1 fi 9 Singapore Mathematical Society Singapore Mathematical Olympiad 2005 (Junior Section Solutions) Ans: (4) 7 = (7!) x 7=T (mod 10) since 74 (mod 10). Ans: (b). Let f(a,b) = (a+ b)> = a? + 3a + 3b? + 6°. Then f(0.5, —1.5) = (0.5 — 1)? = -1 Ans: (b) 142+...42005 = - x 2005 x 2006. Hence the last two digits is 15. Ans: (¢). By counting the number of factor 5 in the product, we easily see that the number 50! ends with eo + eo = 12 zeros. 5 25 Ans: (d) ‘The two triangles are similar and aa = 2. Hence Area QDA=4x Area PCQ = 20. Ans: (a) 1 Substituting q = 2(p ~ 8) into the first equation, we get (a) Ans: () If the first digit is 1, then the mumber is divisible by 11 implies that the 3rd digit, 4 and there are two ways to put 2 and 3. The cases when the first digit are 2, 3 respectrively can be dealt with similarly. Hence the total number is 4x 2 = 8. ns: (c). sum of interior angles is (n — 2) x 180° < 2005°. Hence the maximum n is 13. Ans: (b). The last 2 digits of 2005” is 25 except n = I which gives 5. Hence the last 2 digits is 5 + 2004 x 25 (mod 100) = 05.10 Ans: (a). From the identity dab = (a +b)? ~ (a ~b)?, one sees that when a +d is fixed, the product is the largest when ja ~ 6] is the smallest, Now let a b + c= 2005(a +b). Hence = = 2005. 12 Ans: 2005, Let n = 2005. Then « = (n+ 1) (in — 1)8 = 6n? +2. Hence V2 13 Ans: 1 The expression = (x — y)|(a — (a? +ay+y?) —3cy]. Substituting x —y = 1, one sees that the expression = (a — y)® =1 14 Ans: 1003. zoos 2005 ession = = =1 The expression = [] (1+ ? wT 7 003. ia ina 15 Ans: 3. Let O he the center of the regular hexagon. ‘Then Area OC'D = Area OAC Area ABCDEP. The result follows. 16 Ans: 2005. 67 167 = (w+ y)® —2ey => xy = ot Hence x? +3 = (a-+y)(2? —2y +y2) = 2005. 17 Ans: 4. Completing the squares, one sees that the expression = \/ (2 + v'5)?— 4. — V5)? =18 19 20 21 22 23 24 8 oT Ans: 110, 1 Asa > 0, we have 24 =5. Thus, Ans: 20. Let r be the radius. Then r 10. Thus the diameter is 20. (r-4? +82 =r Ans: 900. Such a palindrome number is completely determined by its first three digits, There are 9,10, 10 choices of the Ist, 2nd and 3rd digits respectively, hence total = 900. Ans: 3. Ifp+1=n?, p=(n+1)(n—1). Since p is prime, n = 2. Hence p = 3 is unique. Ans: 540. By dividing up into triangles with respect to a center O, one sees that there are seven triangles formed (e.g. OAC, OBD, etc.). ‘The middle angle at O is added up twice, Hence # = 7 x 180 — 720 = 540. Ans: 15552, Observe that 3 | a and 2 |b, Set b possible value of a is 6. Hence x 2h). Then we see that 2 | a. Thus the smallest (6°) = 15552 Ans: 2. Using long division, we get x* — 32? +3 = (2? +x —1)(2? —x-1) +2. Ans: 60. From the equatien C2 = AE _ AC yy DE _ BE _ BD 4 5, pon the equaling CE = AE _ AC, DE_ BE BD DE+CE _ BE+AE CF BF 150 _ 250 Thus Gy = og: and we have CF = 60. Ans: 3. a? —304+2="-a=0=9a=lora=2, Ans: 211. Since (m+ n)(m ~n) = 4009 = 211 x 19 which is a product of primes. Hence28 Ans: 1. 4 Letting 5 =k, we get a= bk,b = ck and ¢ = ak. Thus a = ak®. Thus k = 1 and c. The result follows. a=b 29 Ans: 57. One can count directly that the maximum number of regions is 57. 30 Ans: 3. Observe that the stop numbers 1,9,25,4 point (0,—n) is at the stop number (2n + 1)? —(n +1) we have 4(227) + 3(22) = 2002. So the point (0, -22) i point (3,22) is the 2005-th stop. are at the lower right corners. The dn? +3n. When n = 22, the 2002-th stop. Thus the BL Ans: 25, Upon rotating AED anticlockwise 90° through A, we get a square. Thus the area is 5? = 25. 32 Ans: 1. Observe that ((b—c) +(e—a))? —4(b—e)(e~a) ‘Thus b-c=e Hence (bc) ~ (e—a))® 33 Ans: 10. 2222222222 x (10! — 1) = 22222222220000000000 — 2222222222 = 222222999177777777778. 34 Ans: 10. Upon rewriting the equation as (x? — 101)(x* — 999) + 1 = 0, one sees that x = 10 is the only integral solution. 35 Ans: LL 2008 1 The sun = S76? —r+1) = i % 2005 > 2006 x 4011 — 5 x 2005 x 2006-+-2005. Upon = simplifying, we see that the sum = 5 x 401 x 134009 = 5 x 11 x 401 x 121819 Since 2,3,7 does not divide 401 and 121819, the second smallest prime factor is 11 10