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Court of Appeal- Schneerson Library Ruling

Court of Appeal- Schneerson Library Ruling

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Published by Avraham Berkowitz
US Court of appeal ruling on the Schneerson library and documents in Russia
US Court of appeal ruling on the Schneerson library and documents in Russia

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Published by: Avraham Berkowitz on May 18, 2011
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05/27/2011

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~tttitea~tat£5
([ourtof
J\ppeals
FORTHEDISTRICTOFCOLUl\ilBL·\CIRCUIT
ArguedMarch17,2008DecidedJune13,2008No.07-7002
AGUDASCHASlDEICHABADOF
UNITED
STATES,ApPELLEE/CROSS-ApPELLANT
v.
RUSSIANFEDERATION,RUSSIANMINISTRYOFCULTUREANDMASSCOi\iIMUNfCATION,RUSSIANSTATELIBRARY,ANDRUSSIANSTATEMILITARYARCHIVE,ApPELLANTS/CROSS-ApPELLEES
Consolidatedwith07-7006AppealsfromtheUnitedStatesDistrictCourtfortheDistrictofColumbia(No.05cvOL548)
James
H.
Broderick,
appellants/cross-appellees.
Donald
1:
Bucklin.
Jr.
arguedthecauseforWithhimonthebriefswas
NathanLewin
arguedthecauseforappellee/cross-appellant.Withhimonthebriefswere
MarshallB.
 
2
Grossman,Seth/vfGerber,AlyzaD.Lewin,
and
WilliamB.Reynolds.
Before:
HENDERSON,
CircuitJudge,
and
ED\VARDS
and
WILUM'[S,
SeniorCircuitJudges.
WILLL'U\[S,
SeniorCircuitJudge:
AgudasChasideiChabadofUnitedStatesisanon-profitJewishorganizationincorporatedinNewYork.
It
servesasthepolicy-makingandumbrellaorganizationforChabad-Lubavitch-generallyknownas"Chabad"-aworldwideChasidicspiritualmovement,philosophy,andorganizationfoundedinRussiainthelate18thcentury.
(Chabads
nameisaHebrewacronymstandingforthreekindsofintellectualfaculties:
Chachmah;Binah,
and
Da'at,
meaningwisdom,comprehension,andknowledge.)Ineverygenerationsincetheorganization'sfounding,ithasbeenledbyaRebbe-arabbirecognizedbythecommunityforexceptionalspiritualqualities.AgudasChasideiChabadstakesclaimtothousandsat'religiousbooks,manuscripts,anddocuments(the"Collection")thatwereassembledbytheRebbesoverthecourseofChabadshistoryandcomprisethetextualbasisforthegroup'scoreteachingsandtraditions.ThereligiousandhistoricalimportanceoftheCollectiontoChabad,whichisextensivelyreviewedinthedistrictcourtopinion,canhardlybeoverstated.See
Agudas
ChasideiChabadv.RussianFederation
("DistrictCourtDecision"),466F.Supp.2d6,10-14
(DD.C.
2006).AgudasChasideiChabadsaysthattheCollectionwastakenbytheSovietUnion-oritssuccessor,theRussianFederation-inviolationofinternational'Law.OpinionfortheCourtfiledby
SeniorCircuit.fudge
W[LUAtvlS.
Opinionconcurring
In
thejudgmentfiledby
Circuit
.fudge
HENDERSON.
 
Accordingtotheplaintiff'sallegations(asamplifiedinsomecasesbylatersubmissions),Russia'sBolshevikgovernmentseizedoneportionoftheCollection(knownasthe"Library")duringtheOctoberRevolutionof
1917,
takingitfromaprivatewarehouseinMoscow,wheretheFifthRebbehadsentitforsafekeepingashenedtheGermanforcesinvadingRussia.AlthoughtheSovietgovernmentinitiallyactedwithsomehesitancy,
by
1925itappearstohave
finally
rejectedpleasforreturnoftheLibrary
by
theFifthRebbeandtheSixth(whosucceededthe
Fifth
in
1920).
TheregimestoredthematerialsatitsLeninLibrary,whichlaterbecametheRussianStateLibrary("RSL,"atermweusetoincludeitspredecessor).
After
arrestingtheSixthRebbefor"counterrevolutionaryactivities"(namelyestablishingJewishschools),theSovietsbeathimandsentencedhimtodeathbyfiringsquad,butthencommutedthesentencetoexile.TheSixthRebberesettledinLatviain
1927
andbecameacitizenthere,bringingwithhimanothersetofreligiousmanuscriptsandbooksknownasthe"Archive."In
1933
hemovedtoPoland,bringingtheArchivealong.OnSeptember
1,1939,
NaziGermanforcesinvadedPoland,forcingtheRebbeto
flee
yetagain.NaziforcesseizedtheArchiveandtransferredittoaGestapo-controlledcastleatWolfelsdorfavillageaboutfourteenmilessouthofGlatz(nowKlodzko)inLowerSilesia.SovietmilitaryforcescommandeeredtheArchiveinSeptember
1945,
callingitscontents"trophydocuments"andcarryingthemawayto.Moscow.TheArchiveisnowheldbytheRussianStateMilitaryArchive("RSMA,"againatermweusetoincludeitspredecessors).WiththeassistanceoftheU.S.government,theSixthRebbeescapedNaziEuropeandcametoNewYork,whereAgudasChasideiChabadwasincorporatedin
1940.
Theplaintiffanditspredecessormadevariouseffortstorecover

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Avraham Berkowitz added this note
This is an important ruling, if you are following the nixing of all Russian art and cultural loans to the United States. http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2011/0...
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