseling
records they create, maintain, transfer, or destroy, whether the records are written, tapes,
computerized, or stored in any other medium.
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Section 5.04: Maintenance of Records

Psychologists maintain appropriate confidentiality in creating, storing, accessing,
transferring, and disposing of records under their control, whether these are written,
automated, or in any other medium. Psychologists maintain and dispose of records in
accordance with law and in a manner that permits compliance with the requirements of
this Ethics Code.

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ACA Standard A: Confidentiality

Professional counselor ensure that clients are provided sufficient information to
adequately address and explain the limitations of (i) computer technology in the
counseling process in general, and (ii) the difficulties of ensuring complete client
confidentiality of information transmitted through electronic communications over the
internet through on- line counseling.
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Secured Sites
To manage the risks of potential breaches of confidentiality, professional counselors
provide one- on- one- on- line counseling only through “secure” web sites or email
communications applications which use appropriate encryption technology designed to
protect the transmission of confidential information from access by unauthorized third
parties.

Nonsecured Sites
To mitigate the risk of potential breaches of confidentiality, professional counselors
provide only “general information” from nonsecured web sites or email communications
applications.

B. Informational notices
Security of professional counselor’s site
Professional counselors provides a readily visible notice that (i) information transmitted
over a web or email server may not be secure, (ii) whether or not the professional
counselor’s site is secure, (iii) whether the information transmitted between the
professional and the client during on-line counseling will be encrypted, (iv) and whether
the client will need special software to access and transmit confidential information, and
if so, whether the professional counselor provides the software as part of the on- line
counseling service. This notice should be viewable for all web site and email locations
from which the client may send information.

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Section B.1.h: Subordinates

Counselors make every effort that privacy and confidentiality pf clients are maintained by
subordinates including employees, clerical assistants, and volunteers.
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INFORMED CONSENT