NOTA KULIAH

ZTA
 Abstract reasoning

Definition :
- The ability to analyze information and solve problems on a
complex, thought-based level.

Abstract reasoning tasks involve skills such as:

 Forming theories about the nature of objects, ideas,
processes, and problem solving.
 Understanding subjects on a complex level through analysis
and evaluation.
 Ability to apply knowledge in problem-solving using theory,
metaphor, or complex analogy.
 Understanding relationships between verbal and non-verbal
ideas.
 Abstract problems are often visual and typically
do not involve social ideas.
 Abstract reasoning is usually assessed as part of
intelligence testing.
 Abstract reasoning ability is important because it
enables students to apply what they learn in
complex ways.
 Many students with learning disabilities have
weaknesses in abstract reasoning and can benefit
from direct instruction in problem-solving skills.
 They may also benefit from language therapy to
help them learn to use language to understand
and solve problems.
 In intelligence quotient (IQ) testing, abstract
concepts are considered by some as less biased
than language based concepts.
 However, children who have been exposed to toys
that build abstract reasoning skills, such as
blocks, tinker toys, geometric toys, or other
building and problem solving toys may improve
their abstract reasoning abilities.
- A child who has developed good abstract reasoning
skills easily uses symbols instead of concrete objects
when learning new information.
 Example:

Objective : 1.4 identify natural elements

 content : Nature and its phenomena
 Topic : photosynthesis
 by using experiment, it help pupils to clearly understood the
whole processes of photosynthesis
 using hands-on and minds- on
 Language problem :

Pupils may not understand such common science

vocabulary – terms, apparatus