PENDEKATAN

DALAM
PENGAMBILAN
KEPUTUSAN
ETIS
Setiawati Mulyo (1056018)

PENDEKATAN FILOSOFI

 Pendekatan Utilitarian (Teleologi)

 Pendekatan Deontologi
 Pendekatan Keadilan
 Pendekatan Kepentingan Bersama
 Pendekatan Kebaikan/ Kebajikan
Analisis Pengaruh kepada Stakeholder

 Tradisional  shareholder

 Modern
 shareholder + non shareholder = stakeholder
KEPENTINGAN FUNDAMENTAL
STAKEHOLDER

 Well-offness  keuntungan > biaya

 Fairness  adil dalam mendistribusikan
keuntungan dan beban
 Right  saling menghormati hak masing – masing
PENGUKURAN DALAM PERHITUNGAN
DAMPAK LABA

• Profit
• Item-item yang tidak termasuk profit dan dapat
diukur secara langsung
• Item-item yang tidak termasuk profit dan tidak
dapat diukur secara langsung
• PV analysis
• Expected Value
• Identifikasi stakeholder & urutkan kepentingannya
PENGUKURAN PENGARUH YANG TIDAK
DAPAT DIHITUNG

 Keadilan diantara stakeholder

 Hak dari stakeholder
PENDEKATAN PENGAMBILAN
KEPUTUSAN ETIS SECARA
KOMPREHENSIF
 5-Question Approach/5-box approach
 Moral Standard Approach
 Pastin’s Approach
 Extending and Blending Approach
 5- Question Approach

Is the decision.... Stakeholder interest examined

1. Profitable ?? Shareholders’ – usually short term

2. Legal ?? Society at large – legally enforable

rights

3. Fair ?? Fairness of all

4. Right ?? Other rights of all

5. Going to further sustainable development Specific rights

MORAL STANDARD
APPROACH
Moral Standard Question of Proposed Decision

Utilitarian Does the action maximize social

Maximize net benefit to society as benefits and minimize social
a whole injuries?

Individual rights Is the action consistent with each

Respect and protect person’s right?

Justice Will the action lead to a just

Fair distribution of benefits and distribution of benefits and
burdens burdens?
PASTIN’S APPROACH

Key Aspect Purpose for Examination

Ground rule ethics To illuminate an organization and/or an
individual’s rules and values
End-point ethics To determine the greatest net good for
all concerned
To determine what boundaries a person
Rule ethics
or an organization should take into
account according to ethical principal

Social contranct ethics To determine how to move the

boundaries to remove concern or
conflicts
Extending & Blending Approaches

 Pengkombinasian dan pengembangan dari

pendekatan-pendekatan yang ada
PERANGKAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN
YANG ETIS

• Fokus pada profit jangka pendek dan hanya shareholder

impact
• Fokus hanya pada legalitas
• Batas-batas keadilan
• Batas-batas hak
• Konflik kepentingan
• Keterhubungan stakeholder
• Gagal untuk mengidentifikasi kelompok stakeholder
• Menghilangkan pertimbangan well-offness, kewajaran, atau
kebenaran
A FRAMEWORK FOR ETHICAL PROBLEM
SOLVING

 Establish objectivity.
 Scan the situation; identify the problem.
 Analyze the problem.
 Determine the cause of the problem.
 Establish the objective.
 Explore the options.
 Decide on the best solution.
 Plan and implement the solution.
GOD bless u all…